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| workplaces = [[Texas A&M University]]
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'''Peter H. Santschi''' is an [[American]] [[marine scientist]] and an [[academic]]. He is the [[director]] of the Laboratory for Oceanographic and Environmental Research, adjunct senior research scientist at the Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory as well as a [[professor]] of [[oceanography]] and [[Marine Science|marine sciences]] at [[Texas A&M University]].<ref name=es>{{cite web|url=https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Peter-Santschi|title=Peter H. Santschi - Researchgate}}</ref>
'''Peter H. Santschi''' is an [[American]] [[marine scientist]] and an [[academic]]. He is the [[director]] of the Laboratory for Oceanographic and Environmental Research, adjunct senior research scientist at the Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory as well as a [[professor]] of [[oceanography]] and [[Marine Science|marine sciences]] at [[Texas A&M University]].<ref name=es>{{Cite web|url=https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Peter-Santschi|title=Peter SANTSCHI &#124; Professor (Full) &#124; Dr. Phil. II (Ph.D.) &#124; Texas A&M University - Galveston, Texas &#124; TAMUG &#124; Department of MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL COASTAL SCIENCE &#124; Research profile}}</ref>


Santschi is most known for his works on marine and environmental chemistry, including environmental radiochemistry. His works have been cited in academic journals, including ''[[Environmental Science & Technology]]'', ''[[Marine Chemistry (journal)|Marine Chemistry]]'', ''[[Science of the Total Environment]]'', and ''[[Journal of Marine Research]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=ZKGyOTsAAAAJ&hl=en|title=Peter H. Santschi - Google Scholar}}</ref> He was elected as a [[Fellow]] of the [[American Geophysical Union]] in 2014,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.agu.org/press-release/american-geophysical-union-announces-2014-fellows/|title=AMERICAN GEOPHYSICAL UNION ANNOUNCES 2014 FELLOWS}}</ref> and Fellow of the [[Geochemical Society]] and the [[European Association of Geochemistry]] in 2017.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.eag.eu.com/awards/fellows/|title=Fellows by year - European Association of Geochemistry}}</ref>
Santschi is most known for his works on marine and environmental chemistry, including environmental radiochemistry. His works have been cited in academic journals, including ''[[Environmental Science & Technology]]'', ''[[Marine Chemistry (journal)|Marine Chemistry]]'', ''[[Science of the Total Environment]]'', and ''[[Journal of Marine Research]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=ZKGyOTsAAAAJ&hl=en|title=Peter H. Santschi|website=scholar.google.com}}</ref> He was elected as a [[Fellow]] of the [[American Geophysical Union]] in 2014,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.agu.org/press-release/american-geophysical-union-announces-2014-fellows/|title=American Geophysical Union Announces 2014 Fellows|website=AGU Newsroom}}</ref> and Fellow of the [[Geochemical Society]] and the [[European Association of Geochemistry]] in 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.eag.org/awards/fellows/|title=Geochemistry Fellows &#124; European Association of Geochemistry}}</ref>


==Education==
==Education==
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==Career==
==Career==
Santschi began his academic career in 1968 as a lecturer in chemistry at Humboltianum Gymnasium, serving until 1970. From 1970 to 1975, he was a teaching and [[research assistant]] at the University of Bern. He then moved to [[Columbia University]], where he was a research associate at the Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory from 1977 to 1981, followed by a position as a senior research scientist from 1981 to 1982. From 1983 to 1988, he has been an adjunct senior research scientist at the Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory, and since 1988, a professor of oceanography and marine sciences at Texas A&M University.<ref name=es/> He was appointed a Regents Professor at Texas A&M University in 2009 and a Distinguished Professor at Texas A&M University in 2021.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://facultyaffairs.tamu.edu/elevate-your-impact/faculty-awards-recognition/university-awards/the-university-distinguished-professors.html|title=2021 University Distinguished Professors}}</ref>
Santschi began his academic career in 1968 as a lecturer in chemistry at Humboltianum Gymnasium, serving until 1970. From 1970 to 1975, he was a teaching and [[research assistant]] at the University of Bern. He then moved to [[Columbia University]], where he was a research associate at the Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory from 1977 to 1981, followed by a position as a senior research scientist from 1981 to 1982. From 1983 to 1988, he has been an adjunct senior research scientist at the Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory, and since 1988, a professor of oceanography and marine sciences at Texas A&M University.<ref name=es/> He was appointed a Regents Professor at Texas A&M University in 2009 and a Distinguished Professor at Texas A&M University in 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://facultyaffairs.tamu.edu/elevate-your-impact/faculty-awards-recognition/university-awards/the-university-distinguished-professors.html|title=The University Distinguished Professors &#124; Texas A&M University|website=facultyaffairs.tamu.edu}}</ref>


From 1983 to 1988, Santschi served as the head of the Isotope Geochemistry and Radiology Section at the Swiss Institute for Water Resources and Water Pollution Control. Additionally, he acted as the focal area coordinator for the Center for Shelf and Coastal Oceanography at the Texas Institute of Oceanography from 1992 to 2000.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://epic.awi.de/id/eprint/34721/1/indian-exped_geosces.pdf|title=List of Participants}}</ref>
From 1983 to 1988, Santschi served as the head of the Isotope Geochemistry and Radiology Section at the Swiss Institute for Water Resources and Water Pollution Control. Additionally, he acted as the focal area coordinator for the Center for Shelf and Coastal Oceanography at the Texas Institute of Oceanography from 1992 to 2000.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://epic.awi.de/id/eprint/34721/1/indian-exped_geosces.pdf|title=List of Participants}}</ref>


==Research==
==Research==
Santschi's research interests span Environmental Chemistry, Biogeochemistry, and Radiochemistry, with emphasis on the role of colloidally sized macromolecular organic matter, especially microbially derived Exopolymeric Substances. In his early research, he investigated the distribution and removal dynamics of U-Th series radionuclides in Narragansett Bay, revealing that particulate matter and seasonal changes significantly influence their removal rates and concentrations.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/0012821X79901213|title=Natural radionuclides in the water of Narragansett Bay}}</ref> While examining the partitioning of radioactive trace elements between seawater and particulate matter, his 1984 collaborative study found that Group I elements (group A and B type metals, except those in group II) reach a stable equilibrium quickly, while Group II (elements strongly sorbing to Mn and Fe oxide phases) elements show increasing incorporation into particulate matter over 108 days, indicating complex interactions.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/0016703784904071|title=A kinetic approach to describe trace-element distribution between particles and solution in natural aquatic systems}}</ref> In 1989, he, together with B. Honeyman, introduced the Brownian pumping model, which explained the sorption of thorium isotopes and metals in aquatic systems through colloidal coagulation with larger particles, successfully reconciling observed sorption characteristics with both field and laboratory data.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://elischolar.library.yale.edu/journal_of_marine_research/1958/|title=A Brownian-pumping model for oceanic trace metal scavenging: Evidence from Th isotopes}}</ref> Furthermore, his 1990 study investigated the complex interactions of physical, chemical, and biological processes at the sediment-water interface. The study found that early diagenetic transformations driven by organic carbon and electron acceptors significantly influence elemental cycling and fluxes, with physical transport mechanisms and three-dimensional interactions playing crucial roles.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/030442039090076O|title=Chemical processes at the sediment-water interface}}</ref>
Santschi's research interests span Environmental Chemistry, Biogeochemistry, and Radiochemistry, with emphasis on the role of colloidally sized macromolecular organic matter, especially microbially derived Exopolymeric Substances. In his early research, he investigated the distribution and removal dynamics of U-Th series radionuclides in Narragansett Bay, revealing that particulate matter and seasonal changes significantly influence their removal rates and concentrations.<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0012821X79901213|title=Natural radionuclides in the water of Narragansett Bay|first1=Peter Hans|last1=Santschi|first2=Yuan-Hui|last2=Li|first3=Joy|last3=Bell|date=October 1, 1979|journal=Earth and Planetary Science Letters|volume=45|issue=1|pages=201–213|via=ScienceDirect|doi=10.1016/0012-821X(79)90121-3}}</ref> While examining the partitioning of radioactive trace elements between seawater and particulate matter, his 1984 collaborative study found that Group I elements (group A and B type metals, except those in group II) reach a stable equilibrium quickly, while Group II (elements strongly sorbing to Mn and Fe oxide phases) elements show increasing incorporation into particulate matter over 108 days, indicating complex interactions.<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0016703784904071|title=A kinetic approach to describe trace-element distribution between particles and solution in natural aquatic systems|first1=Urs P|last1=Nyffeler|first2=Yuan-Hui|last2=Li|first3=Peter H|last3=Santschi|date=July 1, 1984|journal=Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta|volume=48|issue=7|pages=1513–1522|via=ScienceDirect|doi=10.1016/0016-7037(84)90407-1}}</ref> In 1989, he, together with B. Honeyman, introduced the Brownian pumping model, which explained the sorption of thorium isotopes and metals in aquatic systems through colloidal coagulation with larger particles, successfully reconciling observed sorption characteristics with both field and laboratory data.<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://elischolar.library.yale.edu/journal_of_marine_research/1958|title=A Brownian-pumping model for oceanic trace metal scavenging: Evidence from Th isotopes|first1=B.|last1=Honeyman|first2=P.|last2=Santschi|date=January 1, 1989|journal=Journal of Marine Research|volume=47|issue=4}}</ref> Furthermore, his 1990 study investigated the complex interactions of physical, chemical, and biological processes at the sediment-water interface. The study found that early diagenetic transformations driven by organic carbon and electron acceptors significantly influence elemental cycling and fluxes, with physical transport mechanisms and three-dimensional interactions playing crucial roles.<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/030442039090076O|title=Chemical processes at the sediment-water interface|first1=Peter|last1=Santschi|first2=Patrick|last2=Höhener|first3=Gaboury|last3=Benoit|first4=Marilyn|last4=Buchholtz-ten Brink|date=January 1, 1990|journal=Marine Chemistry|volume=30|pages=269–315|via=ScienceDirect|doi=10.1016/0304-4203(90)90076-O}}</ref>


Santschi's 1995 paper examined the distribution and fluxes of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and colloidal organic carbon (COC) in the Gulf of Mexico and the Middle Atlantic Bight, revealing their vertical gradients, conservative mixing behavior, and size-dependent partitioning.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://aslopubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.4319/lo.1995.40.8.1392|title=Dynamics of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in oceanic environments}}</ref> In his exploration of cross-flow ultrafiltration in marine systems, his 2000 joint research with L Guo and others found that low molecular weight (LMW) molecules were significantly retained while high molecular weight (HMW) molecules showed minimal permeation, and recommended high concentration factors (>40) for effective isolation of marine colloids despite challenges in LMW retention.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0304420399000973|title=Re-examination of cross-flow ultrafiltration for sampling aquatic colloids: evidence from molecular probes}}</ref> Furthermore, his collaborative 1998<ref>{{cite web|url=https://aslopubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.4319/lo.1998.43.5.0896|title=Fibrillar polysaccharides in marine macromolecular organic matter as imaged by atomic force microscopy and transmission electron microscopy}}</ref> and 2004 studies revealed that polymer gel particles, showed recent radiocarbon ages for carbohydrate enriched fractions, were abundant and crucial in marine ecosystems, significantly impacting carbon cycling sedimentation, and microbial habitats, and highlighted the need for further interdisciplinary research to understand their roles and dynamics.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0304420304001951|title=The oceanic gel phase: a bridge in the DOM–POM continuum}}</ref> Moreover, through his 2008 research, in collaboration with W.C. Chin, he examined the environmental impact of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs), finding that their surface properties, interactions with organic matter, and effects on biological cell walls significantly influence their behavior, bioavailability, uptake, and toxicity in algae, plants, and fungi.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10646-008-0214-0|title=Environmental behavior and ecotoxicity of engineered nanoparticles to algae, plants, and fungi}}</ref>
Santschi's 1995 paper examined the distribution and fluxes of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and colloidal organic carbon (COC) in the Gulf of Mexico and the Middle Atlantic Bight, revealing their vertical gradients, conservative mixing behavior, and size-dependent partitioning.<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://aslopubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.4319/lo.1995.40.8.1392|title=Dynamics of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in oceanic environments|first1=Laodong|last1=Guo|first2=Peter H.|last2=Santschi|first3=Kent W.|last3=Warnken|date=December 30, 1995|journal=Limnology and Oceanography|volume=40|issue=8|pages=1392–1403|via=CrossRef|doi=10.4319/lo.1995.40.8.1392}}</ref> In his exploration of cross-flow ultrafiltration in marine systems, his 2000 joint research with L Guo and others found that low molecular weight (LMW) molecules were significantly retained while high molecular weight (HMW) molecules showed minimal permeation, and recommended high concentration factors (>40) for effective isolation of marine colloids despite challenges in LMW retention.<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304420399000973|title=Re-examination of cross-flow ultrafiltration for sampling aquatic colloids: evidence from molecular probes|first1=Laodong|last1=Guo|first2=Liang-Saw|last2=Wen|first3=Degui|last3=Tang|first4=Peter H|last4=Santschi|date=March 1, 2000|journal=Marine Chemistry|volume=69|issue=1|pages=75–90|via=ScienceDirect|doi=10.1016/S0304-4203(99)00097-3}}</ref> Furthermore, his collaborative 1998<ref>{{Cite journal|url=http://doi.wiley.com/10.4319/lo.1998.43.5.0896|title=Fibrillar polysaccharides in marine macromolecular organic matter as imaged by atomic force microscopy and transmission electron microscopy|first1=Peter H.|last1=Santschi|first2=Eric|last2=Balnois|first3=Kevin J.|last3=Wilkinson|first4=Jingwu|last4=Zhang|first5=Jacques|last5=Buffle|first6=Laodong|last6=Guo|date=July 30, 1998|journal=Limnology and Oceanography|volume=43|issue=5|pages=896–908|via=CrossRef|doi=10.4319/lo.1998.43.5.0896}}</ref> and 2004 studies revealed that polymer gel particles, showed recent radiocarbon ages for carbohydrate enriched fractions, were abundant and crucial in marine ecosystems, significantly impacting carbon cycling sedimentation, and microbial habitats, and highlighted the need for further interdisciplinary research to understand their roles and dynamics.<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304420304001951|title=The oceanic gel phase: a bridge in the DOM–POM continuum|first1=Pedro|last1=Verdugo|first2=Alice L.|last2=Alldredge|first3=Farooq|last3=Azam|first4=David L.|last4=Kirchman|first5=Uta|last5=Passow|first6=Peter H.|last6=Santschi|date=December 1, 2004|journal=Marine Chemistry|volume=92|issue=1|pages=67–85|via=ScienceDirect|doi=10.1016/j.marchem.2004.06.017}}</ref> Moreover, through his 2008 research, in collaboration with W.C. Chin, he examined the environmental impact of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs), finding that their surface properties, interactions with organic matter, and effects on biological cell walls significantly influence their behavior, bioavailability, uptake, and toxicity in algae, plants, and fungi.<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-008-0214-0|title=Environmental behavior and ecotoxicity of engineered nanoparticles to algae, plants, and fungi|first1=Enrique|last1=Navarro|first2=Anders|last2=Baun|first3=Renata|last3=Behra|first4=Nanna B.|last4=Hartmann|first5=Juliane|last5=Filser|first6=Ai-Jun|last6=Miao|first7=Antonietta|last7=Quigg|first8=Peter H.|last8=Santschi|first9=Laura|last9=Sigg|date=July 1, 2008|journal=Ecotoxicology|volume=17|issue=5|pages=372–386|via=Springer Link|doi=10.1007/s10646-008-0214-0}}</ref>


In related research, Santschi and collaborators analyzed the impact of engineered nanoparticles on aquatic ecosystems, highlighting the role of algae-produced exopolymeric substances in mitigating toxicity and emphasizing the need for further research on ENPs' environmental fate and transport.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/sc400103x|title=Direct and Indirect Toxic Effects of Engineered Nanoparticles on Algae: Role of Natural Organic Matter}}</ref> Additionally, in his 2016 collaborative work with A Quigg and others, he reviewed the role of microbially produced extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in influencing the fate of oil and dispersants in the ocean and identified key knowledge gaps in understanding EPS production under different environmental conditions.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://aslopubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/lol2.10030|title=The role of microbial exopolymers in determining the fate of oil and chemical dispersants in the ocean}}</ref> More recently, he documented the widespread observation that when algae and bacteria are exposed to pollutants, in particular nanoparticles such as nano- and microplastics, they respond with secreting more protein-rich EPS. This lead him to propose in 2020 the protein to carbohydrate (P/C) ratio in EPS as a predictor for aggregation propensity of EPS.<<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0304420319302415#:~:text=Thus%2C%20the%20P%2FC%20ratio,coagulation%20efficiency%20of%20suspended%20particles.|title=Can the protein/carbohydrate (P/C) ratio of exopolymeric substances (EPS) be used as a proxy for their ‘stickiness’ and aggregation propensity?}}</ref>
In related research, Santschi and collaborators analyzed the impact of engineered nanoparticles on aquatic ecosystems, highlighting the role of algae-produced exopolymeric substances in mitigating toxicity and emphasizing the need for further research on ENPs' environmental fate and transport.<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/sc400103x|title=Direct and Indirect Toxic Effects of Engineered Nanoparticles on Algae: Role of Natural Organic Matter|first1=Antonietta|last1=Quigg|first2=Wei-Chun|last2=Chin|first3=Chi-Shuo|last3=Chen|first4=Saijin|last4=Zhang|first5=Yuelu|last5=Jiang|first6=Ai-Jun|last6=Miao|first7=Kathleen A.|last7=Schwehr|first8=Chen|last8=Xu|first9=Peter H.|last9=Santschi|date=July 1, 2013|journal=ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering|volume=1|issue=7|pages=686–702|via=CrossRef|doi=10.1021/sc400103x}}</ref> Additionally, in his 2016 collaborative work with A Quigg and others, he reviewed the role of microbially produced extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in influencing the fate of oil and dispersants in the ocean and identified key knowledge gaps in understanding EPS production under different environmental conditions.<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://aslopubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/lol2.10030|title=The role of microbial exopolymers in determining the fate of oil and chemical dispersants in the ocean|first1=Antonietta|last1=Quigg|first2=Uta|last2=Passow|first3=Wei‐Chun|last3=Chin|first4=Chen|last4=Xu|first5=Shawn|last5=Doyle|first6=Laura|last6=Bretherton|first7=Manoj|last7=Kamalanathan|first8=Alicia K.|last8=Williams|first9=Jason B.|last9=Sylvan|first10=Zoe V.|last10=Finkel|first11=Anthony H.|last11=Knap|first12=Kathleen A.|last12=Schwehr|first13=Saijin|last13=Zhang|first14=Luni|last14=Sun|first15=Terry L.|last15=Wade|first16=Wassim|last16=Obeid|first17=Patrick G.|last17=Hatcher|first18=Peter H.|last18=Santschi|date=December 30, 2016|journal=Limnology and Oceanography Letters|volume=1|issue=1|pages=3–26|via=CrossRef|doi=10.1002/lol2.10030}}</ref> More recently, he documented the widespread observation that when algae and bacteria are exposed to pollutants, in particular nanoparticles such as nano- and microplastics, they respond with secreting more protein-rich EPS. This lead him to propose in 2020 the protein to carbohydrate (P/C) ratio in EPS as a predictor for aggregation propensity of EPS.<<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304420319302415|title=Can the protein/carbohydrate (P/C) ratio of exopolymeric substances (EPS) be used as a proxy for their ‘stickiness’ and aggregation propensity?|first1=Peter H.|last1=Santschi|first2=Chen|last2=Xu|first3=Kathleen A.|last3=Schwehr|first4=Peng|last4=Lin|first5=Luni|last5=Sun|first6=Wei-Chun|last6=Chin|first7=Manoj|last7=Kamalanathan|first8=Hernando P.|last8=Bacosa|first9=Antonietta|last9=Quigg|date=January 20, 2020|journal=Marine Chemistry|volume=218|pages=103734|via=ScienceDirect|doi=10.1016/j.marchem.2019.103734}}</ref>


Santschi and his collaborators have continued to investigate radioactive elements relevant to environmental radiochemistry and geochronology. He made major contributions on the use of diverse radioisotopes, including Th-234/organic carbon ratios of sinking particles as predictors of new production, i.e., the removal of carbon from the surface ocean,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0304420310001180|title=Controls of 234Th removal from the oligotrophic ocean by polyuronic acids and modification by microbial activity}}</ref> the movement of long-lived I-229 through aquatic systems as an organic species,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0048969713001198|title=Novel Molecular-Level Evidence of Iodine Binding to Natural Organic Matter from Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry}}</ref> and to the organic matter association of plutonium.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.academia.edu/16799062/Evidence_for_hydroxamate_siderophores_and_other_N_containing_organic_compounds_controlling_239_240_Pu_immobilization_and_re_mobilization_in_a_wetland_sediment|title=Evidence for hydroxamate siderophores and other N-containing organic compounds controlling (239,240)Pu immobilization and re-mobilization in a wetland sediment}}</ref> Lately, in 2024, as part of a collaborative study, he investigated uranium distribution in a contaminated wetland at the Savannah River Site. The study found significantly higher uranium concentrations in the rhizosphere, attributed to enhanced binding with reactive iron (III) oxides formed by plant roots.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38547454/#:~:text=U%20concentrations%20were%20as%20much,significantly%20enriched%20in%20the%20rhizosphere.|title=Uranium Biogeochemistry in the Rhizosphere of a Contaminated Wetland}}</ref>
Santschi and his collaborators have continued to investigate radioactive elements relevant to environmental radiochemistry and geochronology. He made major contributions on the use of diverse radioisotopes, including Th-234/organic carbon ratios of sinking particles as predictors of new production, i.e., the removal of carbon from the surface ocean,<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304420310001180|title=Controls of 234Th removal from the oligotrophic ocean by polyuronic acids and modification by microbial activity|first1=Chen|last1=Xu|first2=Peter H.|last2=Santschi|first3=Chin-Chang|last3=Hung|first4=Saijin|last4=Zhang|first5=Kathleen A.|last5=Schwehr|first6=Kimberly A.|last6=Roberts|first7=Laodong|last7=Guo|first8=Gwo-Ching|last8=Gong|first9=Antonietta|last9=Quigg|first10=Richard A.|last10=Long|first11=James L.|last11=Pinckney|first12=Shuiwang|last12=Duan|first13=Rainer|last13=Amon|first14=Ching-Ling|last14=Wei|date=January 20, 2011|journal=Marine Chemistry|volume=123|issue=1|pages=111–126|via=ScienceDirect|doi=10.1016/j.marchem.2010.10.005}}</ref> the movement of long-lived I-229 through aquatic systems as an organic species,<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969713001198|title=Novel molecular-level evidence of iodine binding to natural organic matter from Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry|first1=Chen|last1=Xu|first2=Hongmei|last2=Chen|first3=Yuko|last3=Sugiyama|first4=Saijin|last4=Zhang|first5=Hsiu-Ping|last5=Li|first6=Yi-Fang|last6=Ho|first7=Chia-ying|last7=Chuang|first8=Kathleen A.|last8=Schwehr|first9=Daniel I.|last9=Kaplan|first10=Chris|last10=Yeager|first11=Kimberly A.|last11=Roberts|first12=Patrick G.|last12=Hatcher|first13=Peter H.|last13=Santschi|date=April 1, 2013|journal=Science of The Total Environment|volume=449|pages=244–252|via=ScienceDirect|doi=10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.01.064}}</ref> and to the organic matter association of plutonium.<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://www.academia.edu/16799062/Evidence_for_hydroxamate_siderophores_and_other_N_containing_organic_compounds_controlling_239_240_Pu_immobilization_and_re_mobilization_in_a_wetland_sediment|title=Evidence for hydroxamate siderophores and other N-containing organic compounds controlling (239,240)Pu immobilization and re-mobilization in a wetland sediment|first=Peter H.|last=Santschi|via=www.academia.edu}}</ref> Lately, in 2024, as part of a collaborative study, he investigated uranium distribution in a contaminated wetland at the Savannah River Site. The study found significantly higher uranium concentrations in the rhizosphere, attributed to enhanced binding with reactive iron (III) oxides formed by plant roots.<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38547454/#:~:text=U+concentrations+were+as+much,significantly+enriched+in+the+rhizosphere.|title=Uranium Biogeochemistry in the Rhizosphere of a Contaminated Wetland|first1=Daniel I.|last1=Kaplan|first2=Maxim I.|last2=Boyanov|first3=Nathaniel A.|last3=Losey|first4=Peng|last4=Lin|first5=Chen|last5=Xu|first6=Edward J.|last6=O'Loughlin|first7=Peter H.|last7=Santschi|first8=Wei|last8=Xing|first9=Wendy W.|last9=Kuhne|first10=Kenneth M.|last10=Kemner|date=April 9, 2024|journal=Environmental Science & Technology|volume=58|issue=14|pages=6381–6390|via=PubMed|doi=10.1021/acs.est.3c10481|pmid=38547454}}</ref>
==Selected articles==
==Selected articles==

Revision as of 07:08, 30 May 2024

Peter H. Santschi
Born
Switzerland
NationalityAmerican
Occupation(s)Marine scientist and an academic
Academic background
EducationB.S., Chemistry
M.S., Chemistry
Ph.D., Chemistry
Alma materGymnasium Bern
University of Bern
Academic work
InstitutionsTexas A&M University

Peter H. Santschi is an American marine scientist and an academic. He is the director of the Laboratory for Oceanographic and Environmental Research, adjunct senior research scientist at the Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory as well as a professor of oceanography and marine sciences at Texas A&M University.[1]

Santschi is most known for his works on marine and environmental chemistry, including environmental radiochemistry. His works have been cited in academic journals, including Environmental Science & Technology, Marine Chemistry, Science of the Total Environment, and Journal of Marine Research.[2] He was elected as a Fellow of the American Geophysical Union in 2014,[3] and Fellow of the Geochemical Society and the European Association of Geochemistry in 2017.[4]

Education

Santschi earned his B.S. in Chemistry from Gymnasium Bern in 1963. He subsequently completed his M.S. in Chemistry from the University of Bern in 1971, followed by a Ph.D. in Chemistry from the same institution in 1975.[1]

Career

Santschi began his academic career in 1968 as a lecturer in chemistry at Humboltianum Gymnasium, serving until 1970. From 1970 to 1975, he was a teaching and research assistant at the University of Bern. He then moved to Columbia University, where he was a research associate at the Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory from 1977 to 1981, followed by a position as a senior research scientist from 1981 to 1982. From 1983 to 1988, he has been an adjunct senior research scientist at the Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory, and since 1988, a professor of oceanography and marine sciences at Texas A&M University.[1] He was appointed a Regents Professor at Texas A&M University in 2009 and a Distinguished Professor at Texas A&M University in 2021.[5]

From 1983 to 1988, Santschi served as the head of the Isotope Geochemistry and Radiology Section at the Swiss Institute for Water Resources and Water Pollution Control. Additionally, he acted as the focal area coordinator for the Center for Shelf and Coastal Oceanography at the Texas Institute of Oceanography from 1992 to 2000.[6]

Research

Santschi's research interests span Environmental Chemistry, Biogeochemistry, and Radiochemistry, with emphasis on the role of colloidally sized macromolecular organic matter, especially microbially derived Exopolymeric Substances. In his early research, he investigated the distribution and removal dynamics of U-Th series radionuclides in Narragansett Bay, revealing that particulate matter and seasonal changes significantly influence their removal rates and concentrations.[7] While examining the partitioning of radioactive trace elements between seawater and particulate matter, his 1984 collaborative study found that Group I elements (group A and B type metals, except those in group II) reach a stable equilibrium quickly, while Group II (elements strongly sorbing to Mn and Fe oxide phases) elements show increasing incorporation into particulate matter over 108 days, indicating complex interactions.[8] In 1989, he, together with B. Honeyman, introduced the Brownian pumping model, which explained the sorption of thorium isotopes and metals in aquatic systems through colloidal coagulation with larger particles, successfully reconciling observed sorption characteristics with both field and laboratory data.[9] Furthermore, his 1990 study investigated the complex interactions of physical, chemical, and biological processes at the sediment-water interface. The study found that early diagenetic transformations driven by organic carbon and electron acceptors significantly influence elemental cycling and fluxes, with physical transport mechanisms and three-dimensional interactions playing crucial roles.[10]

Santschi's 1995 paper examined the distribution and fluxes of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and colloidal organic carbon (COC) in the Gulf of Mexico and the Middle Atlantic Bight, revealing their vertical gradients, conservative mixing behavior, and size-dependent partitioning.[11] In his exploration of cross-flow ultrafiltration in marine systems, his 2000 joint research with L Guo and others found that low molecular weight (LMW) molecules were significantly retained while high molecular weight (HMW) molecules showed minimal permeation, and recommended high concentration factors (>40) for effective isolation of marine colloids despite challenges in LMW retention.[12] Furthermore, his collaborative 1998[13] and 2004 studies revealed that polymer gel particles, showed recent radiocarbon ages for carbohydrate enriched fractions, were abundant and crucial in marine ecosystems, significantly impacting carbon cycling sedimentation, and microbial habitats, and highlighted the need for further interdisciplinary research to understand their roles and dynamics.[14] Moreover, through his 2008 research, in collaboration with W.C. Chin, he examined the environmental impact of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs), finding that their surface properties, interactions with organic matter, and effects on biological cell walls significantly influence their behavior, bioavailability, uptake, and toxicity in algae, plants, and fungi.[15]

In related research, Santschi and collaborators analyzed the impact of engineered nanoparticles on aquatic ecosystems, highlighting the role of algae-produced exopolymeric substances in mitigating toxicity and emphasizing the need for further research on ENPs' environmental fate and transport.[16] Additionally, in his 2016 collaborative work with A Quigg and others, he reviewed the role of microbially produced extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in influencing the fate of oil and dispersants in the ocean and identified key knowledge gaps in understanding EPS production under different environmental conditions.[17] More recently, he documented the widespread observation that when algae and bacteria are exposed to pollutants, in particular nanoparticles such as nano- and microplastics, they respond with secreting more protein-rich EPS. This lead him to propose in 2020 the protein to carbohydrate (P/C) ratio in EPS as a predictor for aggregation propensity of EPS.<[18]

Santschi and his collaborators have continued to investigate radioactive elements relevant to environmental radiochemistry and geochronology. He made major contributions on the use of diverse radioisotopes, including Th-234/organic carbon ratios of sinking particles as predictors of new production, i.e., the removal of carbon from the surface ocean,[19] the movement of long-lived I-229 through aquatic systems as an organic species,[20] and to the organic matter association of plutonium.[21] Lately, in 2024, as part of a collaborative study, he investigated uranium distribution in a contaminated wetland at the Savannah River Site. The study found significantly higher uranium concentrations in the rhizosphere, attributed to enhanced binding with reactive iron (III) oxides formed by plant roots.[22]

Selected articles

  • Nyffeler, U. P., Li, Y. H., & Santschi, P. H. (1984). A kinetic approach to describe trace-element distribution between particles and solution in natural aquatic systems. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 48(7), 1513-1522.
  • Honeyman, B. D., & Santschi, P. H. (1988). Metals in aquatic systems. Environmental science & technology, 22(8), 862-871.
  • Santschi, P., Höhener, P., Benoit, G., & Buchholtz-ten Brink, M. (1990). Chemical processes at the sediment-water interface. Marine chemistry, 30, 269-315.
  • Verdugo, P., Alldredge, A. L., Azam, F., Kirchman, D. L., Passow, U., & Santschi, P. H. (2004). The oceanic gel phase: a bridge in the DOM–POM continuum. Marine chemistry, 92(1-4), 67-85.
  • Navarro, E., Baun, A., Behra, R., Hartmann, N. B., Filser, J., Miao, A. J., ... & Sigg, L. (2008). Environmental behavior and ecotoxicity of engineered nanoparticles to algae, plants, and fungi. Ecotoxicology, 17, 372-386.

References

  1. ^ a b c "Peter SANTSCHI | Professor (Full) | Dr. Phil. II (Ph.D.) | Texas A&M University - Galveston, Texas | TAMUG | Department of MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL COASTAL SCIENCE | Research profile".
  2. ^ "Peter H. Santschi". scholar.google.com.
  3. ^ "American Geophysical Union Announces 2014 Fellows". AGU Newsroom.
  4. ^ "Geochemistry Fellows | European Association of Geochemistry".
  5. ^ "The University Distinguished Professors | Texas A&M University". facultyaffairs.tamu.edu.
  6. ^ "List of Participants" (PDF).
  7. ^ Santschi, Peter Hans; Li, Yuan-Hui; Bell, Joy (October 1, 1979). "Natural radionuclides in the water of Narragansett Bay". Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 45 (1): 201–213. doi:10.1016/0012-821X(79)90121-3 – via ScienceDirect.
  8. ^ Nyffeler, Urs P; Li, Yuan-Hui; Santschi, Peter H (July 1, 1984). "A kinetic approach to describe trace-element distribution between particles and solution in natural aquatic systems". Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. 48 (7): 1513–1522. doi:10.1016/0016-7037(84)90407-1 – via ScienceDirect.
  9. ^ Honeyman, B.; Santschi, P. (January 1, 1989). "A Brownian-pumping model for oceanic trace metal scavenging: Evidence from Th isotopes". Journal of Marine Research. 47 (4).
  10. ^ Santschi, Peter; Höhener, Patrick; Benoit, Gaboury; Buchholtz-ten Brink, Marilyn (January 1, 1990). "Chemical processes at the sediment-water interface". Marine Chemistry. 30: 269–315. doi:10.1016/0304-4203(90)90076-O – via ScienceDirect.
  11. ^ Guo, Laodong; Santschi, Peter H.; Warnken, Kent W. (December 30, 1995). "Dynamics of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in oceanic environments". Limnology and Oceanography. 40 (8): 1392–1403. doi:10.4319/lo.1995.40.8.1392 – via CrossRef.
  12. ^ Guo, Laodong; Wen, Liang-Saw; Tang, Degui; Santschi, Peter H (March 1, 2000). "Re-examination of cross-flow ultrafiltration for sampling aquatic colloids: evidence from molecular probes". Marine Chemistry. 69 (1): 75–90. doi:10.1016/S0304-4203(99)00097-3 – via ScienceDirect.
  13. ^ Santschi, Peter H.; Balnois, Eric; Wilkinson, Kevin J.; Zhang, Jingwu; Buffle, Jacques; Guo, Laodong (July 30, 1998). "Fibrillar polysaccharides in marine macromolecular organic matter as imaged by atomic force microscopy and transmission electron microscopy". Limnology and Oceanography. 43 (5): 896–908. doi:10.4319/lo.1998.43.5.0896 – via CrossRef.
  14. ^ Verdugo, Pedro; Alldredge, Alice L.; Azam, Farooq; Kirchman, David L.; Passow, Uta; Santschi, Peter H. (December 1, 2004). "The oceanic gel phase: a bridge in the DOM–POM continuum". Marine Chemistry. 92 (1): 67–85. doi:10.1016/j.marchem.2004.06.017 – via ScienceDirect.
  15. ^ Navarro, Enrique; Baun, Anders; Behra, Renata; Hartmann, Nanna B.; Filser, Juliane; Miao, Ai-Jun; Quigg, Antonietta; Santschi, Peter H.; Sigg, Laura (July 1, 2008). "Environmental behavior and ecotoxicity of engineered nanoparticles to algae, plants, and fungi". Ecotoxicology. 17 (5): 372–386. doi:10.1007/s10646-008-0214-0 – via Springer Link.
  16. ^ Quigg, Antonietta; Chin, Wei-Chun; Chen, Chi-Shuo; Zhang, Saijin; Jiang, Yuelu; Miao, Ai-Jun; Schwehr, Kathleen A.; Xu, Chen; Santschi, Peter H. (July 1, 2013). "Direct and Indirect Toxic Effects of Engineered Nanoparticles on Algae: Role of Natural Organic Matter". ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering. 1 (7): 686–702. doi:10.1021/sc400103x – via CrossRef.
  17. ^ Quigg, Antonietta; Passow, Uta; Chin, Wei‐Chun; Xu, Chen; Doyle, Shawn; Bretherton, Laura; Kamalanathan, Manoj; Williams, Alicia K.; Sylvan, Jason B.; Finkel, Zoe V.; Knap, Anthony H.; Schwehr, Kathleen A.; Zhang, Saijin; Sun, Luni; Wade, Terry L.; Obeid, Wassim; Hatcher, Patrick G.; Santschi, Peter H. (December 30, 2016). "The role of microbial exopolymers in determining the fate of oil and chemical dispersants in the ocean". Limnology and Oceanography Letters. 1 (1): 3–26. doi:10.1002/lol2.10030 – via CrossRef.
  18. ^ Santschi, Peter H.; Xu, Chen; Schwehr, Kathleen A.; Lin, Peng; Sun, Luni; Chin, Wei-Chun; Kamalanathan, Manoj; Bacosa, Hernando P.; Quigg, Antonietta (January 20, 2020). "Can the protein/carbohydrate (P/C) ratio of exopolymeric substances (EPS) be used as a proxy for their 'stickiness' and aggregation propensity?". Marine Chemistry. 218: 103734. doi:10.1016/j.marchem.2019.103734 – via ScienceDirect.
  19. ^ Xu, Chen; Santschi, Peter H.; Hung, Chin-Chang; Zhang, Saijin; Schwehr, Kathleen A.; Roberts, Kimberly A.; Guo, Laodong; Gong, Gwo-Ching; Quigg, Antonietta; Long, Richard A.; Pinckney, James L.; Duan, Shuiwang; Amon, Rainer; Wei, Ching-Ling (January 20, 2011). "Controls of 234Th removal from the oligotrophic ocean by polyuronic acids and modification by microbial activity". Marine Chemistry. 123 (1): 111–126. doi:10.1016/j.marchem.2010.10.005 – via ScienceDirect.
  20. ^ Xu, Chen; Chen, Hongmei; Sugiyama, Yuko; Zhang, Saijin; Li, Hsiu-Ping; Ho, Yi-Fang; Chuang, Chia-ying; Schwehr, Kathleen A.; Kaplan, Daniel I.; Yeager, Chris; Roberts, Kimberly A.; Hatcher, Patrick G.; Santschi, Peter H. (April 1, 2013). "Novel molecular-level evidence of iodine binding to natural organic matter from Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry". Science of The Total Environment. 449: 244–252. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.01.064 – via ScienceDirect.
  21. ^ Santschi, Peter H. "Evidence for hydroxamate siderophores and other N-containing organic compounds controlling (239,240)Pu immobilization and re-mobilization in a wetland sediment" – via www.academia.edu. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  22. ^ Kaplan, Daniel I.; Boyanov, Maxim I.; Losey, Nathaniel A.; Lin, Peng; Xu, Chen; O'Loughlin, Edward J.; Santschi, Peter H.; Xing, Wei; Kuhne, Wendy W.; Kemner, Kenneth M. (April 9, 2024). "Uranium Biogeochemistry in the Rhizosphere of a Contaminated Wetland". Environmental Science & Technology. 58 (14): 6381–6390. doi:10.1021/acs.est.3c10481. PMID 38547454 – via PubMed.
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