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[[File:Kizuna AI artwork.png|thumb|A representation of [[Kizuna AI]], a Japanese virtual YouTube host, or VTuber for short|alt=Kizuna AI]]
[[File:Kizuna AI artwork.png|thumb|A representation of [[Kizuna AI]], a Japanese virtual YouTube host, or VTuber for short|alt=Kizuna AI]]
A '''virtual influencer''', at times described as a '''virtual persona''' or '''virtual model''', is a computer-generated fictional character that can be used for a variety of marketing-related purposes, but most frequently for [[social media marketing]], in lieu of human "[[influencers]]". Most virtual influencers are designed using computer graphics and motion capture technology to resemble real people in realistic situations.<ref>{{cite news|last=Hsu|first=Tiffany|date=2019-06-17|title=These Influencers Aren't Flesh and Blood, Yet Millions Follow Them|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/06/17/business/media/miquela-virtual-influencer.html|access-date=2021-01-13}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Tayenaka|first=Torrey|date=2020-07-31|title=CGI-Created Virtual Influencers Are the New Trend in Social Media Marketing|url=https://www.entrepreneur.com/article/352937|access-date=2021-01-13|website=Entrepreneur|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Inside the mind of virtual influencer Rae: "If I want, almost everything I imagine can become a reality"|url=https://sg.news.yahoo.com/inside-the-mind-of-virtual-influencer-rae-sbtg-singapore-reality-032439601.html|access-date=2021-01-13|website=sg.news.yahoo.com|date=30 December 2020 |language=en-SG}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine|title=The Rise of the Virtual Being|language=en-us|magazine=Wired|url=https://www.wired.com/story/get-wired-podcast-3-virtual-beings/|access-date=2021-01-13|issn=1059-1028}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Fixing Social Media – MAS S.67 // Spring 2020|url=http://index.html/|access-date=2021-01-13|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vogue.com/article/sinead-bovell-model-artificial-intelligence|title=I Am a Model and I Know That Artificial Intelligence Will Eventually Take My Job|date=Jul 21, 2020|website=Vogue}}</ref> Common derivatives of virtual influencers include [[VTuber|VTubers]], which broadly refer to online entertainers and YouTubers who represent themselves using virtual avatars instead of their physical selves. In addition to their roles in marketing, some virtual influencers are also used in educational and therapeutic contexts, providing interactive experiences for users.
A '''virtual influencer''', at times described as a '''virtual persona''' or '''virtual model''', is a computer-generated fictional character that can be used for a variety of marketing-related purposes, but most frequently for [[social media marketing]], in lieu of human "[[influencers]]". Most virtual influencers are designed using computer graphics and motion capture technology to resemble real people in realistic situations.<ref>{{cite news|last=Hsu|first=Tiffany|date=2019-06-17|title=These Influencers Aren't Flesh and Blood, Yet Millions Follow Them|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/06/17/business/media/miquela-virtual-influencer.html|access-date=2021-01-13}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Tayenaka|first=Torrey|date=2020-07-31|title=CGI-Created Virtual Influencers Are the New Trend in Social Media Marketing|url=https://www.entrepreneur.com/article/352937|access-date=2021-01-13|website=Entrepreneur|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Inside the mind of virtual influencer Rae: "If I want, almost everything I imagine can become a reality"|url=https://sg.news.yahoo.com/inside-the-mind-of-virtual-influencer-rae-sbtg-singapore-reality-032439601.html|access-date=2021-01-13|website=sg.news.yahoo.com|date=30 December 2020 |language=en-SG}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine|title=The Rise of the Virtual Being|language=en-us|magazine=Wired|url=https://www.wired.com/story/get-wired-podcast-3-virtual-beings/|access-date=2021-01-13|issn=1059-1028}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Fixing Social Media – MAS S.67 // Spring 2020|url=http://index.html/|access-date=2021-01-13|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vogue.com/article/sinead-bovell-model-artificial-intelligence|title=I Am a Model and I Know That Artificial Intelligence Will Eventually Take My Job|date=Jul 21, 2020|website=Vogue}}</ref> Common derivatives of virtual influencers include [[VTuber|VTubers]], which broadly refer to online entertainers and YouTubers who represent themselves using virtual avatars instead of their physical selves. In addition to their roles in marketing, some virtual influencers are also used in educational and therapeutic contexts, providing interactive experiences for users.

'''Rise of AI-Generated Influencers:''' In 2024, there has been a significant increase in the development of [[Generative artificial intelligence|AI-generated]] influencers. Companies like Replika and Synthesia are leveraging artificial intelligence to create highly interactive and personalized virtual personas that engage with audiences in real time<ref>{{Cite web |last=More |first=Swapnil |date=2023-08-04 |title=Virtual Influencers: Unleashing the Power of Digital Persona in Marketing |url=https://medium.com/@ssmore101/virtual-influencers-unleashing-the-power-of-digital-persona-in-marketing-14d0887ab5bc |access-date=2024-05-30 |website=Medium |language=en}}</ref>.

'''Virtual Influencers in the Metaverse:''' With the growing popularity of the [[metaverse]], virtual influencers are finding new platforms for engagement. In 2022, virtual influencer Lil Miquela hosted events and interacted with users within virtual worlds like Decentraland and The Sandbox, marking a new era of immersive [[influencer marketing]].

'''Collaboration with Major Brands:''' Virtual influencers have continued to secure high-profile collaborations with global brands. In 2023, virtual influencer [[Shudu Gram|Shudu]] partnered with luxury fashion house Balmain for a digital fashion campaign<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tietjen |first=Alexa |date=2018-06-13 |title=Shudu: Fashion’s First Avatar Supermodel? |url=https://wwd.com/eye/people/shudu-digital-fashion-model-avatar-1202683320/ |access-date=2024-05-30 |website=WWD |language=en-US}}</ref>, highlighting the increasing acceptance and integration of virtual personas in mainstream advertising.

'''Impact on Consumer Behavior:''' A study published in the Journal of Digital Marketing in 2022 found that virtual influencers can be more effective than human influencers in certain contexts, particularly in reaching younger, tech-savvy audiences. The study showed that virtual influencers often generate higher engagement rates and can help brands appear more innovative and cutting-edge.

'''Regulatory Developments:''' As virtual influencers become more prevalent, regulatory bodies are beginning to address the ethical and transparency issues they raise. In 2023, the [[Federal Trade Commission]] (FTC) in the United States issued new guidelines for virtual influencers<ref>{{Cite web |last=LLM |first=Ali Talip Pınarbaşı, CIPP/E, & |date=2024-02-02 |title=FTC Requirements For Influencers: Guidelines and Rules |url=https://termly.io/resources/articles/ftc-requirements-for-influencers/ |access-date=2024-05-30 |website=Termly |language=en}}</ref>, emphasizing the need for clear disclosure when content is sponsored and ensuring that virtual influencers do not mislead consumers.

'''Educational and Therapeutic Uses:''' Beyond marketing, virtual influencers are increasingly being used in educational and therapeutic contexts. For instance, in 2022, the University of Tokyo introduced a virtual teaching assistant named Yumi, who helps students with their coursework and provides mental health support. Similarly, virtual influencers are being utilized in therapy apps to provide companionship and support to users dealing with anxiety and depression.

These recent updates reflect the evolving landscape of virtual influencers and their expanding roles across various sectors.


== History ==
== History ==

Revision as of 09:54, 30 May 2024

Kizuna AI
A representation of Kizuna AI, a Japanese virtual YouTube host, or VTuber for short

A virtual influencer, at times described as a virtual persona or virtual model, is a computer-generated fictional character that can be used for a variety of marketing-related purposes, but most frequently for social media marketing, in lieu of human "influencers". Most virtual influencers are designed using computer graphics and motion capture technology to resemble real people in realistic situations.[1][2][3][4][5][6] Common derivatives of virtual influencers include VTubers, which broadly refer to online entertainers and YouTubers who represent themselves using virtual avatars instead of their physical selves. In addition to their roles in marketing, some virtual influencers are also used in educational and therapeutic contexts, providing interactive experiences for users.

Rise of AI-Generated Influencers: In 2024, there has been a significant increase in the development of AI-generated influencers. Companies like Replika and Synthesia are leveraging artificial intelligence to create highly interactive and personalized virtual personas that engage with audiences in real time[7].

Virtual Influencers in the Metaverse: With the growing popularity of the metaverse, virtual influencers are finding new platforms for engagement. In 2022, virtual influencer Lil Miquela hosted events and interacted with users within virtual worlds like Decentraland and The Sandbox, marking a new era of immersive influencer marketing.

Collaboration with Major Brands: Virtual influencers have continued to secure high-profile collaborations with global brands. In 2023, virtual influencer Shudu partnered with luxury fashion house Balmain for a digital fashion campaign[8], highlighting the increasing acceptance and integration of virtual personas in mainstream advertising.

Impact on Consumer Behavior: A study published in the Journal of Digital Marketing in 2022 found that virtual influencers can be more effective than human influencers in certain contexts, particularly in reaching younger, tech-savvy audiences. The study showed that virtual influencers often generate higher engagement rates and can help brands appear more innovative and cutting-edge.

Regulatory Developments: As virtual influencers become more prevalent, regulatory bodies are beginning to address the ethical and transparency issues they raise. In 2023, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) in the United States issued new guidelines for virtual influencers[9], emphasizing the need for clear disclosure when content is sponsored and ensuring that virtual influencers do not mislead consumers.

Educational and Therapeutic Uses: Beyond marketing, virtual influencers are increasingly being used in educational and therapeutic contexts. For instance, in 2022, the University of Tokyo introduced a virtual teaching assistant named Yumi, who helps students with their coursework and provides mental health support. Similarly, virtual influencers are being utilized in therapy apps to provide companionship and support to users dealing with anxiety and depression.

These recent updates reflect the evolving landscape of virtual influencers and their expanding roles across various sectors.

History

Virtual influencers are fundamentally synonymous with virtual idols, which originate from Japan's anime and Japanese idol culture that dates back to the 1980s.[10] The first virtual idol created was Lynn Minmay, a fictional singer and main character of the anime television series Super Dimension Fortress Macross (1982) and the animated film adaptation Macross: Do You Remember Love? (1984). Minmay's success led to the production of more Japanese virtual idols, such as EVE from the Japanese cyberpunk anime Megazone 23 (1985), and Sharon Apple in Macross Plus (1994).[11][12] Virtual idols were not always well received – in 1995, Japanese talent agency Horipro created Kyoko Date, which was inspired by the Macross franchise and dating sim games such as Tokimeki Memorial (1994). Date failed to gain commercial success despite drawing headlines for her debut as a CGI idol, largely due to technical limitations leading to issues such as unnatural movements, an issue also known as the uncanny valley.[13][14] Virtual idols have influenced the development of digital entertainment, inspiring the creation of virtual concerts and holographic performances.

Since their inception, many virtual idols created have achieved continual success, with notable names including the Vocaloid singer Hatsune Miku, and the virtual YouTuber Kizuna AI. Technological advancements have also enabled production teams to use artificial intelligence and advanced techniques to customize the personalities and behavior of virtual idols.[15] Technological advancements have also enabled virtual influencers to engage in real-time interactions with fans, using AI to respond to comments and messages on social media.

Benefits

From a branding perspective, virtual influencers are much less likely to be mired in scandals. In China, celebrities caught in bad publicity such as singer Wang Leehom and entertainer Kris Wu have heightened the appeal of virtual influencers, since their existence relies entirely on computer-generated imagery, and hence are unlikely to cause any damage to a brand's image by association.[16] Some studies have also suggested that Generation Z consumers have a unique appetite for virtual idols and influencers, since they grew up in the age of the internet.[17] Studies also show that human-like appearance of virtual influencers show higher message credibility than anime-like virtual influencers.[18] Furthermore, virtual influencers offer brands the ability to maintain complete creative control over their campaigns, ensuring consistent and on-brand messaging.

Notable examples

Virtual bands

  • Eternity - A South Korean virtual idol group formed by Pulse9.
  • Gorillaz - A British virtual band formed in 1998.
  • K/DA - A virtual K-pop girl group created as part of the League of Legends video game franchise.[19]
  • MAVE: - A South Korean virtual girl group formed in 2023 by Metaverse Entertainment.
  • Pentakill - A virtual heavy metal band created as part of the League of Legends video game franchise.
  • Plave (band) - A South Korean virtual boy band formed by VLast.
  • Squid Sisters and Off the Hook - Two virtual pop idol duos as part of the Splatoon series.
  • Studio Killers - A Finnish-Danish-British virtual band formed in 2011.

Virtual Instagram Influencers

Vocaloids

VTubers

Other examples

See also

References

  1. ^ Hsu, Tiffany (17 June 2019). "These Influencers Aren't Flesh and Blood, Yet Millions Follow Them". The New York Times. Retrieved 13 January 2021.
  2. ^ Tayenaka, Torrey (31 July 2020). "CGI-Created Virtual Influencers Are the New Trend in Social Media Marketing". Entrepreneur. Retrieved 13 January 2021.
  3. ^ "Inside the mind of virtual influencer Rae: "If I want, almost everything I imagine can become a reality"". sg.news.yahoo.com. 30 December 2020. Retrieved 13 January 2021.
  4. ^ "The Rise of the Virtual Being". Wired. ISSN 1059-1028. Retrieved 13 January 2021.
  5. ^ "Fixing Social Media – MAS S.67 // Spring 2020". Retrieved 13 January 2021.
  6. ^ "I Am a Model and I Know That Artificial Intelligence Will Eventually Take My Job". Vogue. 21 July 2020.
  7. ^ More, Swapnil (4 August 2023). "Virtual Influencers: Unleashing the Power of Digital Persona in Marketing". Medium. Retrieved 30 May 2024.
  8. ^ Tietjen, Alexa (13 June 2018). "Shudu: Fashion's First Avatar Supermodel?". WWD. Retrieved 30 May 2024.
  9. ^ LLM, Ali Talip Pınarbaşı, CIPP/E, & (2 February 2024). "FTC Requirements For Influencers: Guidelines and Rules". Termly. Retrieved 30 May 2024.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  10. ^ "The Fictional (Yet Amazingly Popular) Singers of Japan". Kotaku. 7 September 2012. Retrieved 4 February 2022.
  11. ^ Clements, Jonathan; McCarthy, Helen (2015). The anime encyclopedia : a century of Japanese animation. Berkeley, California. ISBN 978-1-61172-909-2. OCLC 904144859.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  12. ^ Rattray, Tim (June 25, 2018). "From Macross to Miku: A History of Virtual Idols". Crunchyroll.
  13. ^ St. Michel, Patrick (15 July 2016). "A Brief History of Virtual Pop Stars". Pitchfork. Retrieved 4 February 2022.
  14. ^ "Japan's Newest Heartthrobs Are Sexy, Talented and Virtual". archive.nytimes.com. Retrieved 4 February 2022.
  15. ^ "Virtual influencers 101: A guide for small and medium business owners". NCR. Retrieved 4 October 2021.
  16. ^ "China's virtual idols are reshaping the ways brands reach Gen Z consumers". KrASIA. 28 January 2022. Retrieved 4 February 2022.
  17. ^ "艾媒咨询|2021中国虚拟偶像行业发展及网民调查研究报告(附下载)-艾媒网". www.iimedia.cn. Retrieved 4 February 2022.
  18. ^ Kim, Eunjin (Anna); Kim, Donggyu; E, Zihang; Shoenberger, Heather (2023). "The next hype in social media advertising: Examining virtual influencers' brand endorsement effectiveness". Frontiers in Psychology. 14. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1089051. PMC 10026852. PMID 36949930.
  19. ^ "Riot Games adds to its world of virtual influencers who promote 'League of Legends'". Engadget. 4 September 2020. Retrieved 4 October 2021.
  20. ^ Tiffany, Kaitlyn (3 June 2019). "Virtual influencers have got to be a fad — right?". Vox. Retrieved 25 May 2024.
  21. ^ "Nomura Hires Virtual Influencer to Coax Japan's Young Investors". 4 August 2023.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
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