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{{Short description|German electrical engineer (1897–1969)}}
{{Short description|German electrical engineer (1897–1969)}}
'''Max Knoll ''' (17 July 1897 – 6 November 1969) was a German [[electrical engineer]].
'''Max Knoll '''(17 July 1897 – 6 November 1969) was a German [[electrical engineer]] and co-inventor of the [[electron microscope]].


Knoll was born in [[Wiesbaden]] and studied in [[Munich]] and at the [[Technical University of Berlin]], where he obtained his [[doctorate]] in the Institute for [[High Voltage]] Technology. In 1927 he became the leader of the electron research group there, where he and his co-worker, [[Ernst Ruska]], invented the [[electron microscope]] in 1931.<ref>[http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1986/ruska-autobio.html Ernst Ruska Nobel Prize autobiography]</ref> In April 1932, Knoll joined [[Telefunken]] in [[Berlin]] to do developmental work in the field of [[television]] design. He was also a private lecturer in Berlin.
Knoll was born in [[Wiesbaden]] and studied in [[Munich]] and at the [[Technical University of Berlin]], where he obtained his [[doctorate]] in the Institute for [[High Voltage]] Technology. In 1927 he became the leader of the electron research group there, where he and his co-worker, [[Ernst Ruska]], invented the electron microscope in 1931.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2006-07-16 |title=Ernst Ruska - Autobiography |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060716030249/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1986/ruska-autobio.html |access-date=2024-05-24 |website=web.archive.org}}</ref> In April 1932, Knoll joined [[Telefunken]] in [[Berlin]] to do developmental work in the field of [[television]] design. He was also a private lecturer in Berlin.{{Citation needed|date=May 2024}}


After [[World War II]], Knoll joined the [[University of Munich]] as extraordinary professor and director of the Institute for Electromedicine. He moved to the [[United States|USA]] in 1948, to work at the Department of [[Electrical Engineering]] at [[Princeton University]].
After [[World War II]], Knoll joined the [[University of Munich]] as extraordinary professor and director of the Institute for Electromedicine. He moved to the [[United States|USA]] in 1948, to work at the Department of [[Electrical Engineering]] at [[Princeton University]].{{Citation needed|date=May 2024}}


In 1956 he returned to Munich and engaged in a series of experiments at the [[Technical University Munich|Technische Hochschule]], involving the generation of [[phosphene]]s by [[Electrical brain stimulation|electrically stimulating the brains]] of himself and other subjects.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Knoll |first=M. |last2=Kugler |first2=J. |last3=Höfer |first3=O. |last4=Lawder |first4=S.D. |date=2007-06-20 |title=Effects of Chemical Stimulation of Electrically-Induced Phosphenes on their Bandwidth, Shape, Number and Intensity |url=https://doi.org/10.1159/000104299 |journal=Confinia Neurologica |volume=23 |issue=3 |pages=201–226 |doi=10.1159/000104299 |issn=0010-5678}}</ref> He retired in 1966.
In 1956 he returned to Munich and engaged in a series of experiments at the [[Technical University Munich|Technische Hochschule]], involving the generation of [[phosphene]]s by [[Electrical brain stimulation|electrically stimulating the brains]] of himself and other subjects.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Knoll |first=M. |last2=Kugler |first2=J. |last3=Höfer |first3=O. |last4=Lawder |first4=S.D. |date=2007-06-20 |title=Effects of Chemical Stimulation of Electrically-Induced Phosphenes on their Bandwidth, Shape, Number and Intensity |url=https://doi.org/10.1159/000104299 |journal=Confinia Neurologica |volume=23 |issue=3 |pages=201–226 |doi=10.1159/000104299 |issn=0010-5678}}</ref> He retired in 1966.
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*[[Scanning electron microscope]]
*[[Scanning electron microscope]]
*[[Transmission electron microscopy]]
*[[Transmission electron microscopy]]
⚫
*Knoll, Max & Kügler, J. (1959). "Subjective Light Pattern Spectroscopy in the Electroencephalic Range". ''Nature'' (London) 184:1823–1824.


==References==
==References==
⚫
* Knoll, Max & Kügler, J. (1959). "Subjective Light Pattern Spectroscopy in the Electroencephalic Range". ''Nature'' (London) 184:1823–1824.
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}
{{Electron microscopy}}
{{Electron microscopy}}

Revision as of 20:20, 24 May 2024

Max Knoll (17 July 1897 – 6 November 1969) was a German electrical engineer and co-inventor of the electron microscope.

Knoll was born in Wiesbaden and studied in Munich and at the Technical University of Berlin, where he obtained his doctorate in the Institute for High Voltage Technology. In 1927 he became the leader of the electron research group there, where he and his co-worker, Ernst Ruska, invented the electron microscope in 1931.[1] In April 1932, Knoll joined Telefunken in Berlin to do developmental work in the field of television design. He was also a private lecturer in Berlin.[citation needed]

After World War II, Knoll joined the University of Munich as extraordinary professor and director of the Institute for Electromedicine. He moved to the USA in 1948, to work at the Department of Electrical Engineering at Princeton University.[citation needed]

In 1956 he returned to Munich and engaged in a series of experiments at the Technische Hochschule, involving the generation of phosphenes by electrically stimulating the brains of himself and other subjects.[2] He retired in 1966.

See also

References

  1. ^ "Ernst Ruska - Autobiography". web.archive.org. 2006-07-16. Retrieved 2024-05-24.
  2. ^ Knoll, M.; Kugler, J.; Höfer, O.; Lawder, S.D. (2007-06-20). "Effects of Chemical Stimulation of Electrically-Induced Phosphenes on their Bandwidth, Shape, Number and Intensity". Confinia Neurologica. 23 (3): 201–226. doi:10.1159/000104299. ISSN 0010-5678.


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