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| father = [[Afonso II of Portugal]]
| father = [[Afonso II of Portugal]]
| mother = [[Urraca of Castile, Queen of Portugal|Urraca of Castile]]
| mother = [[Urraca of Castile, Queen of Portugal|Urraca of Castile]]
| birth_date = 8 September 1209
| birth_date = 8 September 1207
| birth_place = [[Coimbra]], [[Kingdom of Portugal]]
| birth_place = [[Coimbra]], [[Kingdom of Portugal]]
| death_date = 4 January 1248 (aged 38)
| death_date = 4 January 1248 (aged 38)
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}}
}}


'''Sancho II''' ({{IPA-pt|ˈsɐ̃ʃu}}; 8 September 1209 &ndash; 4 January 1248), nicknamed '''the Cowled''' or '''the Capuched''' ({{lang-pt|o Capelo}}), alternatively, '''the Pious''' ({{lang-pt|o Piedoso}}), was [[King of Portugal]] from 1223 to 1248. He was succeeded on the Portuguese throne by his brother, King [[Afonso III of Portugal|Afonso III]], in 1248.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Martínez |first=H. Salvador |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6OB5DwAAQBAJ |title=Alfonso X, the Learned: A Biography |date=2010-03-02 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-19342-0 |pages=380 |language=en}}</ref>
'''Sancho II''' ({{IPA-pt|ˈsɐ̃ʃu}}; 8 September 1207 &ndash; 4 January 1248)<ref>https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/9737990/sancho_ii_of_portugal</ref>, nicknamed '''the Cowled''' or '''the Capuched''' ({{lang-pt|o Capelo}}), alternatively, '''the Pious''' ({{lang-pt|o Piedoso}}), was [[King of Portugal]] from 1223 to 1248. He was succeeded on the Portuguese throne by his brother, King [[Afonso III of Portugal|Afonso III]], in 1248.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Martínez |first=H. Salvador |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6OB5DwAAQBAJ |title=Alfonso X, the Learned: A Biography |date=2010-03-02 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-19342-0 |pages=380 |language=en}}</ref>


Sancho was born in [[Coimbra]], the eldest son of [[Afonso II of Portugal]] by his wife, [[Urraca of Castile, Queen of Portugal|Urraca of Castile]].
Sancho was born in [[Coimbra]], the eldest son of [[Afonso II of Portugal]] by his wife, [[Urraca of Castile, Queen of Portugal|Urraca of Castile]].

Revision as of 18:45, 10 July 2024

Sancho II
King Sancho in the Castilian manuscript Compendium of Chronicles of Kings, c. 1312-1325
King of Portugal
Reign25 March 1223 – 4 December 1247
PredecessorAfonso II
SuccessorAfonso III
Born8 September 1207
Coimbra, Kingdom of Portugal
Died4 January 1248 (aged 38)
Toledo, Kingdom of Castile
Burial
Cathedral of Toledo, Toledo, Province of Toledo, Castile–La Mancha, Spain
SpouseMécia Lopes de Haro
(m. c. 1243-45)
HouseBurgundy
FatherAfonso II of Portugal
MotherUrraca of Castile

Sancho II (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈsɐ̃ʃu]; 8 September 1207 – 4 January 1248)[1], nicknamed the Cowled or the Capuched (Template:Lang-pt), alternatively, the Pious (Template:Lang-pt), was King of Portugal from 1223 to 1248. He was succeeded on the Portuguese throne by his brother, King Afonso III, in 1248.[2]

Sancho was born in Coimbra, the eldest son of Afonso II of Portugal by his wife, Urraca of Castile.

Military career and reign

See also: Portugal in the Reconquista and Portuguese Conquest of Algarve

By the time of his accession to the throne, in 1223, Portugal was embroiled in a difficult diplomatic conflict with the Catholic Church. His father, Afonso II, had been excommunicated by Pope Honorius III, for his attempts at reducing the Church's power within the country. A treaty of 10 articles was signed between the Pope and Sancho II, but the king paid little attention to its fulfillment. His priority was the Reconquista, the reconquest of the southern Iberian Peninsula from the Moors. From 1236 onwards, Sancho II conquered several cities in the Algarve and Alentejo, securing the Portuguese position in the region.

Dispossession from throne

Sancho II proved a capable commander but, with regard to equally important administrative issues, he was less competent. With his total attention focused on military campaigns, the ground was open for internal disputes. The nobility was displeased by the king's conduct and started to conspire against him. Moreover, the middle class of merchants quarrelled frequently with the clergy, without any intervention from the king. As a result, the bishop of Porto made a formal complaint to the pope about this state of affairs. Since the Church was the dominant power of the 13th century, Pope Innocent IV felt free to issue bull Grandi non immerito, ordering the Portuguese to choose a new king to replace the so-called heretic.[2][3]

In 1246, recalcitrant nobles invited Sancho's brother Afonso, Count of Boulogne, to take the throne. Afonso immediately abdicated from his French possessions and marched into Portugal.

Exile and death

After a civil war lasting from late 1245 to mid 1247 and a Castilian intervention by the Castilian heir, Prince Alfonso, he fled in exile to Toledo, Spain when Alfonso retreated his forces to support his father in the siege of Seville. He died in Toledo on 4 January 1248 and was buried in its cathedral.

Marriage

Sancho married, circa 1240, a Castilian lady, Mécia Lopes de Haro, widow of Alvaro Peres de Castro, and daughter of Lope Díaz II de Haro and Urraca Alfonso de León, an illegitimate daughter of Alfonso IX of León, but they had no legitimate sons.

See also

References

  1. ^ https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/9737990/sancho_ii_of_portugal
  2. ^ a b Martínez, H. Salvador (2010-03-02). Alfonso X, the Learned: A Biography. BRILL. p. 380. ISBN 978-90-04-19342-0.
  3. ^ Reilly, Bernard F. (1993-06-03). The Medieval Spains. Cambridge University Press. p. 171. ISBN 978-0-521-39741-4.
Sancho II of Portugal
Cadet branch of the Capetian dynasty
Born: 8 September 1207 Died: 4 November 1248
Regnal titles
Preceded by King of Portugal
1223–1248 		Succeeded by
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