Tritonal: Difference between revisions
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{{About||the musical group|Tritonal (group)|the musical interval|Tritone}} |
{{About||the musical group|Tritonal (group)|the musical interval|Tritone}} |
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{{More citations needed|date=January 2023}} |
{{More citations needed|date=January 2023}} |
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[[File:RAF Bomber Command HU95286.jpg|thumb|right|A {{convert|4,000|lb|t|abbr=on}} [[blockbuster bomb]] being loaded onto a [[De Havilland Mosquito]] of the [[Royal Air Force|RAF]], circa 1944. The explosive filling of tritonal 80/20 is |
[[File:RAF Bomber Command HU95286.jpg|thumb|right|A {{convert|4,000|lb|t|abbr=on}} [[blockbuster bomb]] being loaded onto a [[De Havilland Mosquito]] of the [[Royal Air Force|RAF]], circa 1944. The explosive filling of tritonal 80/20 is stencilled on the side, inside the chalked "O" of "[[Adolf Hitler|Adolf]]"]] |
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[[File:M117_bomb.jpg|thumb|right|A {{convert|750|lb|kg|abbr=on}} [[M117 bomb]]. The explosive filling of tritonal is stencilled on the nose]] |
[[File:M117_bomb.jpg|thumb|right|A {{convert|750|lb|kg|abbr=on}} [[M117 bomb]]. The explosive filling of tritonal is stencilled on the nose]] |
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'''Tritonal''' is a mixture of 80% [[Trinitrotoluene|TNT]] and 20% [[aluminium]] [[powder (substance)|powder]], used in several types of [[Aircraft ordnance|ordnance]] such as [[air-dropped bomb]]s. The aluminium increases the total heat output and hence [[Impulse (physics)|impulse]] of the TNT – the length of time during which the blast wave is positive. Tritonal is approximately 18% more powerful than TNT alone.<ref name="llnl.gov">{{cite web |last=Maienschein |first=J. L. |date=July 8, 2002 |title=Estimating Equivalency of Explosives Through A Thermochemical Approach |url=https://e-reports-ext.llnl.gov/pdf/241114.pdf}}</ref> |
'''Tritonal''' is a mixture of 80% [[Trinitrotoluene|TNT]] and 20% [[aluminium]] [[powder (substance)|powder]], used in several types of [[Aircraft ordnance|ordnance]] such as [[air-dropped bomb]]s. The aluminium increases the total heat output and hence [[Impulse (physics)|impulse]] of the TNT – the length of time during which the blast wave is positive. Tritonal is approximately 18% more powerful than TNT alone.<ref name="llnl.gov">{{cite web |last=Maienschein |first=J. L. |date=July 8, 2002 |title=Estimating Equivalency of Explosives Through A Thermochemical Approach |url=https://e-reports-ext.llnl.gov/pdf/241114.pdf}}</ref> |
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Revision as of 00:33, 30 July 2024
 | This article needs additional citations for verification. (January 2023) |
Tritonal is a mixture of 80% TNT and 20% aluminium powder, used in several types of ordnance such as air-dropped bombs. The aluminium increases the total heat output and hence impulse of the TNT – the length of time during which the blast wave is positive. Tritonal is approximately 18% more powerful than TNT alone.[1]
The 87 kg of tritonal in a Mark 82 bomb has the potential to produce approximately 863 MJ of energy when detonated.[1] This implies a specific energy of approximately 9 MJ/kg, compared to ~4 MJ/kg for TNT.
History
TNT was first prepared by Julius Wilbrand in 1863. Germany began manufacturing TNT in 1891 and aluminium was first mixed with TNT in 1899 to produce an explosive compound. In 1902, the German Army began to use TNT, replacing picric acid, and in 1912, the US Army also started to use TNT. TNT production was limited by the availability of toluene which came from coal tar. Therefore, mixtures of TNT with other compounds became widespread to relieve the shortage of TNT. [2]
See also
References
- ^ a b Maienschein, J. L. (July 8, 2002). "Estimating Equivalency of Explosives Through A Thermochemical Approach" (PDF).
- ^ Akhavan, Jacqueline (2022-03-07). "Introduction to Explosives". The Chemistry of Explosives. doi:10.1039/BK9781839164460-00001 – via Royal Society of Chemistry.