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{{Infobox bilateral relations|Hong Kong–North Korea|Hong Kong|North Korea|filetype=png|size=200px}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}{{Infobox bilateral relations|Hong Kong–North Korea|Hong Kong|North Korea|filetype=png|size=200px}}


'''Hong Kong–North Korea relations''' ({{lang-ko|홍콩-조선민주주의인민공화국 관계}}) are [[bilateral relations]] between [[Hong Kong]] and [[Democratic People's Republic of Korea]].
'''Hong Kong–North Korea relations''' ({{lang-ko|홍콩-조선민주주의인민공화국 관계}}) are [[bilateral relations]] between [[Hong Kong]] and [[Democratic People's Republic of Korea]].


==History==
==History==
From the establishment of Democratic People's Republic of Korea in 1945 until after the establishment of the Hong Kong [[Special administrative regions of China|Special Administrative Region]] in 1997, there were no official relations.<ref name="SCMP">[http://www.scmp.com/article/325411/north-koreas-macau-based-trading-venture-opens-its-doors-deny-reports-espionage-and North Korea's Macau-based trading venture opens its doors to deny reports of espionage and shady deals], ''[[South China Morning Post]]'', 3 September 2000</ref> During the [[Korean War]] and the [[Cold War]], the two sides were on opposing sides. [[Hong Kong]], as first a [[colony]] then a [[dependent territory]] of the [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|United Kingdom]], formed part of the capitalist camp led by the [[United States]], while [[North Korea]] was an ally of the [[Soviet Union]] and [[People's Republic of China|Mainland China]]. Some Local Enlisted Personnel (LEP) joined with [[British Forces]] in combat in the Korean War. Hong Kong joined the embargo imposed on the [[communist bloc]] during the second half of the 20th century.
From the establishment of Democratic People's Republic of Korea in 1945 until after the establishment of the Hong Kong [[Special administrative regions of China|Special Administrative Region]] in 1997, there were no official relations.<ref name="SCMP">{{Cite web |last=Schloss |first=Glenn |date=2000-09-03 |title=North Korea's Macau-based trading venture opens its doors to deny reports of espionage and shady deals |url=https://www.scmp.com/article/325411/north-koreas-macau-based-trading-venture-opens-its-doors-deny-reports-espionage-and |access-date=2024-08-11 |website=South China Morning Post |language=en}}</ref> During the [[Korean War]] and the [[Cold War]], the two sides were on opposing sides. [[Hong Kong]], as first a [[colony]] then a [[dependent territory]] of the [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|United Kingdom]], formed part of the capitalist camp led by the [[United States]], while [[North Korea]] was an ally of the [[Soviet Union]] and [[People's Republic of China|Mainland China]]. Some Local Enlisted Personnel (LEP) joined with [[British Forces]] in combat in the Korean War. Hong Kong joined the embargo imposed on the [[communist bloc]] during the second half of the 20th century.


Following the [[Transfer of sovereignty over Hong Kong|transfer of sovereignty]] of Hong Kong to China, North Korea was able to open a [[Consulate-General]] in February 2000 by virtue of its diplomatic relations with Beijing, having previously not been allowed to establish a trade mission during [[British Hong Kong|British rule]].<ref name="SCMP" /> The Consulate General is located in [[Wan Chai]] on [[Hong Kong Island]]. In October 2023, North Korean officials informed the Chinese the Consulate General would be closed as part of broad cutbacks in its diplomatic missions.<ref>{{cite news |title=North Korea to Close Hong Kong Consulate General; Financial Difficulties Drive Closure of Diplomatic Establishments Worldwide |url=https://japannews.yomiuri.co.jp/world/asia-pacific/20231027-145991/ |access-date=18 November 2023 |work=japannews.yomiuri.co.jp |date=27 October 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
Following the [[Transfer of sovereignty over Hong Kong|transfer of sovereignty]] of Hong Kong to China, North Korea was able to open a [[Consulate-General]] in February 2000 by virtue of its diplomatic relations with Beijing, having previously not been allowed to establish a trade mission during [[British Hong Kong|British rule]].<ref name="SCMP" /> The Consulate General is located in [[Wan Chai]] on [[Hong Kong Island]]. In October 2023, North Korean officials informed the Chinese the Consulate General would be closed as part of broad cutbacks in its diplomatic missions.<ref>{{cite news |title=North Korea to Close Hong Kong Consulate General; Financial Difficulties Drive Closure of Diplomatic Establishments Worldwide |url=https://japannews.yomiuri.co.jp/world/asia-pacific/20231027-145991/ |access-date=18 November 2023 |work=japannews.yomiuri.co.jp |date=27 October 2023 |language=en}}</ref>


==Defectors from North Korea==
==Defectors from North Korea==
Hong Kong had been involved in two cases of [[North Korean defectors]]. The first was in 1996, by then a family of 16 people escaped from North Korea to Hong Kong via China. Among them five children and one pregnant woman applied for [[political asylum]] and were further transferred to [[South Korea]].<ref>[http://www.upi.com/Archives/1996/12/05/North-Korean-family-defects-in-Hong-Kong/3406849762000/ North Korean family defects in Hong Kong], [[UPI]], December 5, 1996</ref>
Hong Kong had been involved in two cases of [[North Korean defectors]]. In 1996, a family of 16 people escaped from North Korea to Hong Kong via China. Among them five children and one pregnant woman applied for [[political asylum]] and were further transferred to [[South Korea]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=1996-12-05 |title=North Korean family defects in Hong Kong - UPI Archives |url=https://www.upi.com/Archives/1996/12/05/North-Korean-family-defects-in-Hong-Kong/3406849762000/ |access-date=2024-08-11 |website=UPI |language=en}}</ref>


The second case was in late July 2016. A North Korean defector, who went to Hong Kong as a member of the North Korean delegation for the [[International Mathematical Olympiad]] at [[Hong Kong University of Science and Technology]], sought refuge at the Consulate General of the Republic of Korea (South Korea) in Hong Kong, which is located on the fifth floor of the Far East Finance Centre in [[Harcourt Road]], [[Admiralty, Hong Kong|Admiralty]], [[Hong Kong Island]].<ref>[http://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/article/1995728/security-stepped-after-north-korean-defector-seeks-refuge-hong-kongs North Korean defects at Hong Kong’s South Korean consulate], ''[[South China Morning Post]]'', 27 July 2016.</ref> The defector eventually left for South Korea around the last week of September 2016 after staying about 80 days in Hong Kong.<ref>[http://www.thestandard.com.hk/section-news.php?id=174583 North defector was holed up for 80 days], ''[[The Standard (Hong Kong)|The Standard]]'', 29 September 2016</ref>
In July 2016, [[Ri Jong-yol]] went to Hong Kong as part of the North Korean delegation for the [[International Mathematical Olympiad]] at [[Hong Kong University of Science and Technology]]; he defected immediately after he won a silver medal at the competition and sought refuge at the Consulate General of the Republic of Korea (South Korea) in Hong Kong.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-07-27 |title=Security stepped up after North Korean defector seeks refuge at Hong Kong’s South Korean consulate |url=https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/article/1995728/security-stepped-after-north-korean-defector-seeks-refuge-hong-kongs |access-date=2024-08-11 |website=South China Morning Post |language=en}}</ref> The defector eventually left for South Korea around the last week of September 2016 after staying about 80 days in Hong Kong.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Chan |first=Hol-Him |date=2016-09-26 |title=North defector was holed up for 80 days |url=https://www.thestandard.com.hk/section-news/section/11/174583/North-defector-was-holed-up-for-80-days |access-date=2024-08-11 |website=The Standard |language=en}}</ref>


==Economic relations==
==Economic relations==
Hong Kong is the second largest trading partner of North Korea.<ref>[http://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/article/1327213/how-did-hong-kong-become-north-koreas-no-2-trading-partner How did Hong Kong become North Korea’s No 2 trading partner?], [[SCMP]], 8-10-2013</ref> Hong Kong and North Korea cooperate in several international organisations, with a focus on social and cultural issues. Despite Hong Kong being the second freest market economy in the world<ref>{{Cite web |title=Economic Freedom |url=https://www.fraserinstitute.org/studies/economic-freedom |access-date=2024-01-05 |website=Fraser Institute |language=en}}</ref> and North Korea being a [[planned economy]], the economic success of Hong Kong has served as a model for the development of the [[Sinuiju Special Administrative Region]], described by its proponents as being the "Hong Kong of North Korea".<ref>{{cite news|title = Californian May Oversee N. Korea Economic Zone|url = http://articles.latimes.com/2004/sep/08/world/fg-koreaczar8|newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]]|date = 8 September 2004}}</ref>
Hong Kong is the second largest trading partner of North Korea.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Yoo |first=Audrey |date=2013-10-08 |title=How did Hong Kong become North Korea’s No 2 trading partner? |url=https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/article/1327213/how-did-hong-kong-become-north-koreas-no-2-trading-partner |access-date=2024-08-11 |website=South China Morning Post |language=en}}</ref> Hong Kong and North Korea cooperate in several international organisations, with a focus on social and cultural issues. Despite Hong Kong being the second freest market economy in the world<ref>{{Cite web |title=Economic Freedom |url=https://www.fraserinstitute.org/studies/economic-freedom |access-date=2024-01-05 |website=Fraser Institute |language=en}}</ref> and North Korea being a [[planned economy]], the economic success of Hong Kong had served as a model for the planning of the [[Sinuiju Special Administrative Region]], described by its proponents as being the "Hong Kong of North Korea"; it ultimately never went into fruition due to [[Yang Bin (businessman)|Yang Bin]]'s arrest by Chinese authorities.<ref>{{cite news |last=Demick |first=Barbara |date=2004-09-08 |title=Californian May Oversee N. Korea Economic Zone |url=http://articles.latimes.com/2004/sep/08/world/fg-koreaczar8 |access-date=2024-08-11 |newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]] |language=en}}</ref>


==Cultural and educational==
==Cultural and educational==
In December 2016, the [[Secretary for Education (Hong Kong)|Secretary of Education of Hong Kong]], [[Eddie Ng Hak-kim]] attended a formal meeting with the newly appointed North Korean Consul-General, [[Jang Song Chol]], in Hong Kong. Afterward, Ng posted on his [[Facebook]] page stating that he "anticipated exchanges in cultural and educational affairs will be strengthened in the future." Ng's statement received generally negative response, being blamed that North Korean style "[[brainwashing]]" should not be a shared common ground between Hong Kong and North Korea.<ref>[http://www.hk01.com/%E6%B8%AF%E8%81%9E/61587/%E5%90%B3%E5%85%8B%E5%84%89%E6%99%A4%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E7%B8%BD%E9%A0%98%E4%BA%8B-%E5%80%A1%E5%8A%A0%E5%BC%B7%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E5%8F%8A%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E4%BA%A4%E6%B5%81-%E7%B6%B2%E6%B0%91-%E5%AC%B2%E5%AC%B2-%E5%8A%A3%E8%A9%95 吳克儉晤朝鮮總領事　倡加強教育及文化交流　網民「嬲嬲」劣評] in ''Hong Kong 01'', 2016-12-22</ref><ref>[http://news.mingpao.com/ins/instantnews/web_tc/article/20161224/s00001/1482545089926 【網上熱話】吳克儉晤朝鮮總領事倡加強教育交流　網民「嬲嬲」大罵], ''[[Mingpao]]'', 24-12-2016</ref>
In December 2016, the [[Secretary for Education (Hong Kong)|Secretary of Education of Hong Kong]], [[Eddie Ng]] attended a formal meeting with the newly appointed North Korean Consul-General, Jang Song Chol, in Hong Kong, discussing the current state of Hong Kong's education. Afterward, Ng posted on his [[Facebook]] page stating that he "anticipated exchanges in cultural and educational affairs will be strengthened in the future." Ng's statement was received negatively by the public, with netizens noting that North Korean style "[[brainwashing]]" should not be a shared common ground between Hong Kong and North Korea.<ref>{{Cite web |last=廖潔然 |date=2016-12-22 |title=吳克儉晤朝鮮總領事 倡加強教育及文化交流 網民「嬲嬲」劣評 |url=https://www.hk01.com/%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E/61587/%E5%90%B3%E5%85%8B%E5%84%89%E6%99%A4%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E7%B8%BD%E9%A0%98%E4%BA%8B-%E5%80%A1%E5%8A%A0%E5%BC%B7%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E5%8F%8A%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E4%BA%A4%E6%B5%81-%E7%B6%B2%E6%B0%91-%E5%AC%B2%E5%AC%B2-%E5%8A%A3%E8%A9%95 |access-date=2024-08-11 |website=香港01 |language=zh-HK}}</ref>


==References==
==References==

Revision as of 08:10, 11 August 2024

Hong Kong–North Korea relations
Map indicating locations of Hong Kong and North Korea

Hong Kong
North Korea

Hong Kong–North Korea relations (Template:Lang-ko) are bilateral relations between Hong Kong and Democratic People's Republic of Korea.

History

From the establishment of Democratic People's Republic of Korea in 1945 until after the establishment of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region in 1997, there were no official relations.[1] During the Korean War and the Cold War, the two sides were on opposing sides. Hong Kong, as first a colony then a dependent territory of the United Kingdom, formed part of the capitalist camp led by the United States, while North Korea was an ally of the Soviet Union and Mainland China. Some Local Enlisted Personnel (LEP) joined with British Forces in combat in the Korean War. Hong Kong joined the embargo imposed on the communist bloc during the second half of the 20th century.

Following the transfer of sovereignty of Hong Kong to China, North Korea was able to open a Consulate-General in February 2000 by virtue of its diplomatic relations with Beijing, having previously not been allowed to establish a trade mission during British rule.[1] The Consulate General is located in Wan Chai on Hong Kong Island. In October 2023, North Korean officials informed the Chinese the Consulate General would be closed as part of broad cutbacks in its diplomatic missions.[2]

Defectors from North Korea

Hong Kong had been involved in two cases of North Korean defectors. In 1996, a family of 16 people escaped from North Korea to Hong Kong via China. Among them five children and one pregnant woman applied for political asylum and were further transferred to South Korea.[3]

In July 2016, Ri Jong-yol went to Hong Kong as part of the North Korean delegation for the International Mathematical Olympiad at Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; he defected immediately after he won a silver medal at the competition and sought refuge at the Consulate General of the Republic of Korea (South Korea) in Hong Kong.[4] The defector eventually left for South Korea around the last week of September 2016 after staying about 80 days in Hong Kong.[5]

Economic relations

Hong Kong is the second largest trading partner of North Korea.[6] Hong Kong and North Korea cooperate in several international organisations, with a focus on social and cultural issues. Despite Hong Kong being the second freest market economy in the world[7] and North Korea being a planned economy, the economic success of Hong Kong had served as a model for the planning of the Sinuiju Special Administrative Region, described by its proponents as being the "Hong Kong of North Korea"; it ultimately never went into fruition due to Yang Bin's arrest by Chinese authorities.[8]

Cultural and educational

In December 2016, the Secretary of Education of Hong Kong, Eddie Ng attended a formal meeting with the newly appointed North Korean Consul-General, Jang Song Chol, in Hong Kong, discussing the current state of Hong Kong's education. Afterward, Ng posted on his Facebook page stating that he "anticipated exchanges in cultural and educational affairs will be strengthened in the future." Ng's statement was received negatively by the public, with netizens noting that North Korean style "brainwashing" should not be a shared common ground between Hong Kong and North Korea.[9]

References

  1. ^ a b Schloss, Glenn (3 September 2000). "North Korea's Macau-based trading venture opens its doors to deny reports of espionage and shady deals". South China Morning Post. Retrieved 11 August 2024.
  2. ^ "North Korea to Close Hong Kong Consulate General; Financial Difficulties Drive Closure of Diplomatic Establishments Worldwide". japannews.yomiuri.co.jp. 27 October 2023. Retrieved 18 November 2023.
  3. ^ "North Korean family defects in Hong Kong - UPI Archives". UPI. 5 December 1996. Retrieved 11 August 2024.
  4. ^ "Security stepped up after North Korean defector seeks refuge at Hong Kong's South Korean consulate". South China Morning Post. 27 July 2016. Retrieved 11 August 2024.
  5. ^ Chan, Hol-Him (26 September 2016). "North defector was holed up for 80 days". The Standard. Retrieved 11 August 2024.
  6. ^ Yoo, Audrey (8 October 2013). "How did Hong Kong become North Korea's No 2 trading partner?". South China Morning Post. Retrieved 11 August 2024.
  7. ^ "Economic Freedom". Fraser Institute. Retrieved 5 January 2024.
  8. ^ Demick, Barbara (8 September 2004). "Californian May Oversee N. Korea Economic Zone". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 11 August 2024.
  9. ^ 廖潔然 (22 December 2016). "吳克儉晤朝鮮總領事 倡加強教育及文化交流 網民「嬲嬲」劣評". 香港01 (in Chinese (Hong Kong)). Retrieved 11 August 2024.
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