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===American War of Independence===
===American War of Independence===
In the [[American Revolutionary War]] of 1775 to 1783, [[Augustus Keppel, 1st Viscount Keppel|Admiral Keppel]]'s resignation during the crisis following the [[Battle of Ushant (1778)|Battle of Ushant]] in 1778 left a vacancy for command of the [[Channel Fleet]]. On 23 January 1778 Darby became a [[Rear admiral (Royal Navy)|rear-admiral]]<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=11843|page=2|date=24 January 1778}}</ref> and on 19 March 1779 he was promoted to [[Vice admiral (Royal Navy)|vice-admiral]],<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=11962|page=2|date=16 March 1779}}</ref> thanks to his association with [[John Montagu, 4th Earl of Sandwich|Lord Sandwich]], [[First Lord of the Admiralty]], during the court martial of [[Hugh Palliser|Admiral Palliser]]. Thus he unexpectedly came to command the Channel Fleet in 1780 at a time of grave danger for the kingdom.<ref name=odnb/>
In the [[American Revolutionary War]] of 1775 to 1783, [[Augustus Keppel, 1st Viscount Keppel|Admiral Keppel]]'s resignation during the crisis following the [[Battle of Ushant (1778)|Battle of Ushant]] in 1778 left a vacancy for command of the [[Western Squadron]]. On 23 January 1778 Darby became a [[Rear admiral (Royal Navy)|rear-admiral]]<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=11843|page=2|date=24 January 1778}}</ref> and on 19 March 1779 he was promoted to [[Vice admiral (Royal Navy)|vice-admiral]],<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=11962|page=2|date=16 March 1779}}</ref> thanks to his association with [[John Montagu, 4th Earl of Sandwich|Lord Sandwich]], [[First Lord of the Admiralty]], during the court martial of [[Hugh Palliser|Admiral Palliser]]. Thus he unexpectedly came to command the Channel Fleet in 1780 at a time of grave danger for the kingdom.<ref name=odnb/>


Darby was appointed to the [[Board of Admiralty]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Sainty, JC, ''Lord High Admiral and Commissioners of the Admiralty 1660-1870, Office-Holders in Modern Britain: Volume 4: Admiralty Officials 1660-1870'' (1975), pp. 18–31.|url=http://british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=16652|access-date=4 September 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141007025436/http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=16652|archive-date=7 October 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> as [[First Sea Lord|First Naval Lord]] in the [[North ministry]] in September 1780.<ref>Rodger, p. 69</ref> In April 1781 he relieved [[Gibraltar]] from [[Great Siege of Gibraltar|its siege by the Spanish]],<ref name=odnb/> for the second time during that war. This event is recorded in a full-length portrait by [[George Romney (painter)|George Romney]], painted 1783&ndash;6, which hangs in the [[National Maritime Museum]]. On the change of ministry in April 1782 he resigned his command and did not again serve at sea; he also resigned his seat on the Admiralty Board. He was [[Member of Parliament]] for [[Plymouth (UK Parliament constituency)|Plymouth]], from 1780 to 1784.<ref name=odnb/> He lived at Newtown House at [[Newtown, Hampshire|Newtown]] in [[Hampshire]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://morethannelson.com/officer/george-darby/|title=George Darby|publisher=More than Nelson|access-date=6 August 2017}}</ref> and died in 1790.<ref name=odnb/>
Darby was appointed to the [[Board of Admiralty]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Sainty, JC, ''Lord High Admiral and Commissioners of the Admiralty 1660-1870, Office-Holders in Modern Britain: Volume 4: Admiralty Officials 1660-1870'' (1975), pp. 18–31.|url=http://british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=16652|access-date=4 September 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141007025436/http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=16652|archive-date=7 October 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> as [[First Sea Lord|First Naval Lord]] in the [[North ministry]] in September 1780.<ref>Rodger, p. 69</ref> In April 1781 he relieved [[Gibraltar]] from [[Great Siege of Gibraltar|its siege by the Spanish]],<ref name=odnb/> for the second time during that war. This event is recorded in a full-length portrait by [[George Romney (painter)|George Romney]], painted 1783&ndash;6, which hangs in the [[National Maritime Museum]]. On the change of ministry in April 1782 he resigned his command and did not again serve at sea; he also resigned his seat on the Admiralty Board. He was [[Member of Parliament]] for [[Plymouth (UK Parliament constituency)|Plymouth]], from 1780 to 1784.<ref name=odnb/> He lived at Newtown House at [[Newtown, Hampshire|Newtown]] in [[Hampshire]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://morethannelson.com/officer/george-darby/|title=George Darby|publisher=More than Nelson|access-date=6 August 2017}}</ref> and died in 1790.<ref name=odnb/>

Revision as of 06:54, 8 July 2024

For the British Conservative politician, see George Darby (MP for East Sussex). For the 19th-century baseball player, see George Darby (baseball).

George Darby
Vice-Admiral George Darby, by George Romney, c.1784
Bornc.1720
Died1790
Allegiance Kingdom of Great Britain
Service / branch Royal Navy
Years of service1742–1782
RankVice Admiral
CommandsHMS Aldborough
HMS Seahorse
HMS Norwich
HMS Devonshire
Channel Fleet
Battles / warsSeven Years' War
American Revolutionary War

Vice Admiral George Darby (c.1720 – 1790) was a Royal Navy officer. He commanded HMS Norwich at the capture of Martinique in 1762 during the Seven Years' War. He went on to command the Western Squadron during the American Revolutionary War and later in that war served as First Naval Lord when he commanded the force that relieved Gibraltar from its siege by the Spanish in April 1781.

Early career

Further information: Great Britain in the Seven Years War

Darby was the second son of Jonathan Darby (III) (d.1742/3) and Anna Marie Frend both of Leap Castle, in King's County, Ireland. He joined the Royal Navy as a volunteer in September 1742.[1] Promoted to post-captain on 12 September 1747, he received his first command, the sixth-rate HMS Aldborough.[2] He went on to become commanding officer of the sixth-rate HMS Seahorse in 1756 and of the fourth-rate HMS Norwich in 1757 in which he served under Admiral Rodney at the capture of Martinique in 1762 during the Seven Years' War.[1] After that he became commanding officer of the third-rate HMS Devonshire in 1760.[2]

American War of Independence

In the American Revolutionary War of 1775 to 1783, Admiral Keppel's resignation during the crisis following the Battle of Ushant in 1778 left a vacancy for command of the Western Squadron. On 23 January 1778 Darby became a rear-admiral[3] and on 19 March 1779 he was promoted to vice-admiral,[4] thanks to his association with Lord Sandwich, First Lord of the Admiralty, during the court martial of Admiral Palliser. Thus he unexpectedly came to command the Channel Fleet in 1780 at a time of grave danger for the kingdom.[1]

Darby was appointed to the Board of Admiralty[5] as First Naval Lord in the North ministry in September 1780.[6] In April 1781 he relieved Gibraltar from its siege by the Spanish,[1] for the second time during that war. This event is recorded in a full-length portrait by George Romney, painted 1783–6, which hangs in the National Maritime Museum. On the change of ministry in April 1782 he resigned his command and did not again serve at sea; he also resigned his seat on the Admiralty Board. He was Member of Parliament for Plymouth, from 1780 to 1784.[1] He lived at Newtown House at Newtown in Hampshire[7] and died in 1790.[1]

Personal life

When in England he lived at Newtown House, Newtown, Hampshire and had five children. Darby was married to Mary, daughter of Sir William St Quintin, 4th Baronet and then to Ann Bridges, a widow whose brother was colonial agent and MP, Richard Jackson.[8] Darby's male issue achieved high military rank and held significant wealth:

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f "George Darby". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. 2004. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/7140. Retrieved 23 July 2017. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  2. ^ a b "George Darby (1720-1790)". Three Decks. Retrieved 24 July 2017.
  3. ^ "No. 11843". The London Gazette. 24 January 1778. p. 2.
  4. ^ "No. 11962". The London Gazette. 16 March 1779. p. 2.
  5. ^ "Sainty, JC, Lord High Admiral and Commissioners of the Admiralty 1660-1870, Office-Holders in Modern Britain: Volume 4: Admiralty Officials 1660-1870 (1975), pp. 18–31". Archived from the original on 7 October 2014. Retrieved 4 September 2009.
  6. ^ Rodger, p. 69
  7. ^ "George Darby". More than Nelson. Retrieved 6 August 2017.
  8. ^ Montgomery-Massingberd, Hugh. Burke's Irish Family Records. London, U.K.: Burkes Peerage Ltd, 1976.

Sources

Media related to George Darby at Wikimedia Commons

Military offices
Preceded by First Naval Lord
1780–1782 		Succeeded by
Honorary titles
Preceded by Rear-Admiral of Great Britain
1781–1790 		Succeeded by
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