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The '''Virginia Tech massacre''' was a [[school shooting]] that occurred in two separate waves on [[April 16]], [[2007]], at [[Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University]] in [[Blacksburg, Virginia]], in the [[United States]]. Government officials, the university, and most news sources have confirmed 33 persons died including the gunman,<ref name="usatoday_studentgunman">[http://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/2007-04-17-virginia-tech_N.htm Va. Tech president: Gunman was one of our students], ''USA TODAY'', April 17, 2007</ref><ref name="Washingtonpost" /><ref name="nyt" /><ref name="CBC">{{cite news | url = http://www.cbc.ca/world/story/2007/04/16/virginia-tech-070416.html | title = Toll climbs to 31 in Virginia campus shooting | publisher = [[CBC News]] | accessdate = 2007-04-16}}</ref><ref name="Reuters">{{cite news | author = Brendan Bush | url = http://www.reuters.com/article/newsOne/idUSN1631133620070416?src=041607_1551_TOPSTORY_shooting_rampage | title = At least 32 dead in Virginia shooting rampage| publisher = [[Reuters]]| accessdate = 2007-04-16}}</ref> making it the deadliest [[spree killer|mass shooting]] in U.S. history by a single gunman.<ref name="includekiller(s)"/><ref name=nyt>{{cite news | last = Hauser | first = Christine | coauthors = O'Connor, Anahad | url = http://www.nytimes.com/2007/04/16/us/16cnd-shooting.html?_r=1&hp&oref=slogin | title = Virginia Tech Shooting Kills at Least 33 | publisher = [[New York Times]] | accessdate = 2007-04-16}}</ref><ref name="post33">{{cite news | title = Federal Officials: Virginia Tech Shooting: 33 Deaths In Blacksburg "Worst In History" | url = http://www.postchronicle.com/news/original/article_21275278.shtml | publisher = Post Chronicle | date = 2007-04-16 | accessdate = 2007-04-16}}</ref>
The '''Virginia Tech massacre''' was a [[school shooting]] that occurred in two separate waves on [[April 16]], [[2007]], at [[Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University]] in [[Blacksburg, Virginia]], in the [[United States]]. Government officials, the university, and most news sources confirmed 33 persons died including the gunman,<ref name="usatoday_studentgunman">[http://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/2007-04-17-virginia-tech_N.htm Va. Tech president: Gunman was one of our students], ''USA TODAY'', April 17, 2007</ref><ref name="Washingtonpost" /><ref name="nyt" /><ref name="CBC">{{cite news | url = http://www.cbc.ca/world/story/2007/04/16/virginia-tech-070416.html | title = Toll climbs to 31 in Virginia campus shooting | publisher = [[CBC News]] | accessdate = 2007-04-16}}</ref><ref name="Reuters">{{cite news | author = Brendan Bush | url = http://www.reuters.com/article/newsOne/idUSN1631133620070416?src=041607_1551_TOPSTORY_shooting_rampage | title = At least 32 dead in Virginia shooting rampage| publisher = [[Reuters]]| accessdate = 2007-04-16}}</ref> making it the deadliest [[spree killer|mass shooting]] in U.S. history by a single gunman.<ref name="includekiller(s)"/><ref name=nyt>{{cite news | last = Hauser | first = Christine | coauthors = O'Connor, Anahad | url = http://www.nytimes.com/2007/04/16/us/16cnd-shooting.html?_r=1&hp&oref=slogin | title = Virginia Tech Shooting Kills at Least 33 | publisher = [[New York Times]] | accessdate = 2007-04-16}}</ref><ref name="post33">{{cite news | title = Federal Officials: Virginia Tech Shooting: 33 Deaths In Blacksburg "Worst In History" | url = http://www.postchronicle.com/news/original/article_21275278.shtml | publisher = Post Chronicle | date = 2007-04-16 | accessdate = 2007-04-16}}</ref>


The perpetrator, responsible for killing all 32 of the victims,<ref name=MacAskill17>MacAskill, Ewen & Sturcke, James. [http://www.guardian.co.uk/usguns/Story/0,,2059217,00.html "Virginia massacre gunman named"], ''The Guardian'', April 17, 2007.</ref> has been identified by authorities as [[Cho Seung-hui]], a [[South Korean]] native who grew up in Virginia and was a fourth year [[English language|English]] student at Virginia Tech.<ref name=nytimes417>{{cite news | author = John M. Broder | url = http://www.nytimes.com/2007/04/17/us/17virginia.html?_r=1&hp&oref=slogin | title = Virginia Gunman Identified as a Student | publisher = [[New York Times]]| accessdate = 2007-04-17}}</ref><ref>[http://news.google.com/news/url?sa=t&ct=us/0-0&fp=462447963a5f994f&ei=ScskRvH3IZeGoAK4-pGzCw&url=http%3A//abcnews.go.com/US/story%3Fid%3D3048108&cid=0 ABC News]</ref>
The perpetrator, responsible for killing all 32 of the victims,<ref name=MacAskill17>MacAskill, Ewen & Sturcke, James. [http://www.guardian.co.uk/usguns/Story/0,,2059217,00.html "Virginia massacre gunman named"], ''The Guardian'', April 17, 2007.</ref> has been identified by authorities as [[Cho Seung-hui]], a [[South Korean]] native who grew up in Virginia and was a fourth year [[English language|English]] student at Virginia Tech.<ref name=nytimes417>{{cite news | author = John M. Broder | url = http://www.nytimes.com/2007/04/17/us/17virginia.html?_r=1&hp&oref=slogin | title = Virginia Gunman Identified as a Student | publisher = [[New York Times]]| accessdate = 2007-04-17}}</ref><ref>[http://news.google.com/news/url?sa=t&ct=us/0-0&fp=462447963a5f994f&ei=ScskRvH3IZeGoAK4-pGzCw&url=http%3A//abcnews.go.com/US/story%3Fid%3D3048108&cid=0 ABC News]</ref>

Revision as of 16:46, 17 April 2007

Virginia Tech massacre
Norris Hall, where 31 of the 33 killings occurred.
LocationBlacksburg, Virginia, United States
DateApril 16, 2007
7:15 a.m. and 9:00 a.m.–9:30 a.m. (EDT)
TargetVirginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Virginia Tech)
Attack type
School shooting, mass murder, murder-suicide, massacre, spree killer
Deaths33[1]
Injured29[2]
PerpetratorsCho Seung-hui
MotiveUnknown

The Virginia Tech massacre was a school shooting that occurred in two separate waves on April 16, 2007, at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in Blacksburg, Virginia, in the United States. Government officials, the university, and most news sources confirmed 33 persons died including the gunman,[3][4][5][6][7] making it the deadliest mass shooting in U.S. history by a single gunman.[1][5][8]

The perpetrator, responsible for killing all 32 of the victims,[9] has been identified by authorities as Cho Seung-hui, a South Korean native who grew up in Virginia and was a fourth year English student at Virginia Tech.[10][11]

Description of events

The first shooting occurred at around 7:15 a.m. EDT in West Ambler Johnston Hall, a co-ed dormitory that houses 895 students. A woman, Emily J. Hilscher of Woodville, Virginia, and a male resident assistant, Ryan C. Clark of Augusta, Georgia, were killed.[12][13] Authorities identified a "person of interest" in the first shooting, who is cooperating with them. According to the Washington Post, this "person of interest" was the boyfriend of the woman in the dorm and was released after cooperating.[4]

About two hours after the initial shootings, shots were reported in a classroom at Norris Hall, an engineering and science building.[2][14] A ballistics test shows that the same gun was used in both campus shootings.[15]

The motives of the gunman remain unclear, though the British tabloid Daily Mail reported that the shooter at the dormitory "was said to have quarreled in a dormitory with his girlfriend, whom he believed had been seeing another man. A resident advisor was called but the shooter produced a gun and killed both his girlfriend and the advisor."[16] However, this theory is contradicted by a report in the Washington Post, which seems to indicate that the assailant was not the boyfriend of the girl, but rather someone else.[4]

An eyewitness told the student newspaper, the Collegiate Times, that a gunman shot about nineteen people attending a German class in Norris Hall including the professor.[17][18][19] Only four people emerged unscathed from the German class, with the rest either being killed or wounded. Erin Sheehan, one of the four, said the gunman "peeked in twice, earlier in the lesson, like he was looking for someone, somebody, before he started shooting."

Twenty-seven gunshots can be heard in video footage captured with a cell phone, later broadcast on many news outlets.[20]

Student Nikolas Macko described to BBC News his experience at the center of the shootings. He had been attending a math class and heard gunshots in the hallway. Three people in the classroom barricaded themselves inside the room using a table. At one point, Macko said, the gunman even attempted to break down the door of the classroom and then shot twice into the room; one shot hit a podium and the other went out the window. The shooter reloaded and shot into the door again but the bullet did not penetrate into the room. He stated there were "many, many shots" fired.Cite error: A <ref> tag is missing the closing </ref> (see the help page).

High winds prevented emergency medical services from using helicopters for the evacuations.[21] Victims injured in the event were treated at Montgomery Regional Hospital in Blacksburg, Carilion New River Valley Medical Center in Christiansburg, and Lewis-Gale Medical Center in Salem.[5]

Perpetrator

Main article: Cho Seung-hui
File:Ht vatech cho 070417 sp.jpg
Cho Seung-hui

The shooter was later identified as 23-year old Cho Seung-hui,[10] a South Korean living in Virginia as a United States Permanent Resident. He arrived in the US as an 8-year-old child in 1992 with his family.[22] He was an undergraduate student in his senior year, majoring in English. A spokesman for Virginia Tech has described him as a loner, stating that the school is having difficulty finding information about him. [23]

Law enforcement reported that he killed himself inside Norris Hall by a shot to the head. Officials believe he used a 9 mm Glock 19 and a .22 caliber Walther P-22 handgun.[24] Cho purchased the 9 mm Glock 19 on March 13, 2007, and the .22 handgun possibly the weekend prior to the shooting. [25] According to former FBI agent Brad Garrett, "This was no spur of the moment crime. He's been thinking about this since at least the time he bought the first gun." [26]

One of the guns was used in both incidents. An official added that Cho was "heavily armed and wearing a vest."[27][28][29][30] Cho was a student at the school and lived in one of the dormitories.[31] Sources also state that Cho was carrying a "disturbing note."[32] A student speaking to Times Now said that the first gunshots were heard when classes were in progress. "We heard about thirty gunshots in the morning. The gunman appeared to be Asian and was looking for his girlfriend," the student said.[33] However, a relationship between any of the victims and the shooter has not yet been established. According to the official announcement from Virginia Tech, Cho Seung-hui was "South Korean native in the U.S. as a resident alien with a residence established in Centreville, Virginia, was living on campus at 2121 Harper Residence Hall".[34]. Permanent legal residents of the United States are eligible to purchase handguns provided they have not been convicted of any felonies.[35]

Fatalities

This is a partial list and only includes victims who have been specifically named in the media.

First shooting: West Ambler Johnston Hall Dormitory

Second shooting: Norris Hall Engineering Building

Students

Faculty

  • Christopher Jamie Bishop, Instructor, Foreign Languages and Literatures (German).[38][45]
  • Jocelyne Couture-Nowak, Professor, Foreign Languages. A French teacher from Montreal, Quebec, Canada.[46]
  • Kevin Granata, Professor, Engineering Science & Mechanics.[37]
  • Liviu Librescu, Professor, Engineering Science & Mechanics, and Holocaust survivor. Killed while holding off the gunman so his students could escape out the window.[37][47][3]
  • G. V. Loganathan, Professor, Civil and Environmental Engineering.[40]
  • Christopher Jamie Bishop, an instructor killed while teaching a German class.[38][45]

Responses

File:Collegiatetimes041707.jpg
Front page of the Collegiate Times in the aftermath of the Virginia Tech massacre.

School response

Virginia Tech cancelled classes for the rest of the week and closed Norris Hall for the remainder of the semester, and asked off-campus visitors not to come onto the campus.[48] The school is offering counseling assistance for students and faculty and has scheduled an assembly for Tuesday. Additionally, the Red Cross has dispatched several dozen crisis counselors to Blacksburg to help Virginia Tech students cope with the tragedy that their school has endured.[48]

Virginia Tech President Charles Steger stated at the first news conference that authorities initially believed the first shooting at the West Ambler Johnston dormitory was a domestic dispute and that the gunman had left campus.[49]

Steger indicated in a second press conference later in the afternoon that several thousand students were already on their way to class:

You have to remember that of the 26,000 [students] that we have, only about 9,000 are on campus. When the classes start at 8:00 A.M., thousands of people are in transit. The question is, where do you keep them where it is most safe? We concluded that the incident at the dormitory was domestic in nature. These other events occurred two hours later.

Steger further noted:

It is very difficult, because we are an open society and an open campus. We have 26,000 people here. The best thing that we can do is to have people report anything that they saw that was suspicious. We obviously cannot have an armed guard in front of every classroom every day of the year. …What we try to determine is are they kept out of harm’s way by staying in the dorms or staying in the academic buildings. We send out communications by e-mail, we have an emergency alert system to get the word to our students as quickly as we can. With 11,000 people driving in to campus, it is extremely difficult if not impossible to get the word out instantaneously.

Student response

Some Virginia Tech students questioned why the school had not been locked down after the first shooting.[50] Once students knew what was happening, some resorted to using websites such as Facebook to communicate with their family and peers about their condition.[29] The school first informed students via e-mail two hours after the first shooting, warning them of the danger and canceling classes.[51]


Law enforcement response

After the second attack, the Virginia Tech Police, along with the Blacksburg Police Department and the Virginia State Police immediately responded to this event following their active shooter protocols. Local SWAT teams were activated and responded.[52] In addition to the Virginia Tech campus police, the Federal Bureau of Investigation has joined the investigation. Bureau spokesman Richard Kolko stated there was no immediate evidence to suggest a terrorist incident, but that the agency is exploring all avenues.[51] The Virginia State Police are also investigating.[51] The Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF) immediately responded to the incident with 10 agents on-scene identifying the weapons and performing forensics.[53]

Shortly after the shootings, several news stations broadcast images of an Asian student, apparently not involved in the shooting, being violently detained by police, (e.g. Cite error: The <ref> tag has too many names (see the help page).).

Government response

Virginia's U.S. Senators John Warner and Jim Webb have both offered their condolences.[54] Virginia Governor Tim Kaine is returning early from a trip to Tokyo, Japan.[51] Kaine later declared a "state of emergency" in Virginia, which allows the governor to immediately deploy state personnel, equipment, and other resources to help out in the aftermath of a tragedy.[55]

The U.S. House of Representatives and the Senate observed a moment of silence in remembrance of the victims. Immediately following the news of the tragedy, White House spokesman said President George W. Bush was horrified by the rampage and offered his prayers to the victims and the people of Virginia. In response to a direct question regarding gun issues, Deputy White House Press Secretary Dana Perino said "The president believes that there is a right for people to bear arms, but that all laws must be followed."[56] President George W. Bush stated that the nation was "shocked and saddened" by the shooting. He added "schools should be places of safety and sanctuary and learning. When that sanctuary is violated, the impact is felt in every American classroom and every American community." He also pledged assistance to law enforcement and the local community.[57] President Bush and his wife Laura will also attend the convocation at Virginia Tech on Tuesday.[58]

Senate Judiciary Committee chairman Patrick Leahy postponed by two days the scheduled April 17 testimony of Attorney General Alberto Gonzales concerning the firings of eight United States prosecutors.[59] In a statement, Gonzales said that the Justice Department would provide support and assistance to the local authorities and victims as long as they were needed.[60]

The Senate approved a resolution on Monday night extending condolences to the victims of the shooting.[61] President Bush ordered the White House flag lowered to half staff, and requested all flags be so lowered until sundown on Sunday, April 22, according to spokeswoman Dana Perino.[58]

International reaction

 United Kingdom - On April 16, Queen Elizabeth II was reported to be shocked and saddened at the shootings. The Queen and the Duke of Edinburgh have a pre-planned two-day visit to Virginia on May 3 and May 4, 2007.[62] Prime Minister Tony Blair spoke of the "terrible loss of innocent lives", saying, "I would like to express, on behalf of Britain and the British people, our profound sadness at what has happened and to send the American people, and most especially of course the families of the victims, our sympathy and our prayers."[63]

 Iran - A spokesman for the Foreign Ministry expressed his nation's deepest condolences over the tragedy.[64]

 Australia - Prime Minister John Howard has extended his sympathies to the victims' families while decrying what he described as a 'negative gun culture' in the United States.[65]

 Canada - Deputy opposition leader Michael Ignatieff commented in the House of Commons: "Mr. Speaker, it was with shock and grief that we learned of the terrible shootings on the university campus of Virginia Tech in Blacksburg, Virginia this morning. Such a senseless act leaves Canadians stunned and horrified. We extend our sympathy to the families and loved ones of those who lost their lives and to the students and staff of the university whose lives have been altered forever by this tragedy. For those who have been injured, we offer sincere wishes for a swift recovery. We are reminded today in this House that life is both precious and fragile. We renew our commitment, wherever we are, to reduce gun violence in our homes, on our streets and on our campuses. Our thoughts are with those scarred by the tragedy and we vow to rededicate ourselves to prevent such tragedies from occurring in our own communities."[66][67]

 Japan - On April 17, the spokesman of the government, Yasuhisa Shiozaki, expressed the sincerest condolences to the more than 30 people who died.[68]

 People's Republic of China - "China is shocked by the shootings in Virginia and expresses deep condolences to those who lost loved ones and those who were injured," Foreign Ministry spokesman Liu Jianchao said. Earlier Tuesday, Chinese Foreign Minister Li Zhaoxing sent a telegram to U.S. Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice, expressing shock and condolences as well.[69]

 South Korea - The South Korean President Roh Moo-hyun offered his "deep condolences to bereaved family members and wished quick recovery of injured people". [4] [70]

Gun control debate

Officials have described finding a purchase receipt for at least one of the guns used in the assault[71] and note that permanent residents in Virginia may legally purchase firearms with proof of residency.[72]

The Brady Campaign to Prevent Gun Violence, an American gun control group said that it was easy for an individual to get powerful weapons and called for "common-sense actions to prevent tragedies like this from continuing to occur".[73] The New York Times ran an editorial calling for more gun control.[74]

Larry Pratt, the executive director of Gun Owners of America, the second largest U.S. lobbying group, called on abolishing the gun-free zones, like the Virginia Tech (where carrying a concealed weapon is forbidden), claiming that the best strategy to avoid such incidents is to allow the citizens to defend themselves with firearms. He also claimed that "all the school shootings that have ended abruptly in the last ten years were stopped because a law-abiding citizen—a potential victim—had a gun".[75]

Timeline

All times are in Eastern Daylight Time (UTC-4).

March 13

First gun used in the shooting is purchased by the shooter. [76]

April 2 and April 13

On April 2 a bomb threat to Torgersen Hall is called in anonymously. On April 13 a bomb threat to Torgersen, Durham, and Whittemore halls is also called in anonymously . [77] Evidence has been discovered linking these threats to the April 16 massacre. An additional bomb threat, this time to engineering school buildings, was found at the shooting scene at Norris Hall. [78]

Monday, April 16

  • 7:15 a.m.: A 9-1-1 emergency call to Virginia Tech Police reports a shooting at West Ambler Johnston Hall, leaving one person dead and one injured.[79][80][81] The second person later died.
  • 7:30 a.m.: Investigators were following up on leads concerning a person of interest in relation to the double homicide. Investigators from VT PD and Blacksburg PD were actively following up on various leads. Meanwhile, Cho returns to his dorm room to re-load.
  • 8:00 a.m.: Classes begin.
  • 8:25 a.m.: Virginia Tech leadership team meets to develop a plan on how to notify students of the homicide.
  • 9:00 a.m.: Virginia Tech leadership team is briefed on the latest events in the ongoing Dormitory homocide investigation.
  • 9:00 a.m.–9:30 a.m.(approx.): Cho opens fire in classroom in Norris Hall, an engineering building.[80][failed verification]
  • 9:26 a.m.: Emails go out to campus staff and faculty saying there has been a shooting on campus.[4]
  • 9:45 a.m.: Students in the engineering building Norris Hall call police to report more shots have been fired.[82]
  • 9:55 a.m.: A third email announcing: "A gunman is loose on campus. Stay in buildings until further notice. Stay away from all windows" is sent to all Virginia Tech email addresses. Loudspeakers broadcast a similar message.Cite error: A <ref> tag is missing the closing </ref> (see the help page).
  • 12:00 p.m.: At a press conference, authorities said there may have been more than 21 people killed and 28 injured.[83]
  • 2:30 p.m.: AP reports at least 31 killed, including gunman.
  • 3:40 p.m.: Virginia Tech confirms 22 dead.[citation needed]
  • 4:01 p.m.: President Bush speaks from the White House regarding the shooting.[84]
  • 4:40 p.m.: The school holds a press conference with updates on the day's events.[48]
  • 4:42 p.m.: Virginia Tech confirms 33 dead including the shooter.[48]
  • 7:30 p.m.: Third press conference. A final confirmation that there have been 31 deaths at Norris Hall, including the gunman. (mp3)

Tuesday, April 17

  • 11:30 a.m.: Virginia Tech announces that "classes are canceled for the remainder of the week to allow students to mourn and begin healing." Also, "Norris Hall has been closed for the remainder of the semester."[48]

Historical context

The incident is the deadliest school shooting incident in the United States, surpassing the 15 deaths[1] of the Columbine High School massacre of 1999 and the 16 deaths[1] of the University of Texas shooting of 1966. It is the second deadliest school-related killing in U.S. history, behind the 1927 Bath School disaster which claimed 45 lives, including 38 school children.[1]

With a death toll of 33,[1] this is one of the deadliest civilian shootings in United States history, behind the Mountain Meadows massacre of 1857 in Utah Territory in which between 100 and 140 civilians were killed by gunfire, axes, and clubs, and ahead of the Luby's massacre of 1991 in which 24 people were shot and killed.[1]

The incident also occurred within the same week as the anniversaries of two other mass murders in recent U.S. history: the Oklahoma City bombing on April 19, 1995, and the Columbine High School massacre on April 20, 1999.

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g This total includes the murderer, except for Columbine High School massacre, where it includes two murderers. In the University of Texas shooting, different sources claim 15, 16 or 17 victim deaths.
  2. ^ a b c "Gunman killed after deadly Virginia Tech rampage". CNN. Retrieved 2007-04-16.
  3. ^ Va. Tech president: Gunman was one of our students, USA TODAY, April 17, 2007
  4. ^ a b c d Pierre, Robert (April 16, 2007). "33 Dead in Virginia Tech Shootings, At Least 24 Injured". Washington Post. Retrieved 2007-04-16. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  5. ^ a b c Hauser, Christine. "Virginia Tech Shooting Kills at Least 33". New York Times. Retrieved 2007-04-16. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  6. ^ "Toll climbs to 31 in Virginia campus shooting". CBC News. Retrieved 2007-04-16.
  7. ^ Brendan Bush. "At least 32 dead in Virginia shooting rampage". Reuters. Retrieved 2007-04-16.
  8. ^ "Federal Officials: Virginia Tech Shooting: 33 Deaths In Blacksburg "Worst In History"". Post Chronicle. 2007-04-16. Retrieved 2007-04-16.
  9. ^ MacAskill, Ewen & Sturcke, James. "Virginia massacre gunman named", The Guardian, April 17, 2007.
  10. ^ a b John M. Broder. "Virginia Gunman Identified as a Student". New York Times. Retrieved 2007-04-17.
  11. ^ ABC News
  12. ^ 32 Shot Dead on Virginia Tech Campus By John M. Broder, The New York Times, April 17, 2007
  13. ^ First shooting victim named as Ryan Clark Daily Mail
  14. ^ Deadly shooting at US university "US university shooting kills 33". BBC. Retrieved 2007-04-16. {{cite news}}: Check |url= value (help)
  15. ^ NPR
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  36. ^ Coroner confirms student’s death, The Roanoke Times
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  47. ^ Donovan, Doug. "'I don't think my teacher got out'". Baltimore Sun. Retrieved 2007-04-17.
  48. ^ a b c d e Cite error: The named reference Vtfront was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  49. ^ Kurz, Jr., Hank. "Questions Raised on Va. Tech Security." Washington Post, Associated Press report. April 16, 2006, retrieved on 2006-04-16.
  50. ^ "Virginia Tech Shooting Press Conference: 33 Dead, Anger, Questions". Post Chronicle. 2007-04-16. Retrieved 2007-04-16. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |Author= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  51. ^ a b c d Fox News. "Virginia Tech Campus Reels From Shooting That Leaves at Least 32 Dead". {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |access date= ignored (|access-date= suggested) (help)
  52. ^ The Red and Black, University of Georgia. "University students express shock in response to slayings at Va. Tech".
  53. ^ My Fox Washington DC. "Bush Calls Virginia Tech Shooting 'Terrible Tragedy'".
  54. ^ KWTX News. "Visibly Shaken Virginia Senator Says Shootings Have Touched The Nation". {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |access date= ignored (|access-date= suggested) (help)
  55. ^ Governor declares state of emergency The Associated Press
  56. ^ Sue Lindsey, AP writer. "Gunman kills 32 in Virginia Tech rampage".
  57. ^ Bush statement on VT shootings, White House, April 16, 2007
  58. ^ a b Riechman, Deb (2007-04-17). "Bush to Speak at Virginia Tech Service". Forbes.
  59. ^ Gonzales hearing postponed, SFGate.com, April 16, 2007
  60. ^ Gonzales offers support, CBS News, April 16, 2007
  61. ^ "President Bush says shootings at Virginia Tech affect all students", WHDH-TV, April 16, 2007
  62. ^ "Queen 'shocked' at US shootings", BBC News, April 16, 2007
  63. ^ "Blair's 'sadness' at US shootings", BBC News, April 17, 2007
  64. ^ "Iran condemns Virginia shootings", PRESS TV, April 17
  65. ^ Doorstop Interview - Lowood Show Hall - Lowood, Prime Minister of Australia Homepage, 2007-04-17.
  66. ^ http://www.cbc.ca/world/story/2007/04/16/virginia-tech-070416.html
  67. ^ http://www2.parl.gc.ca/HousePublications/Publication.aspx?Language=E&Mode=1&Parl=39&Ses=1&DocId=2832972#SOB-2002248
  68. ^ Virginia governor, in Japan, says it's too early to blame school in shooting rampage, Mainichi Daily News, April 17
  69. ^ Xinhua News Agency
  70. ^ "총기 난사' 범인, 한국계 23세 조승희 (The killer is Cho Seung-hui, a South Korean)" (in Korean). Chosunilbo. April 17, 2007. Retrieved 2007-04-17. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); External link in |publisher= (help)
  71. ^ "Gunman ID'd as student; tests tie same gun to both attacks". New York Newsday. Retrieved 2007-04-17.
  72. ^ "Shooter Identified as Cho Seung-Hui". ABC News. Retrieved 2007-04-17.
  73. ^ News Release: Nation Again Grieves Over A Tragedy Of Monumental Proportions, CNN, April 17.
  74. ^ Eight Years After Columbine, New York Times, April 17.
  75. ^ "Virginia Tech Shooting -- Gun Bans Are The Problem, Not The Solution". The Conservative Voice. 2007-04-16. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  76. ^ [2]
  77. ^ Bomb threat closes Torgersen Hall, Virginia Tech News, April 2, 2007
  78. ^ Shooting victims at Tech massacre named, The Roanoke Times, April 17, 2007
  79. ^ At least one dead in campus shooting, WDBJ7 Roanoke. April 16, 2007
  80. ^ a b Front page, Collegiate Times, April 16, 2007
  81. ^ Larry Hincker. "Shooting at Virginia Tech", Virginia Tech bulletin, April 16, 2007.
  82. ^ Timeline of Virginia Tech Shooting Spree WDBJ7
  83. ^ Virginia Tech Authorities Confirm 20 Fatalities, WDBJ, April 16 2007
  84. ^ "Bush 'horrified, concerned' by Virginia Tech massacre", Chicago Tribune, April 16, 2007.

See also

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