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The '''Ryan Aeronautical Company''' was founded by [[T. Claude Ryan]] in [[San Diego, California]], in 1934. It became part of [[Teledyne]] in 1969, and of [[Northrop Grumman]] when the latter company purchased Ryan in 1999. Ryan built several historically and technically significant aircraft, including four innovative [[V/STOL]] designs, but its most successful production aircraft was the [[Ryan Firebee]] line of unmanned drones used as [[target drone]]s and [[unmanned air vehicle]]s.<ref>{{cite news|url = https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/9903/ryan-aeronautical-had-big-plans-for-the-vertifan-jump-jet| title = Ryan Aeronautical Had Big Plans for the Vertifan Jump Jet|date= May 3, 2017|work = The Drive}}</ref>
The '''Ryan Aeronautical Company''' was founded by [[T. Claude Ryan]] in [[San Diego, California]], in 1934. It became part of [[Teledyne]] in 1969, and of [[Northrop Grumman]] when the latter company purchased Ryan in 1999. Ryan built several historically and technically significant aircraft, including four innovative [[V/STOL]] designs, but its most successful production aircraft was the [[Ryan Firebee]] line of unmanned drones used as [[target drone]]s and [[unmanned air vehicle]]s.<ref>{{cite news|url = https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/9903/ryan-aeronautical-had-big-plans-for-the-vertifan-jump-jet| title = Ryan Aeronautical Had Big Plans for the Vertifan Jump Jet|date= May 3, 2017|work = The Drive}}</ref>


==Early history==
==History==
===Early history===
In 1922, T.C. Ryan founded a flying service in San Diego that would lead to several aviation ventures bearing the Ryan name, including [[Ryan Airline Company]] founded in 1925.<ref>{{cite journal|journal=Flying Magazine|date=July 1954|title=Genealogy of American Aircraft|author=Gill Rob Wilson}}</ref>
In 1922, T.C. Ryan founded a flying service in San Diego that would lead to several aviation ventures bearing the Ryan name, including [[Ryan Airline Company]] founded in 1925.<ref>{{cite journal|journal=Flying Magazine|date=July 1954|title=Genealogy of American Aircraft|author=Gill Rob Wilson}}</ref>


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In 1937 and 1938, a second civilian aircraft model was introduced, the [[Ryan S-C|S-C Sport Coupe]], or SC-W with a {{cvt|145|hp}} [[Warner Super Scarab]] radial engine. The SC-W was a larger three-seater aircraft with a sliding canopy and side-by-side front seating. The prototype SC-M was originally powered by a [[Menasco C-4]] inline engine, however testing revealed that more power was needed. Thirteen examples of the SC-W were built, although the last one was assembled from surplus parts decades after the initial production run was finished.
In 1937 and 1938, a second civilian aircraft model was introduced, the [[Ryan S-C|S-C Sport Coupe]], or SC-W with a {{cvt|145|hp}} [[Warner Super Scarab]] radial engine. The SC-W was a larger three-seater aircraft with a sliding canopy and side-by-side front seating. The prototype SC-M was originally powered by a [[Menasco C-4]] inline engine, however testing revealed that more power was needed. Thirteen examples of the SC-W were built, although the last one was assembled from surplus parts decades after the initial production run was finished.


== USAAC trainers ==
=== USAAC trainers ===
[[File:Ryan Aeronautical Company logo 1960.png|thumb|Ryan Aeronautical Company logo (1960–1969)]]
[[File:Ryan Aeronautical Company logo 1960.png|thumb|Ryan Aeronautical Company logo (1960–1969)]]
Interest from the [[United States Army Air Corps]] followed. The Menasco engines proved unreliable, and instead Kinner [[radial engine]]s were fitted. Aircraft were produced as the PT-16 (15 built); PT-20 (30 built); PT-21 (100 USAAF, 100 USN); and finally as the definitive [[PT-22 Recruit]] (1,048 built) ordered in 1941 as pilot training began its rapid expansion.
Interest from the [[United States Army Air Corps]] followed. The Menasco engines proved unreliable, and instead Kinner [[radial engine]]s were fitted. Aircraft were produced as the PT-16 (15 built); PT-20 (30 built); PT-21 (100 USAAF, 100 USN); and finally as the definitive [[PT-22 Recruit]] (1,048 built) ordered in 1941 as pilot training began its rapid expansion.
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Ryan also pioneered [[STOL]] techniques in its [[YO-51 Dragonfly]] liaison and observation craft, but only three.<ref name="ec">{{cite book |last1=Cassagneres |first1=Ev |title=The Spirit of Ryan |date=1982 |publisher=TAB BOOKS Inc. |location=Blue Ridge Summit |pages=208–210}}</ref>
Ryan also pioneered [[STOL]] techniques in its [[YO-51 Dragonfly]] liaison and observation craft, but only three.<ref name="ec">{{cite book |last1=Cassagneres |first1=Ev |title=The Spirit of Ryan |date=1982 |publisher=TAB BOOKS Inc. |location=Blue Ridge Summit |pages=208–210}}</ref>


== Postwar ==
=== Postwar ===
[[File:Teledyne-Ryan AQM-34N Firebee, 1962 - Evergreen Aviation & Space Museum - McMinnville, Oregon - DSC00908.jpg|thumb|right|Ryan AQM-34N Firebee, 1962 - [[Evergreen Aviation & Space Museum]] - [[McMinnville, Oregon]]]]
[[File:Teledyne-Ryan AQM-34N Firebee, 1962 - Evergreen Aviation & Space Museum - McMinnville, Oregon - DSC00908.jpg|thumb|right|Ryan AQM-34N Firebee, 1962 - [[Evergreen Aviation & Space Museum]] - [[McMinnville, Oregon]]]]
In the immediate postwar years, Ryan bought the rights to the [[North American/Ryan Navion|Navion]] [[light aircraft]] from [[North American Aviation]], selling it to both military and civilian customers.<ref name=ec/>{{rp|222–225}}
In the immediate postwar years, Ryan bought the rights to the [[North American/Ryan Navion|Navion]] [[light aircraft]] from [[North American Aviation]], selling it to both military and civilian customers.<ref name=ec/>{{rp|222–225}}

Revision as of 05:13, 26 June 2024

For other uses, see Ryan Airlines (disambiguation).
Ryan Aeronautical Company
Founded1934
FounderT. Claude Ryan
Defunct1969/1999
FateMerged with Teledyne
SuccessorNorthrop Grumman
HeadquartersSan Diego, California
Ryan PT-22 Trainer

The Ryan Aeronautical Company was founded by T. Claude Ryan in San Diego, California, in 1934. It became part of Teledyne in 1969, and of Northrop Grumman when the latter company purchased Ryan in 1999. Ryan built several historically and technically significant aircraft, including four innovative V/STOL designs, but its most successful production aircraft was the Ryan Firebee line of unmanned drones used as target drones and unmanned air vehicles.[1]

History

Early history

In 1922, T.C. Ryan founded a flying service in San Diego that would lead to several aviation ventures bearing the Ryan name, including Ryan Airline Company founded in 1925.[2]

T.C. Ryan, whose previous companies were best known for building Charles Lindbergh's transatlantic Spirit of St. Louis, actually had no part in building the famous aircraft.[3][4][5][6][7][8] Ryan had been owner or partner in several previous companies, one of which also bore the name Ryan Aeronautical. The Spirit of St. Louis was not built by the final Ryan Aeronautical entity.[9]

The new company's first aircraft was the S-T Sport Trainer,[10] a low-wing tandem-seat monoplane with a 95 hp (71 kW) Menasco B-4 Pirate straight-4 engine. Five were built before production switched to the Ryan ST-A Aerobatic with a more powerful 125 hp (93 kW) Menasco C-4 in 1935. This aircraft now had enough power for aerobatic display, and it won the 1937 International Aerobatic Championships. A further improved ST-A Special was built in 1936, with a supercharged 150 hp (110 kW) Menasco C-4S.

In 1937 and 1938, a second civilian aircraft model was introduced, the S-C Sport Coupe, or SC-W with a 145 hp (108 kW) Warner Super Scarab radial engine. The SC-W was a larger three-seater aircraft with a sliding canopy and side-by-side front seating. The prototype SC-M was originally powered by a Menasco C-4 inline engine, however testing revealed that more power was needed. Thirteen examples of the SC-W were built, although the last one was assembled from surplus parts decades after the initial production run was finished.

USAAC trainers

Ryan Aeronautical Company logo (1960–1969)

Interest from the United States Army Air Corps followed. The Menasco engines proved unreliable, and instead Kinner radial engines were fitted. Aircraft were produced as the PT-16 (15 built); PT-20 (30 built); PT-21 (100 USAAF, 100 USN); and finally as the definitive PT-22 Recruit (1,048 built) ordered in 1941 as pilot training began its rapid expansion.

Ryan also pioneered STOL techniques in its YO-51 Dragonfly liaison and observation craft, but only three.[11]

Postwar

Ryan AQM-34N Firebee, 1962 - Evergreen Aviation & Space Museum - McMinnville, Oregon

In the immediate postwar years, Ryan bought the rights to the Navion light aircraft from North American Aviation, selling it to both military and civilian customers.[11]: 222–225 

Ryan became involved in the missile and unmanned aircraft fields, developing the Ryan Firebee unmanned target drone, the Ryan Firebird (the first American air-to-air missile) among others, as well as a number of experimental and research aircraft.

Ryan acquired a 50% stake in Continental Motors Corporation, the aircraft-engine builder, in 1965.[12]

In the 1950s, Ryan was a pioneer in jet vertical flight with the X-13 Vertijet, a tail-sitting jet with a delta wing which was not used in production designs. In the early 1960s, Ryan built the XV-5 Vertifan for the U.S. Army, which used wing- and nose-mounted lift vanes for V/STOL vertical flight. Other Ryan V/STOL designs included the VZ-3 Vertiplane.[11]: 226–235 

Ryan developed the highly accurate radar system used on the Apollo Lunar Module.[11]: 237–238 

In 1968, the company was acquired by Teledyne for $128 million and a year later became a wholly owned subsidiary of that company as Teledyne Ryan Aeronautical Company.[11]: 237 

Northrop Grumman purchased Teledyne Ryan in 1999, with the products continuing to form the core of that firm's unmanned aerial vehicle efforts.

Products

Aircraft

Model name First flight Number built Type
Ryan M-1 1926 36 Mail plane
Ryan ST, PT-22 Recruit 1934 1994 Trainer
Ryan S-C 1937 14 Light passenger aircraft
Ryan YO-51 Dragonfly 1940 3 STOL scout
Ryan FR Fireball 1944 66 Piston-jet fighter
Ryan XF2R Dark Shark 1946 1 Turboprop fighter
Ryan Navion 1948 1202 Light passenger aircraft; military liaison
Ryan X-13 Vertijet 1955 2 Experimental vertical takeoff
Ryan Firebee 1955 xx Target drone
Ryan VZ-3 Vertiplane 1959 1 Experimental V/STOL
Ryan Model 147 1960s Drone
Ryan XV-8 1961 1 Flex wing
Ryan XV-5 Vertifan 1964 2 VTOL
Ryan AQM-91 Firefly 1968 28 Reconnaissance drone
Ryan YQM-98 1974 Reconnaissance drone
Teledyne Ryan Scarab 1988 Reconnaissance drone
Teledyne Ryan 410 1988 Reconnaissance drone
BQM-145 Peregrine 1992 Reconnaissance drone

Missiles

See also

References

  1. ^ "Ryan Aeronautical Had Big Plans for the Vertifan Jump Jet". The Drive. May 3, 2017.
  2. ^ Gill Rob Wilson (July 1954). "Genealogy of American Aircraft". Flying Magazine.
  3. ^ Spirit and Creator: The Mysterious Man Behind Lindbergh's Flight to Paris by Nova Hall
  4. ^ The Untold Story of the Spirit of St. Louis by Ev Cassagneres
  5. ^ "Image: letter_fromCal01-1939-post1970.jpg, (468 × 600 px)". charleslindbergh.com. Retrieved 2015-09-04.
  6. ^ "Image: letter_fromCal02-1939-post1970.jpg, (462 × 596 px)". charleslindbergh.com. Retrieved 2015-09-04.
  7. ^ "Image: letter_fromCal03-1939-post1970.jpg, (466 × 600 px)". charleslindbergh.com. Retrieved 2015-09-04.
  8. ^ "Image: letter_fromCal04-1939-post1970.jpg, (462 × 600 px)". charleslindbergh.com. Retrieved 2015-09-04.
  9. ^ "Photos: Ryan Field west of Tucson". Arizona Daily Star. July 19, 2018.
  10. ^ Cassagneres, Ev (1995). The New Ryan: Development and History of the Ryan ST and SC. Eagan: Flying Books International. pp. Introduction, 1–19, 52. ISBN 9780911139204.
  11. ^ a b c d e Cassagneres, Ev (1982). The Spirit of Ryan. Blue Ridge Summit: TAB BOOKS Inc. pp. 208–210.
  12. ^ Leyes, Richard A., and William A. Fleming, The History of North American Small Gas Turbine Aircraft Engines, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, 1999: p.143 ISBN 1-56347-332-1
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