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The style is a narrow extension of the ovary, usually pointing upwards, connecting the ovary to the [[Stigma (botany)|stigmatic papillae]]. It may be absent in some plants; in this case, it is referred to as a [[Sessility (botany)|sessile]] stigma. Styles generally resemble more or less long tubes. The style can be open (with few cells occupying the central part, or even none), featuring a central canal that may be filled with [[mucilage]]. Alternatively, the style can be closed (completely filled with cells). Most plants with [[Gynoecium|syncarpous pistils]] ([[Monocotyledon|monocotyledons]] and some [[Eudicots|eudicotys]]) have open styles, whereas many eudicots and grasses have closed (solid) styles containing specialized secretory tissues, which connect the stigma to the center of the ovary. These tissues form a nutrient-rich cord for the growth of the pollen tube.{{sfn|Rudall|2007}} |
The style is a narrow extension of the ovary, usually pointing upwards, connecting the ovary to the [[Stigma (botany)|stigmatic papillae]]. It may be absent in some plants; in this case, it is referred to as a [[Sessility (botany)|sessile]] stigma. Styles generally resemble more or less long tubes. The style can be open (with few cells occupying the central part, or even none), featuring a central canal that may be filled with [[mucilage]]. Alternatively, the style can be closed (completely filled with cells). Most plants with [[Gynoecium|syncarpous pistils]] ([[Monocotyledon|monocotyledons]] and some [[Eudicots|eudicotys]]) have open styles, whereas many eudicots and grasses have closed (solid) styles containing specialized secretory tissues, which connect the stigma to the center of the ovary. These tissues form a nutrient-rich cord for the growth of the pollen tube.{{sfn|Rudall|2007}} |
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When the pistil consists of several [[Gynoecium|carpels]], each of them may have a distinct [[ |
When the pistil consists of several [[Gynoecium|carpels]], each of them may have a distinct ''[[stylium]]'' (pseudo-style{{check|date=May 2024}}) or share a common style. In [[Iris (plant)|Iris]] and other species of the ''[[Iridaceae]]'' family, the style divides into three "petaloid branches" (resembling petals), sometimes also called stylodiums,{{sfn|Rudall|2007}} almost at the origin of the style and is called "tribrachiate". These are strips of tissue emerging from the perianth tube above the sepal. The stigma is a ridge or edge on the lower surface of the branch, near the tip of the lobes.<ref>{{cite web |access-date=27 July 2015 |language=en |publisher=herbs2000.com |title=''The Anatomy of Irises'' |url=http://www.herbs2000.com/flowers/i_anatomy.htm}}<!-- auto-translated from French by Module:CS1 translator -->.</ref> Branched styles also appear in the genera ''[[Dietes]]'', [[Iris (plant)|''Pardanthopsis'']], and in most species of the genus ''[[Moraea]]''.<ref name="klaus2">{{cite book |editor-first1 =Klaus |editor-last1 = Kubitzki | first1= H. | last1=Huber | first2 = P.J. | last2 = Rudall |first3 = P.S. | last3 = Stevens | first4 = T. |last4 = Stützel |date=2013 |isbn=978-3-662-03533-7 |language=en |page=305 |publisher=Springer Science & Business Media |series=The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants |title=Flowering Plants. Dicotyledons : Celastrales, Oxalidales, Rosales, Cornales and Ericales |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RSfrCAAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover}}<!-- auto-translated from French by Module:CS1 translator --></ref> |
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In ''[[Crocus]]'' species, the style is branched into three "branches," forming a tube.<ref>{{cite book |first1=Michael | last1 = Hickey |first2=Clive |last2 = King |date=1988 |isbn=978-0-521-33700-7 |language=en |page=562 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |title=100 Families of Flowering Plants |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LDh7fz9uToMC&printsec=frontcover}}<!-- auto-translated from French by Module:CS1 translator --></ref> Plants of the genus ''[[Hesperantha]]'' have a spread-out branched style. The style can also be lobed rather than branched. Plants of the genus ''[[Gladiolus]]'' have a bilobed style. In the genera ''[[Freesia]]'', ''[[Lapeirousia]]'', ''[[Romulea]]'', ''[[Savannosiphon]]'', and ''[[Watsonia (plant)|Watsonia]]'', the style has bifurcated and curved branches.<ref name="klaus3">{{cite book |editor-first1 =Klaus |editor-last1 = Kubitzki | first1= H. | last1=Huber | first2 = P.J. | last2 = Rudall |first3 = P.S. | last3 = Stevens | first4 = T. |last4 = Stützel |date=2013 |isbn=978-3-662-03533-7 |language=en |page=305 |publisher=Springer Science & Business Media |series=The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants |title=Flowering Plants. Dicotyledons : Celastrales, Oxalidales, Rosales, Cornales and Ericales |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RSfrCAAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover}}<!-- auto-translated from French by Module:CS1 translator --></ref><ref name="klaus4">{{cite book |editor-first1 =Klaus |editor-last1 = Kubitzki | first1= H. | last1=Huber | first2 = P.J. | last2 = Rudall |first3 = P.S. | last3 = Stevens | first4 = T. |last4 = Stützel |date=2013 |isbn=978-3-662-03533-7 |language=en |page=305 |publisher=Springer Science & Business Media |series=The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants |title=Flowering Plants. Dicotyledons : Celastrales, Oxalidales, Rosales, Cornales and Ericales |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RSfrCAAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover}}<!-- auto-translated from French by Module:CS1 translator --></ref> |
In ''[[Crocus]]'' species, the style is branched into three "branches," forming a tube.<ref>{{cite book |first1=Michael | last1 = Hickey |first2=Clive |last2 = King |date=1988 |isbn=978-0-521-33700-7 |language=en |page=562 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |title=100 Families of Flowering Plants |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LDh7fz9uToMC&printsec=frontcover}}<!-- auto-translated from French by Module:CS1 translator --></ref> Plants of the genus ''[[Hesperantha]]'' have a spread-out branched style. The style can also be lobed rather than branched. Plants of the genus ''[[Gladiolus]]'' have a bilobed style. In the genera ''[[Freesia]]'', ''[[Lapeirousia]]'', ''[[Romulea]]'', ''[[Savannosiphon]]'', and ''[[Watsonia (plant)|Watsonia]]'', the style has bifurcated and curved branches.<ref name="klaus3">{{cite book |editor-first1 =Klaus |editor-last1 = Kubitzki | first1= H. | last1=Huber | first2 = P.J. | last2 = Rudall |first3 = P.S. | last3 = Stevens | first4 = T. |last4 = Stützel |date=2013 |isbn=978-3-662-03533-7 |language=en |page=305 |publisher=Springer Science & Business Media |series=The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants |title=Flowering Plants. Dicotyledons : Celastrales, Oxalidales, Rosales, Cornales and Ericales |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RSfrCAAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover}}<!-- auto-translated from French by Module:CS1 translator --></ref><ref name="klaus4">{{cite book |editor-first1 =Klaus |editor-last1 = Kubitzki | first1= H. | last1=Huber | first2 = P.J. | last2 = Rudall |first3 = P.S. | last3 = Stevens | first4 = T. |last4 = Stützel |date=2013 |isbn=978-3-662-03533-7 |language=en |page=305 |publisher=Springer Science & Business Media |series=The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants |title=Flowering Plants. Dicotyledons : Celastrales, Oxalidales, Rosales, Cornales and Ericales |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RSfrCAAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover}}<!-- auto-translated from French by Module:CS1 translator --></ref> |
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Revision as of 00:57, 7 May 2024
In botany, the style of an angiosperm flower is an organ of variable length that connects the ovary to the stigma. The style does not contain ovules; these are limited to the region of the gynoecium (female organs of the flower) called the "ovary."
Structure
The style is a narrow extension of the ovary, usually pointing upwards, connecting the ovary to the stigmatic papillae. It may be absent in some plants; in this case, it is referred to as a sessile stigma. Styles generally resemble more or less long tubes. The style can be open (with few cells occupying the central part, or even none), featuring a central canal that may be filled with mucilage. Alternatively, the style can be closed (completely filled with cells). Most plants with syncarpous pistils (monocotyledons and some eudicotys) have open styles, whereas many eudicots and grasses have closed (solid) styles containing specialized secretory tissues, which connect the stigma to the center of the ovary. These tissues form a nutrient-rich cord for the growth of the pollen tube.[1]
When the pistil consists of several carpels, each of them may have a distinct stylium (pseudo-style[verification needed]) or share a common style. In Iris and other species of the Iridaceae family, the style divides into three "petaloid branches" (resembling petals), sometimes also called stylodiums,[1] almost at the origin of the style and is called "tribrachiate". These are strips of tissue emerging from the perianth tube above the sepal. The stigma is a ridge or edge on the lower surface of the branch, near the tip of the lobes.[2] Branched styles also appear in the genera Dietes, Pardanthopsis, and in most species of the genus Moraea.[3]
In Crocus species, the style is branched into three "branches," forming a tube.[4] Plants of the genus Hesperantha have a spread-out branched style. The style can also be lobed rather than branched. Plants of the genus Gladiolus have a bilobed style. In the genera Freesia, Lapeirousia, Romulea, Savannosiphon, and Watsonia, the style has bifurcated and curved branches.[5][6]
Flower of the Iris versicolor showing three overlapping two-lipped structures, an upper petaloid branching, and a lower tepal, enclosing a stamen.
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Flower of Iris missouriensis showing the light blue branched style above the drooping petal.
The feathery stigma of Iris versicolor (Crocus speciosus) has three branches corresponding to the three carpels.
References
- ^ a b Rudall 2007.
- ^ "The Anatomy of Irises". herbs2000.com. Retrieved 27 July 2015..
- ^ Huber, H.; Rudall, P.J.; Stevens, P.S.; Stützel, T. (2013). Kubitzki, Klaus (ed.). Flowering Plants. Dicotyledons : Celastrales, Oxalidales, Rosales, Cornales and Ericales. The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 305. ISBN 978-3-662-03533-7.
- ^ Hickey, Michael; King, Clive (1988). 100 Families of Flowering Plants. Cambridge University Press. p. 562. ISBN 978-0-521-33700-7.
- ^ Huber, H.; Rudall, P.J.; Stevens, P.S.; Stützel, T. (2013). Kubitzki, Klaus (ed.). Flowering Plants. Dicotyledons : Celastrales, Oxalidales, Rosales, Cornales and Ericales. The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 305. ISBN 978-3-662-03533-7.
- ^ Huber, H.; Rudall, P.J.; Stevens, P.S.; Stützel, T. (2013). Kubitzki, Klaus (ed.). Flowering Plants. Dicotyledons : Celastrales, Oxalidales, Rosales, Cornales and Ericales. The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 305. ISBN 978-3-662-03533-7.
Sources
- Rudall, P.J. (2007). Anatomy of Flowering Plants: An Introduction to Structure and Development. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-139-45948-8. Retrieved 2024-05-06.