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'''Gichki''' or '''Gitchki''' is a [[Baloch language|Balochi]]-speaking tribe living in the [[Makran]] region of |
'''Gichki''' or '''Gitchki''' is a [[Baloch language|Balochi]]-speaking tribe living in the [[Makran]] region of [[Pakistan]]i [[Balochistan, Pakistan|Balochistan]]. The tribe, which first settled in the [[Gichk|Gichk valley]] of [[Panjgur District|Panjgur]], formed the ruling class of the [[Makran (princely state)|Makran state]] until 1955.{{sfnp|Pastner|1978|pp=248–}}{{sfnp|Fabietti|2011|pp=81–}} |
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==Origins== |
==Origins== |
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Gichki are of non-[[Baloch people|Baloch]] stock,{{sfnp|Dudoignon|2017}}{{sfnp|Martin|2019}} tracing their descent from [[Rajput Muslims|Rajputs]].{{sfnp|Pastner|1978|pp=248–249}}{{sfnp|Fabietti|2011|pp=81–82}} They moved to Makran from north in the 16th century, where they had settled after coming from [[Punjab]] or [[Rajasthan]].{{sfnp|Fabietti|1992|pp=98–99}}{{sfnp|Pastner|1978|pp=248–249}} |
Gichki are of non-[[Baloch people|Baloch]] stock,{{sfnp|Dudoignon|2017}}{{sfnp|Martin|2019}} tracing their descent from [[Rajput Muslims|Rajputs]].{{sfnp|Pastner|1978|pp=248–249}}{{sfnp|Fabietti|2011|pp=81–82}} They moved to Makran from north in the 16th century, where they had settled after coming from [[Punjab]] or [[Rajasthan]].{{sfnp|Fabietti|1992|pp=98–99}}{{sfnp|Pastner|1978|pp=248–249}} |
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Since |
Since Gichki were not pastoralists unlike the Baloch or as numerous as the already settled population of Makran, the Italian [[anthropologist]] Ugo Fabietti suggests that they arrived as a group of mercenaries, and rose to power by establishing alliances with the ruling families.{{sfnp|Fabietti|2011|pp=83–}} |
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==Social |
==Social organization== |
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Gichki are divided into two major branches, ''Isazai'' and ''Dinarzai'', who previously ruled Panjgur and [[Kech District|Kech]] respectively.{{sfnp|Pastner|1978|pp=248–249}} They were initially [[Zikris]], and only gradually converted to [[Sunni Islam]] after [[Mir Nasir Khan I]] of Kalat undertook military campaigns against them.{{sfnp|Dudoignon|2017}} |
Despite their origins, Gichki have been gradually assimilated into the Baloch society and speak Balochi, a trend which they share with other ethnic groups of non-Baloch origins such as [[Jadgal people|Jats]], [[Lasi people|Lasi]], [[Dehwar|Dihvar]] and [[Brahuis]].{{sfnp|Martin|2019}} Gichki are divided into two major branches, ''Isazai'' and ''Dinarzai'', who previously ruled Panjgur and [[Kech District|Kech]] respectively.{{sfnp|Pastner|1978|pp=248–249}} They were initially [[Zikris]], and only gradually converted to [[Sunni Islam]] after [[Mir Nasir Khan I]] of Kalat undertook military campaigns against them.{{sfnp|Dudoignon|2017}} |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{reflist}} |
{{reflist}} |
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==Bibliography== |
==Bibliography== |
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* {{Cite |
* {{Cite book |last=Dudoignon |first=Stéphane A. |chapter-url=https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190655914.003.0002 |title=The Baluch, Sunnism and the State in Iran: from Tribal to Global |date=2017 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=978-0-19-065591-4 |chapter=History and Memory|series= |location=New York | pages= 33–78|doi=10.1093/oso/9780190655914.003.0002}} |
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* {{EI3|last= Martin|first=Axmann |authorlink=|year=2019|title=Baluchistan and the Baluch people|url=https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-3/baluchistan-and-the-baluch-people-COM_25188?|doi=10.1163/1573-3912_ei3_COM_25188}} |
* {{EI3|last= Martin|first=Axmann |authorlink=|year=2019|title=Baluchistan and the Baluch people|url=https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-3/baluchistan-and-the-baluch-people-COM_25188?|doi=10.1163/1573-3912_ei3_COM_25188}} |
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* {{Cite |
* {{Cite journal |last=Fabietti |first=Ugo |date=1992 |title=Power Relations in Southern Baluchistan: A Comparison of Three Ethnographic Cases |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3773444 |journal=Ethnology|publisher=University of Pittsburgh |volume=31 |issue=1 |pages=89–102 |doi=10.2307/3773444 |issn=0014-1828}} |
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* {{cite book |last=Pastner |first=Stephen |chapter=Conservatism and Change in a Desert Feudalism: The Case of Southern Baluchistan |date=1978 |title=The Nomadic Alternative: Modes and Models of Interaction in the African-Asian Deserts and Steppes|pages=247–260|editor-first=Wolfgang |editor-last= Weissleder |chapter-url=https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9783110810233.247/html |access-date= |publisher=De Gruyter Mouton |language=en |doi=10.1515/9783110810233.247 |isbn=978-3-11-081023-3}} |
* {{cite book |last=Pastner |first=Stephen |chapter=Conservatism and Change in a Desert Feudalism: The Case of Southern Baluchistan |date=1978 |title=The Nomadic Alternative: Modes and Models of Interaction in the African-Asian Deserts and Steppes|pages=247–260|editor-first=Wolfgang |editor-last= Weissleder |chapter-url=https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9783110810233.247/html |access-date= |publisher=De Gruyter Mouton |language=en |doi=10.1515/9783110810233.247 |isbn=978-3-11-081023-3}} |
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[[Category:Rajput tribes]] |
[[Category:Rajput tribes]] |
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Revision as of 03:02, 8 July 2024
Gichki or Gitchki is a Balochi-speaking tribe living in the Makran region of Pakistani Balochistan. The tribe, which first settled in the Gichk valley of Panjgur, formed the ruling class of the Makran state until 1955.[1][2]
Origins
Gichki are of non-Baloch stock,[3][4] tracing their descent from Rajputs.[5][6] They moved to Makran from north in the 16th century, where they had settled after coming from Punjab or Rajasthan.[7][5] Since Gichki were not pastoralists unlike the Baloch or as numerous as the already settled population of Makran, the Italian anthropologist Ugo Fabietti suggests that they arrived as a group of mercenaries, and rose to power by establishing alliances with the ruling families.[8]
Social organization
Despite their origins, Gichki have been gradually assimilated into the Baloch society and speak Balochi, a trend which they share with other ethnic groups of non-Baloch origins such as Jats, Lasi, Dihvar and Brahuis.[4] Gichki are divided into two major branches, Isazai and Dinarzai, who previously ruled Panjgur and Kech respectively.[5] They were initially Zikris, and only gradually converted to Sunni Islam after Mir Nasir Khan I of Kalat undertook military campaigns against them.[3]
References
- ^ Pastner (1978), pp. 248–.
- ^ Fabietti (2011), pp. 81–.
- ^ a b Dudoignon (2017).
- ^ a b Martin (2019).
- ^ a b c Pastner (1978), pp. 248–249.
- ^ Fabietti (2011), pp. 81–82.
- ^ Fabietti (1992), pp. 98–99.
- ^ Fabietti (2011), pp. 83–.
Bibliography
- Dudoignon, Stéphane A. (2017). "History and Memory". The Baluch, Sunnism and the State in Iran: from Tribal to Global. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 33–78. doi:10.1093/oso/9780190655914.003.0002. ISBN 978-0-19-065591-4.
- Martin, Axmann (2019). "Baluchistan and the Baluch people". In Fleet, Kate; Krämer, Gudrun; Matringe, Denis; Nawas, John; Rowson, Everett (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islam (3rd ed.). Brill Online. doi:10.1163/1573-3912_ei3_COM_25188. ISSN 1873-9830.
- Fabietti, Ugo (1992). "Power Relations in Southern Baluchistan: A Comparison of Three Ethnographic Cases". Ethnology. 31 (1). University of Pittsburgh: 89–102. doi:10.2307/3773444. ISSN 0014-1828.
- Pastner, Stephen (1978). "Conservatism and Change in a Desert Feudalism: The Case of Southern Baluchistan". In Weissleder, Wolfgang (ed.). The Nomadic Alternative: Modes and Models of Interaction in the African-Asian Deserts and Steppes. De Gruyter Mouton. pp. 247–260. doi:10.1515/9783110810233.247. ISBN 978-3-11-081023-3.
- Fabietti, Ugo (2011). Ethnography at the Frontier: Space, Memory and Society in Southern Balochistan. Peter Lang. doi:10.3726/978-3-0352-0104-8. ISBN 978-3-0352-0104-8.