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Sources:<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Adams |first=R. D. |last2=Kean |first2=R. J. |date=1974-09-30 |title=The Dunedin earthquake, 9 April 1974: Part 1: seismological studies |url=https://bulletin.nzsee.org.nz/index.php/bnzsee/article/view/1230 |journal=Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering |language=en |volume=7 |issue=3 |pages=115–122 |doi=10.5459/bnzsee.7.3.115-122 |issn=2324-1543}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The Dunedin Earthquake, 9 April 1974 Part 1 |url=https://bulletin.nzsee.org.nz/index.php/bnzsee/article/view/1230/1194 |access-date=14 June 2024 |website=New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering |
Sources:<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Adams |first=R. D. |last2=Kean |first2=R. J. |date=1974-09-30 |title=The Dunedin earthquake, 9 April 1974: Part 1: seismological studies |url=https://bulletin.nzsee.org.nz/index.php/bnzsee/article/view/1230 |journal=Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering |language=en |volume=7 |issue=3 |pages=115–122 |doi=10.5459/bnzsee.7.3.115-122 |issn=2324-1543}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The Dunedin Earthquake, 9 April 1974 Part 1 |url=https://bulletin.nzsee.org.nz/index.php/bnzsee/article/view/1230/1194 |access-date=14 June 2024 |website=New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering}}</ref> |
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== Earthquake == |
== Earthquake == |
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Dunedin was hit by an earthquake at about 7.49pm on 9 April 1974.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |last=Gorman |first=Paul |date=14 July 2016 |title=Could Dunedin be hit by a large, local earthquake? |url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/science/81763237/could-dunedin-be-hit-by-a-large-local-earthquake |access-date=14 June 2024 |work=[[Stuff (website)|Stuff]]}}</ref> Another earthquake struck the city a few seconds later, which was longer and stronger.<ref name=":1" /> It was magnitude 4.9 (there is scientific debate about whether it was 4.9 or 5.0<ref name=":3">{{Cite news |last=Gorman |first=Paul |date=26 September 2020 |title=The day the earth moved |url=https://www.odt.co.nz/lifestyle/magazine/day-earth-moved |access-date=14 June 2024 |work=[[The Otago Daily Times]]}}</ref>)<ref name=":2">{{Cite news |date=18 September 2010 |title=The last good shake |url=https://www.odt.co.nz/lifestyle/magazine/last-good-shake |access-date=14 June 2024 |work=[[Otago Daily Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Magnitude 4.9, Tue Apr 9 1974 7:49 PM |url=https://www.geonet.org.nz/earthquake/1555709 |access-date=14 June 2024 |website=[[GeoNet]] |language=en}}</ref> and measured VIII (''Severe'') or VII (''Very strong'') on the [[Modified Mercalli intensity scale]] (sources vary),<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Littlewood |first=Matthew |date=8 April 2024 |title=Information event to commemorate earthquake |url=https://www.odt.co.nz/news/dunedin/information-event-commemorate-earthquake |access-date=14 June 2024 |website=[[Otago Daily Times]] |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":3" /> and had an epicentre that was offshore, about 5 kilometres south of the suburb of [[St Clair, New Zealand|St Clair]],<ref name=":1" /> and had a depth of 12 kilometres.<ref name=":2" /> This one caused power outages and chimneys to fall down,<ref name=":1" /> and an overloaded telephone system. It was also reported to have caused broken windows and cracks in "a number" of buildings.<ref name=":2" /> There were aftershocks at 8.20pm and 9.50pm, which a magnitude 3.7.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":3" /> It took about 45 minutes for power to be restored to [[Corstorphine, New Zealand|Corstorphine]].<ref name=":2" /> Seismologists are not entirely sure which fault the earthquake was located on.<ref name=":3" /> It is believed to have been on the [[Green Island Fault]], as it is the closest to the epicentre.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> A peak ground acceleration of 0.27g was measured in St Clair.<ref name=":3" /> |
Dunedin was hit by an earthquake at about 7.49pm on 9 April 1974.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |last=Gorman |first=Paul |date=14 July 2016 |title=Could Dunedin be hit by a large, local earthquake? |url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/science/81763237/could-dunedin-be-hit-by-a-large-local-earthquake |access-date=14 June 2024 |work=[[Stuff (website)|Stuff]]}}</ref> Another earthquake struck the city a few seconds later, which was longer and stronger.<ref name=":1" /> It was magnitude 4.9 (there is scientific debate about whether it was 4.9 or 5.0<ref name=":3">{{Cite news |last=Gorman |first=Paul |date=26 September 2020 |title=The day the earth moved |url=https://www.odt.co.nz/lifestyle/magazine/day-earth-moved |access-date=14 June 2024 |work=[[The Otago Daily Times]]}}</ref>)<ref name=":2">{{Cite news |date=18 September 2010 |title=The last good shake |url=https://www.odt.co.nz/lifestyle/magazine/last-good-shake |access-date=14 June 2024 |work=[[Otago Daily Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Magnitude 4.9, Tue Apr 9 1974 7:49 PM |url=https://www.geonet.org.nz/earthquake/1555709 |access-date=14 June 2024 |website=[[GeoNet]] |language=en}}</ref> and measured VIII (''Severe'') or VII (''Very strong'') on the [[Modified Mercalli intensity scale]] (sources vary),<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Littlewood |first=Matthew |date=8 April 2024 |title=Information event to commemorate earthquake |url=https://www.odt.co.nz/news/dunedin/information-event-commemorate-earthquake |access-date=14 June 2024 |website=[[Otago Daily Times]] |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":3" /> and had an epicentre that was offshore, about 5 kilometres south of the suburb of [[St Clair, New Zealand|St Clair]],<ref name=":1" /> and had a depth of 12 kilometres.<ref name=":2" /> This one caused power outages and chimneys to fall down,<ref name=":1" /> and an overloaded telephone system. It was also reported to have caused broken windows and cracks in "a number" of buildings.<ref name=":2" /> There were aftershocks at 8.20pm and 9.50pm, which a magnitude 3.7.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":3" /> It took about 45 minutes for power to be restored to [[Corstorphine, New Zealand|Corstorphine]].<ref name=":2" /> Seismologists are not entirely sure which fault the earthquake was located on.<ref name=":3" /> It is believed to have been on the [[Green Island Fault]], as it is the closest to the epicentre.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> A peak ground acceleration of 0.27g was measured in St Clair.<ref name=":3" /> |
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The Earthquake and War Damage Commission received about 3,000 damage claims,<ref name=":1" /> and paid out about $3.5 million (in 2024 terms), which was mainly from falling chimneys and masonry.<ref name=":0" /> |
The Earthquake and War Damage Commission received about 3,000 damage claims,<ref name=":1" /> and paid out about $3.5 million (in 2024 terms), which was mainly from falling chimneys and masonry.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=March 2005 |title=Seismic Risk in the Otago Region |url=https://www.orc.govt.nz/media/2907/seismic-risk-in-the-otago-region-with-maps.pdf |access-date=14 June 2024 |website=[[Otago Regional Council]] |pages=21-22}}</ref> Claims also included plumbing damage interior plaster being cracked.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" /> Damage was mostly minor.<ref name=":2" /> |
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On the 50th anniversary of the earthquake an event was held, which included a short film about the earthquake, which was made by a student of Otago University.<ref name=":0" /> |
On the 50th anniversary of the earthquake an event was held, which included a short film about the earthquake, which was made by a student of Otago University.<ref name=":0" /> |
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Revision as of 07:38, 14 June 2024
Earthquake
Dunedin was hit by an earthquake at about 7.49pm on 9 April 1974.[3] Another earthquake struck the city a few seconds later, which was longer and stronger.[3] It was magnitude 4.9 (there is scientific debate about whether it was 4.9 or 5.0[4])[5][6] and measured VIII (Severe) or VII (Very strong) on the Modified Mercalli intensity scale (sources vary),[7][4] and had an epicentre that was offshore, about 5 kilometres south of the suburb of St Clair,[3] and had a depth of 12 kilometres.[5] This one caused power outages and chimneys to fall down,[3] and an overloaded telephone system. It was also reported to have caused broken windows and cracks in "a number" of buildings.[5] There were aftershocks at 8.20pm and 9.50pm, which a magnitude 3.7.[3][4] It took about 45 minutes for power to be restored to Corstorphine.[5] Seismologists are not entirely sure which fault the earthquake was located on.[4] It is believed to have been on the Green Island Fault, as it is the closest to the epicentre.[5][4] A peak ground acceleration of 0.27g was measured in St Clair.[4]
The Earthquake and War Damage Commission received about 3,000 damage claims,[3] and paid out about $3.5 million (in 2024 terms), which was mainly from falling chimneys and masonry.[7][8] Claims also included plumbing damage interior plaster being cracked.[4][8] Damage was mostly minor.[5]
On the 50th anniversary of the earthquake an event was held, which included a short film about the earthquake, which was made by a student of Otago University.[7]
As of 1990, it is the strongest earthquake to hit Dunedin since it was founded in the 1840s.[4]
False alarms from automatic warning systems caused all of Dunedin's available fire appliances to be dispatched.[4]
Side note: 1957 earthquake (delete this later)
After the earthquake on 2 December 1957, the Otago Daily Times reported that "a rumour quickly spread that a Russian satellite had landed on St Clair beach. After receiving many telephone calls, a group of reporters hastened to investigate, but only a blank stretch of sand and the rolling ocean greeted them."[4]
References
- ^ Adams, R. D.; Kean, R. J. (30 September 1974). "The Dunedin earthquake, 9 April 1974: Part 1: seismological studies". Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering. 7 (3): 115–122. doi:10.5459/bnzsee.7.3.115-122. ISSN 2324-1543.
- ^ "The Dunedin Earthquake, 9 April 1974 Part 1". New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering. Retrieved 14 June 2024.
- ^ a b c d e f Gorman, Paul (14 July 2016). "Could Dunedin be hit by a large, local earthquake?". Stuff. Retrieved 14 June 2024.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Gorman, Paul (26 September 2020). "The day the earth moved". The Otago Daily Times. Retrieved 14 June 2024.
- ^ a b c d e f "The last good shake". Otago Daily Times. 18 September 2010. Retrieved 14 June 2024.
- ^ "Magnitude 4.9, Tue Apr 9 1974 7:49 PM". GeoNet. Retrieved 14 June 2024.
- ^ a b c Littlewood, Matthew (8 April 2024). "Information event to commemorate earthquake". Otago Daily Times. Retrieved 14 June 2024.
- ^ a b "Seismic Risk in the Otago Region" (PDF). Otago Regional Council. March 2005. pp. 21–22. Retrieved 14 June 2024.