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The gluteus medius muscle starts, or "originates", on the outer surface of the [[ilium (bone)|ilium]] between the [[iliac crest]] and the [[posterior gluteal line]] above, and the [[anterior gluteal line]] below; the gluteus medius also originates from its own fascia, the [[gluteal aponeurosis]], that covers its outer surface.
The gluteus medius muscle starts, or "originates", on the outer surface of the [[ilium (bone)|ilium]] between the [[iliac crest]] and the [[posterior gluteal line]] above, and the [[anterior gluteal line]] below; the gluteus medius also originates from its own fascia, the [[gluteal aponeurosis]], that covers its outer surface.


The fibers of the muscle converge into a strong flattened [[tendon]] that inserts on the lateral surface of the [[greater trochanter]]. More specifically, the muscle's tendon inserts into an oblique ridge that runs downward and forward on the lateral surface of the greater trochanter.
The fibers of the muscle converge into a strong flattened [[tendon]] that inserts on the lateral surface of the [[greater trochanter]]. More specifically, the muscle's tendon inserts into an oblique ridge that runs downward and forward on the lateral surface of the greater trochanter. Before the insertion the fibers cross from anterior to posterior and vice versa.<ref>Hermann Braus, Curt Elze: ''Anatomie des Menschen. Ein Lehrbuch für Studierende und Ärzte. Erster Band. Bewegungsapparat''. 3. Auflage. Julius Springer, Berlin 1954. [https://digi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/diglit/braus1921bd1 Digitalisat der Universität Heidelberg]. p. 459 – 461.</ref>


===Relations===
===Relations===
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* The posterior part acting alone helps to extend and externally rotate the hip.
* The posterior part acting alone helps to extend and externally rotate the hip.
* The anterior and posterior parts working together abduct the hip and stabilize the pelvis in the coronal plane.<ref>Schünke, M., Schulte, E., Schumacher, U., Ross, L. M., & Lamperti, E. D. (2006). Thieme atlas of anatomy. Stuttgart: Thieme. page 424</ref>
* The anterior and posterior parts working together abduct the hip and stabilize the pelvis in the coronal plane.<ref>Schünke, M., Schulte, E., Schumacher, U., Ross, L. M., & Lamperti, E. D. (2006). Thieme atlas of anatomy. Stuttgart: Thieme. page 424</ref>
* Most of the muscle inserts behind the centre of rotation of the hip. However, its function changes in different positions of the femur. For example: If the leg is flexed, the whole muscle will flex.<ref>Siegfried Mollier: ''Plastische Anatomie. Die konstruktive Form des menschlichen Körpers''. Bergmann, München 1924.</ref>


==Clinical significance==
==Clinical significance==
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File:Cunningham’s Text-book of Anatomy (1914) - Fig 361.png|Attachment zone at the trochanter major.
File:Cunningham’s Text-book of Anatomy (1914) - Fig 361.png|Attachment zone at the trochanter major.
File:Cunningham’s Text-book of Anatomy (1914) - Fig 373.png|Attachment zone at the trochanter major.
File:Cunningham’s Text-book of Anatomy (1914) - Fig 373.png|Attachment zone at the trochanter major.
File:Braus 1921 127.png|The fibers of the gluteus medius cross from anterior to posterior and vice versa before its insertion at the greater Trochanter. The iliotibial tract has been partially removed.
File:Gray344.png|Structures surrounding right hip-joint.
File:Gray344.png|Structures surrounding right hip-joint.
File:Slide2hh.JPG|Gluteus medius muscle (shown in green text)
File:Slide2hh.JPG|Gluteus medius muscle (shown in green text)

Revision as of 15:37, 28 July 2024

Gluteus medius
Position of gluteus medius muscle (shown in red). Posterior view.
The gluteus medius and nearby muscles.
Details
OriginGluteal surface of ilium, under gluteus maximus, Aponeurosis glutea
InsertionGreater trochanter of the femur
ArterySuperior gluteal artery
NerveSuperior gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1 nerve roots)
ActionsAbduction of the hip; preventing adduction of the hip. Medial/internal rotation and flexion of the hip (anterior fibers). Extension and lateral/external rotation of the hip (posterior fibers)
AntagonistAdductors
Identifiers
Latinmusculus glutaeus medius
TA98A04.7.02.007
TA22599
FMA22315
Anatomical terms of muscle

The gluteus medius, one of the three gluteal muscles, is a broad, thick, radiating muscle. It is situated on the outer surface of the pelvis.

Its posterior third is covered by the gluteus maximus, its anterior two-thirds by the gluteal aponeurosis, which separates it from the superficial fascia and integument.

Structure

The gluteus medius muscle starts, or "originates", on the outer surface of the ilium between the iliac crest and the posterior gluteal line above, and the anterior gluteal line below; the gluteus medius also originates from its own fascia, the gluteal aponeurosis, that covers its outer surface.

The fibers of the muscle converge into a strong flattened tendon that inserts on the lateral surface of the greater trochanter. More specifically, the muscle's tendon inserts into an oblique ridge that runs downward and forward on the lateral surface of the greater trochanter. Before the insertion the fibers cross from anterior to posterior and vice versa.[1]

Relations

A bursa, the Bursa trochanterica m. glutaei medii, separates the tendon of the muscle from the surface of the trochanter over which it glides.[2]

Variations

The posterior border may be more or less closely united to the piriformis, or some of the fibers end on its tendon.

The posterior fibres of gluteus medius contract to produce hip extension, lateral rotation and abduction. During gait, the posterior fibres help to decelerate internal rotation of the femur at the end of swing phase.

Function

  • The anterior part acting alone helps to flex and internally rotate the hip.
  • The posterior part acting alone helps to extend and externally rotate the hip.
  • The anterior and posterior parts working together abduct the hip and stabilize the pelvis in the coronal plane.[3]
  • Most of the muscle inserts behind the centre of rotation of the hip. However, its function changes in different positions of the femur. For example: If the leg is flexed, the whole muscle will flex.[4]

Clinical significance

Dysfunction of the gluteus medius or the superior gluteal nerve can potentially be indicated by a positive Trendelenburg's sign.

Additional images

  • Position of gluteus medius muscle (shown in red). Hip bone is shown in semi-transparent.
    Position of gluteus medius muscle (shown in red). Hip bone is shown in semi-transparent.
  • Origin and attachment areas.
    Origin and attachment areas.
  • Origin zone at the ilium.
    Origin zone at the ilium.
  • Attachment zone at the trochanter major.
    Attachment zone at the trochanter major.
  • Attachment zone at the trochanter major.
    Attachment zone at the trochanter major.
  • The fibers of the gluteus medius cross from anterior to posterior and vice versa before its insertion at the greater Trochanter. The iliotibial tract has been partially removed.
    The fibers of the gluteus medius cross from anterior to posterior and vice versa before its insertion at the greater Trochanter. The iliotibial tract has been partially removed.
  • Structures surrounding right hip-joint.
    Structures surrounding right hip-joint.
  • Gluteus medius muscle (shown in green text)
    Gluteus medius muscle (shown in green text)

See also

This article uses anatomical terminology.

References

Public domain This article incorporates text in the public domain from page 474 of the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918)

  1. ^ Hermann Braus, Curt Elze: Anatomie des Menschen. Ein Lehrbuch für Studierende und Ärzte. Erster Band. Bewegungsapparat. 3. Auflage. Julius Springer, Berlin 1954. Digitalisat der Universität Heidelberg. p. 459 – 461.
  2. ^ Hahn von Dorsche, Herwig; Dittel, Reinhard (2006). Anatomie des Bewegungssystems (in German) (2nd ed.). Bad Hersfeld: Neuromedizin Verlag. pp. 269, 277–278, 289–290. ISBN 978-3-930926-18-3.
  3. ^ Schünke, M., Schulte, E., Schumacher, U., Ross, L. M., & Lamperti, E. D. (2006). Thieme atlas of anatomy. Stuttgart: Thieme. page 424
  4. ^ Siegfried Mollier: Plastische Anatomie. Die konstruktive Form des menschlichen Körpers. Bergmann, München 1924.
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