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[[File:Shilin Official Residence1.jpg|right|thumb|Shilin Official Residence]]
[[File:Shilin Official Residence1.jpg|right|thumb|Shilin Official Residence]]
* [[Fort Zeelandia (Taiwan)|Fort Zeelandia]] – former residence for [[Governor of Formosa|Governor]] of [[Dutch Formosa]] and Prince of Yanping under the [[Kingdom of Tungning]], [[Tainan]].
* [[Fort Zeelandia (Taiwan)|Fort Zeelandia]] – former residence for [[Governor of Formosa|Governor]] of [[Dutch Formosa]] and Prince of Yanping under the [[Kingdom of Tungning]], [[Tainan]].
* [[Fort San Domingo]] and [[w:zh:聖薩爾瓦多城|Fort San Salvador]] – Governor of [[Spanish Formosa]].
* [[Fort Santo Domingo]] and [[w:zh:聖薩爾瓦多城|Fort San Salvador]] – Governor of [[Spanish Formosa]].
* [[Qing Dynasty Taiwan Provincial Administration Hall]] – former site of the [[Qing dynasty]] government yamen that ruled Taiwan.
* [[Qing Dynasty Taiwan Provincial Administration Hall]] – former site of the [[Qing dynasty]] government yamen that ruled Taiwan.
* [[Presidential Office Building, Taipei|Presidential Office Building]], Taipei – originally built as the Office of the [[Governor-General of Taiwan]] during the [[Taiwan under Japanese rule|period of Japanese rule]]
* [[Presidential Office Building, Taipei|Presidential Office Building]], Taipei – originally built as the Office of the [[Governor-General of Taiwan]] during the [[Taiwan under Japanese rule|period of Japanese rule]]

Revision as of 20:43, 15 August 2024

Main article: Palace

The following is a list of palaces by country.

Afghanistan

Albania

Algeria

Armenia

Urartu and Satrapy of Armenia

Erebuni Palace

Kingdom of Armenia (antiquity)

Summer Palace of Khosrovidukht

Bagratid Armenia

Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia

Armenian Melikdoms

The Palace of Armenian Melik Haykazyan

Iranian Armenia

Hall of mirrors in Sardars Palace of Yerevan
Melik-Aghamalyan's Palace in Kond

Armenia

Presidential Palace in Yerevan

Australia

Austria

Azerbaijan

Main article: List of palaces in Azerbaijan

Bangladesh

Ahsan Manzil in Dhaka

Belarus

Belgium

The Royal Palace of Brussels

Brussels

Elsewhere

Benin

Bhutan

Bolivia

Brazil

Palácio do Planalto, Brasília
Palácio da Alvorada, Brasília
Itamaraty Palace, Brasília
Palace of Petrópolis, Petrópolis
Palace of São Cristóvão, Rio de Janeiro
Quitandinha Palace, Petrópolis
Ipiranga Palace, São Paulo
Paço Imperial, Rio de Janeiro

Brunei

Bulgaria

Varna and Black Sea coast

  • Euxinograd – former royal summer residence located on the Black Sea coast, in the outskirts of Varna. The palace is currently a governmental and presidential retreat hosting cabinet meetings in the summer and offering access for tourists to several villas and hotels as well as the gardens.
Euxinograd Palace, Varna.

Ruse

Sofia

Battenberg Palace, Ruse.

Other Historic Palaces

The following are historic strongholds throughout the years in the different capitals of Bulgaria. They often housed the royal and patriarchal palaces and are enclosed in defensive walls around their perimeter.

Royal Palace of Sofia, now houses the National Art Gallery.

Other Royal Palaces

These are mostly hunting lodges and retreats for the Bulgarian Royal Family, located in the Rila Mountain range.

Burundi

Cambodia

Royal Palace of Cambodia: Throne Hall (left) and the Khemarin Palace (right)

Canada

Rideau Hall.

Residences of provincial Lieutenant-Governors:

Chile

China

Main article: Chinese palace

The English word "palace" is used to translated the Chinese word 宮 (pronounced "gōng" in Mandarin). This character represents two rooms connected (呂), under a roof (宀). Originally the character applied to any residence or mansion, but starting with the Qin dynasty (3rd century BC) it was used only for the residence of the emperor and members of the imperial family. Chinese palaces are different from post-Renaissance European palaces in the sense that they are not made up of one building only (however big and convoluted the building may be), but are in fact huge spaces surrounded by a wall and containing large separated halls (殿 diàn) for ceremonies and official business, as well as smaller buildings, galleries, courtyards, gardens, and outbuildings, more like the Roman or Carolingian palatium.

The world's largest palace to have ever existed,[12] the Weiyang Palace, was built in the Han dynasty. The world's largest palace currently still in existence,[13][14][15] the Forbidden City, was constructed in the Ming dynasty.

List of Chinese imperial palaces, in chronological order

This is an incomplete list of Chinese palaces.

Hall of Supreme Harmony, Forbidden City, Beijing
Xinhua Gate, formal entrance to the Zhongnanhai compound.
  • Forbidden City (紫禁城), now known in China as Beijing's Old Palace (北京故宫), in Jingshi (京師), now called Beijing (北京): imperial palace of the Ming dynasty and Qing dynasty from 1421 until 1924. Area: 720,000 m2 (178 acres). The Forbidden City is the world's largest palace currently in existence.[13][14][15]

Apart from the main imperial palace, Chinese dynasties also had several other imperial palaces in the capital city where the empress, crown prince, or other members of the imperial family dwelled. There also existed palaces outside of the capital city called "away palaces" (離宮) where the emperors resided when traveling. The habit also developed of building garden estates in the countryside surrounding the capital city, where the emperors retired at times to get away from the rigid etiquette of the imperial palace, or simply to escape from the summer heat inside their capital. This practice reached a zenith with the Qing dynasty, whose emperors built the fabulous Imperial Gardens (御園), now known in China as the Gardens of Perfect Brightness (圓明園), and better known in English as the Old Summer Palace. The emperors of the Qing Dynasty resided and worked in the Imperial Gardens, 8 km/5 miles outside of the walls of Beijing, the Forbidden City inside Beijing being used only for formal ceremonies.

These gardens were made up of three gardens: the Garden of Perfect Brightness proper, the Garden of Eternal Spring (長春園), and the Elegant Spring Garden (綺春園); they covered a huge area of 3.5 km2 (865 acres), almost 5 times the size of the Forbidden City, and 8 times the size of the Vatican City. comprising hundreds of halls, pavilions, temples, galleries, gardens, lakes, etc. Several famous landscapes of southern China had been reproduced in the Imperial Gardens, hundreds of invaluable Chinese art masterpieces and antiquities were stored in the halls, making the Imperial Gardens one of the largest museum in the world. Some unique copies of literary work and compilations were also stored inside the Imperial Gardens. In 1860, during the Second Opium War, the British and French expeditionary forces looted the Old Summer Palace. Then on October 18, 1860, in order to "punish" the imperial court, which had refused to allow Western embassies inside Beijing, the British general Lord Elgin – with protestations from the French – purposely ordered to set fire to the huge complex which burned to the ground. It took 3500 British troops to set the entire place ablaze and took three whole days to burn. The burning of the Gardens of Perfect Brightness is still a very sensitive issue in China today.

Following this cultural catastrophe, the imperial court was forced to relocate to the old and austere Forbidden City where it stayed until 1924, when the Last Emperor was expelled by a republican army. Empress dowager Cixi (慈禧太后) built the Summer Palace (頤和園 – "The Garden of Nurtured Harmony") near the Old Summer Palace, but on a much smaller scale than the Old Summer Palace. There are currently some projects in China to rebuild the Imperial Gardens, but this appears as a colossal undertaking, and no rebuilding has started yet.

Other palaces

Some other palaces include:

Colombia

Croatia

Czech Republic

Prague

Elsewhere

Denmark

Main article: List of castles and palaces in Denmark
Amalienborg Palace

Egypt

Pharaonic

Ptolemaic

Roman

  • 100 AD Roman palace at El Haiz area in the Bahariya Oasis, western desert.

Arab-Islamic

Modern Egypt

Estonia

Ethiopia

  • Jubilee Palace (National Palace) – seat of the president, former imperial palace

Finland

France

Main article: List of palaces in France

Georgia

Dadiani Palace Zugdidi, Georgia

Germany

Main article: List of palaces in Germany

Ghana

  • The Manhyia Palace (Asantehene's Palace) – seat of the Asantehene of Ashanti, Kumasi
  • The Flagstaff House (Presidential Palace) – seat of government until the late 1970s, Accra
  • The Christianborg (Osu Castle) – former seat of the government till December 2008, Accra
  • The Golden Jubilee Palace (Presidential Palace) formerly known as the "Flagstaff House" – seat of Government since December 2008, Accra

The Abampredease Palace. Palace of Dormaahene

Greece

The Old Royal Palace today

Haiti

Hungary

India

Main article: List of palaces in India
Khas Mahal, Agra Fort, Agra
British Residency in Asramam, Kollam city
Lake Palace in Udaipur
Hazarduari Palace was the residence of the Nawabs of Bengal and is now a museum.
Red Fort in Delhi.
Cooch Behar Palace

Indonesia

Main article: List of palaces in Indonesia
Istana Merdeka, the President Official Residence in Jakarta.
Istana Bogor, the Presidential Palace in Bogor.
Istana Maimun or Maimun Palace, seat of Sultanate of Deli in Medan.
Puri Agung Klungkung or Klungkung Palace, seat of Kingdom of Klungkung in Klungkung Regency, Bali.
Kraton Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat or Yogyakarta Royal Palace, seat of Sultanate of Yogyakarta in Yogyakarta.
Kraton Surakarta Hadiningrat or Surakarta Royal Palace, seat of Sunanate of Surakarta in Surakarta.

Presidential palaces

Royal palaces

Iran

Palaces and pavilions

The ruins of Apadana palace in Persepolis (built 2500 years ago during the reign of the Achaemenid Empire)
The ruins of Tachara palace in Persepolis (exclusive palace of Darius the Great, one of the interior palaces in Persepolis)
Falak-ol-Aflak Castle, Khorramabad
Ali Qapu in Isfahan
Tabriz Municipality Palace

Castles and citadels

Iraq

Italy

Main article: List of palaces in Italy
View of the gardens of Caserta
Ca' Rezzonico, Venice

Rome

Florence

Venice

Elsewhere

Japan

View on Seimon Ishibashi and moat of Imperial Palace, Tokyo

Jordan

Raghadan Palace, Amman. Royal Residence of the Hussein Family

Korea

Gyeongbok Palace, Seoul
Gyeongbok Palace and the Blue House, Seoul
Deoksu Palace, Seoul

Kuwait

  • Seif Palace – the official residence of the head of state
  • Bayan Palace
  • Al Salam Palace – Currently a Museum
  • Kuwait Red Palace – Currently a Museum
  • Dasman Palace – Established in 1904, Sheikh Ahmed Al-Sabah, the tenth ruler of Kuwait in 1930 made it his official residence, It is currently one of Kuwait's historic palaces.
  • Mishref Palace – Located in Mishref and was Built by Sheikh Mubarak Al-Sabah in 1900, it was restored in the early 1940s.
  • Naif Palace – built In 1919, during the reign of Sheikh Salem Al-Mubarak Al-Sabah. It is currently the Building of Al Asimah Governorate.

Laos

Latvia

Lebanon

The Grand Serail in Beirut in the late 1800s
Panoramic view of the Beiteddine Palace

Lithuania

Presidential Palace in Vilnius

Luxembourg

Malaysia

Main article: List of palaces in Malaysia

Mexico

See also: List of castles in Mexico
National Palace of Mexico
Mexico City's Palace of Fine Arts

Monaco

The Princely Palace of Monaco

Mongolia

Morocco

The gates of the Royal Palace in Fez
Restored salon in the Dar Jamai in Meknes

Myanmar

Nepal

Narayanhiti Palace

The Netherlands

Soestdijk Palace
Het Loo Palace

New Zealand

Mahinarangi meeting house

Apart from the large complex at Tūrangawaewae Marae located in the town of Ngāruawāhia, the previous Māori Monarch Te Atairangikaahu had a home at Waahi Marae in Huntly where she lived for most of her 40-year reign with her consort Whatumoana Paki. The Māori King or Queen are required to attend 33 Poukai annually conducted at Marae loyal to the Kingitangi movement. Many of these Marae maintain residences for the Māori King or Queen for them to use during such visits.

Nigeria

Norway

Oman

Al Alam Palace

Pakistan

Mohatta Palace in Karachi, Pakistan.
Noor Mahal in Bahawalpur, Pakistan.

Paraguay

Lopez Presidential Palace in Asunción, Paraguay

Peru

Philippines

The Mansion, Baguio.
  • Coconut Palace
  • Malacañang Palace – the official residence of the president of the Philippines, Manila
  • Malacañang sa Sugbo – the presidential residence in Cebu City
  • The Mansion, Baguio – the presidential residence in Baguio
  • Palacio del Gobernador – historical official residence of former Governor Generals, now used as a government building
  • Ayuntamiento de Manila – former official residence and office of the Mayor of Manila, now houses the Bureau of Treasury.
  • Archbishop's Palace – historical residence of the Arzobispo de Manila in Intramuros
  • Archbishop's Palace – current residence of the Arzobispo de Manila in Villa San Miguel, Mandaluyong.
  • Archbishop's Palace – temporary residence of the Archbishop of Manila in the past, located in San Fernando, Pampanga
  • The Astana Putih or The Sultan's Palace – original residence of the Sultan of Sulu located in Maimbung, Sulu.
  • Torogan – Classical period residences for maranao Sultan.

Poland

Royal Palace, Warsaw
Palace on the Water in Warsaw
Branicki Palace in Białystok
Krasiński Palace, Warsaw
Rogalin Palace
Sobański Palace
Żyrowa Palace

Warsaw

Portugal

Main article: List of palaces in Portugal

Qatar

  • Al Rayyan Palace
  • Al Wukair Palace
  • Markhiya Palace
  • Barzan Palace
  • Amiri Diwan Palace
  • Umm Salal Palace
  • Al Wajbah Palace
  • Al Gharrafa Palace
  • Al Jassasiya Palace
  • Al Mirgab Palace
  • Al Waab Palace

Romania

Patriarchal Palace, Bucharest

Bucharest

Russia

Terem Palace
Winter Palace
Peterhof Palace
Catherine Palace
Gatchina Palace
Massandra Palace

Gatchina

Kaliningrad

Moscow

Oranienbaum

Pavlovsk

Pella

Peterhof

Pushkin

Ramon

Saint Petersburg

Strelna

Taganrog

Tver

Rwanda

Saudi Arabia

Main article: ar:قائمة قصور السعودية

Serbia

Royal Palace of the Obrenović dynasty of Serbia, presently housing the City Assembly of Belgrade
Main article: List of palaces and manor houses in Serbia

Singapore

Slovakia

Grassalkovich Palace, Bratislava
Main article: List of palaces in Bratislava

South Africa

Palace of Justice, Pretoria
See also: Castles of South Africa

Spain

Palacio Real, Madrid
Olite palace
Palau Reial Major
Palacio de San Telmo
La Granja Palace

Sri Lanka

Sweden

The Royal Palace in Stockholm
Drottningholm Palace

Skåne

The province of Skåne (Scania) in southernmost Sweden is well known for its many castles.

Syria

Facade of the Azm Palace of Damascus

Taiwan

Presidential Office Building, Taipei
Taipei Guest House, Taipei
Shilin Official Residence

Thailand

Grand Palace, Bangkok
Sanamchan Palace, Nakhon Pathom
Bang Pa-In Royal Palace, Ayutthaya Province
Main article: List of Thai royal residences

Tonga

  • Royal Palace, Tonga-Royal Palace of the Kingdom of Tonga is located in the northwest of the capital, Nukuʻalofa, close to the Pacific Ocean.

Tunisia

Turkey

Dolmabahçe Palace, Istanbul
Beylerbeyi Palace, İstanbul

In Turkish, a palace is a Saray.

Turkmenistan

Ukraine

Potocki Palace, Lviv
Livadia Palace

United Arab Emirates

United Kingdom

Main article: List of palaces in the United Kingdom

United States

Colorado

District of Columbia

Florida

Government House, 2011

Guam

Plaza de España, Almacen Entrance
  • Plaza de España - the site of the palace of the Spanish Governors of Guam. The palace itself was largely destroyed during the liberation of Guam however many outlying structures still stand and there are plans to possibly reconstruct the palace in the future.[74]

Hawaiʻi

ʻIolani Palace, Honolulu
Main article: List of Hawaiian royal residences

New Jersey

  • Proprietary House – Home of both the Proprietary Governors of New Jersey from 1766 to 1773 and the Royal Governor of New Jersey, William Franklin from 1774 to 1776.

New Mexico

Palace of the Governors, Santa Fe

North Carolina

Pennsylvania

  • Pennsbury Manor – Home of William Penn as Proprietor of Pennsylvania from 1683 to 1701.

Puerto Rico

Texas

Bishop's Palace, Galveston circa 1970
Inside of Spanish Governor's Palace in San Antonio, Texas

Virginia

Vatican City

Venezuela

Vietnam

List of non-residential palaces

Some large impressive buildings which were not meant to be residences, but are nonetheless called palaces, include:

Note, too, the French use of the word palais in such constructions as palais des congrès (convention centre) and palais de justice (courthouse).

See also

References

  1. ^ reuters.com
  2. ^ "Erebuni-ancient palace-fortress, Armenia".
  3. ^ "Archaeological Site of Ani-UNESCO". whc.unesco.org.
  4. ^ "The Merchant's Palace". virtualani.org.
  5. ^ Artak Ghulyan. "Castles (Palaces) Of Meliks Of Artsakh And Siunik". Archived from the original on 2021-04-13. The melikal palaces have mainly been the defence point, the special citadel of the residence-center, and they have also been called fortresses for this reason (Kashatagh, Kaghakategh, Mokhratagh, Horekavan, Gulatagh, Shushi).
  6. ^ "University Botanical Garden - Balchik". 2014-10-17. Archived from the original on 2014-10-17. Retrieved 2020-07-17.
  7. ^ "Balchik Info". 2006-04-28. Archived from the original on 2006-04-28. Retrieved 2020-07-17.
  8. ^ Overview, Veliko Tarnovo; says, Travel Guide « Blazing Bulgaria (2012-07-28). "Like an Eastern Block Leader". Blazing Bulgaria. Retrieved 2020-07-17.
  9. ^ "Британската резиденция в София - една красавица на сто години | Момичетата от града". Momichetata.com (in Bulgarian). 29 June 2014. Retrieved 2020-07-17.
  10. ^ "Български банкер дава дом на френската легация". Строител (in Bulgarian). 2011-06-17. Retrieved 2020-07-17.
  11. ^ Galbraith, William; Canadian Parliamentary Review: Fiftieth Anniversary of the 1939 Royal Visit; Vol. 12, No. 3, 1989
  12. ^ a b Spilsbury, Louise (2019). Ancient China. Capstone. p. 20. ISBN 9781515725596.
  13. ^ a b Bhutoria, Sundeep (2019). China Diary. Pan Macmillan. ISBN 9781529045284.
  14. ^ a b Bushell, Stephen (2012). Chinese Art. Parkstone International. p. 41. ISBN 9781780429243.
  15. ^ a b Bandarin, Francesco; van Oers, Ron (2012). The Historic Urban Landscape: Managing Heritage in an Urban Century. John Wiley & Sons. p. 17. ISBN 9781119968092.
  16. ^ Ballas palace
  17. ^ "Photo of preserved parts of the palace". Archived from the original on 2009-07-13. Retrieved 2013-07-02.
  18. ^ a b Photo of the palace remains
  19. ^ Palace of Apries, background information
  20. ^ Pharaoh Apries Wahibre
  21. ^ a b c Cleopatra palace Archived 2008-02-16 at the Wayback Machine
  22. ^ Old Cairo history Archived 2009-09-23 at the Wayback Machine
  23. ^ a b Rabat, Nasser (1991). The Citadel of Cairo, 1176-1341: reconstructing architecture from texts. Ph.D. thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Architecture.
  24. ^ The Mamluk Sultans
  25. ^ Plan of the Sultan al-Salih palace
  26. ^ Amir Alin Aq Palace Archived 2010-06-20 at the Wayback Machine
  27. ^ Reviving Cairo Archived 2008-07-11 at the Wayback Machine
  28. ^ The Madrasa-Mosque of Amir Khayerbak (1520–21)
  29. ^ Palaces of Pashas
  30. ^ Palace of Mangak as-Silahdar Archived 2010-12-14 at the Wayback Machine
  31. ^ Amir Qawsun Palace Archived 2010-12-14 at the Wayback Machine
  32. ^ a b c Bestak Palace museum Archived 2008-07-04 at the Wayback Machine
  33. ^ The Mameluke Amir Taz Palace history
  34. ^ Amir Taz Palace Archived 2010-12-14 at the Wayback Machine
  35. ^ Prince Tashtamur palace Archived 2010-12-14 at the Wayback Machine
  36. ^ Al Ghouri palace Archived 2008-05-19 at the Wayback Machine
  37. ^ Insert Al-Ghouri Palace Archived 2008-05-18 at the Wayback Machine
  38. ^ Bait al-Qady Archived 2011-05-25 at the Wayback Machine
  39. ^ Palace of al-Ashraf Qaytbay Archived 2011-05-25 at the Wayback Machine
  40. ^ Jamal al Din al Dhahabi House archnet.org – Gamal al-Din al-Dhahabi Archived 2011-05-25 at the Wayback Machine
  41. ^ El-Aini Palace
  42. ^ Harawi residence
  43. ^ Historic houses in Cairo
  44. ^ Musafirkhana Palace Archived 2010-12-14 at the Wayback Machine
  45. ^ "Musafirkhana Palace or Qasr el-Shook". Archived from the original on 2014-03-28. Retrieved 2013-07-02.
  46. ^ Destruction of Musafirkhana Palace
  47. ^ Historic houses & palaces
  48. ^ Al-Sinnari House Archived 2012-09-01 at the Wayback Machine
  49. ^ Historic houses in Cairo Archived 2012-09-01 at the Wayback Machine
  50. ^ "Egypttoday.com – Cultural Cairo". Archived from the original on 2007-08-24. Retrieved 2013-07-02.
  51. ^ "hsje.org". Archived from the original on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2013-07-02.
  52. ^ a b c d e f g h i Palaces on the nile Archived 2008-07-04 at the Wayback Machine
  53. ^ arabicnews.com – The History of Zaafarama palace Archived 2012-02-08 at the Wayback Machine
  54. ^ Garden City : A Retrospective Part II, August 20, 1998 Archived July 4, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
  55. ^ Harem palace at Citadel Archived 2010-12-14 at the Wayback Machine
  56. ^ "W&J: Cairo, Egypt". Archived from the original on 2010-05-27. Retrieved 2008-07-10. & [1]
  57. ^ archnet.org – Gezirah palace Archived 2010-12-14 at the Wayback Machine
  58. ^ egy.com – Sakakaini palace Archived 2008-02-25 at the Wayback Machine
  59. ^ Habib Sakakini Palace Archived 2010-12-14 at the Wayback Machine
  60. ^ Al-Ahram Weekly | A constructive streak Archived 2012-10-15 at the Wayback Machine
  61. ^ Egypt State Information Service Archived 2008-05-20 at the Wayback Machine
  62. ^ "et – Full Story". Archived from the original on 2007-11-17. Retrieved 2013-07-02.
  63. ^ egy.com – Koubbeh palace Archived 2008-07-04 at the Wayback Machine
  64. ^ egy.com – Tahra palace Archived 2009-10-04 at the Wayback Machine
  65. ^ "مصر تستعد لترميم قصر "السلطانة ملك" في القاهرة | الشرق الأوسط" (in Arabic). July 12, 2020. Archived from the original on 2020-07-12.
  66. ^ "Cultural Cairo". Archived from the original on 2020-03-27. Retrieved 2013-07-02.
  67. ^ egy.com – The Belgians of Egypt Archived 2006-07-19 at the Wayback Machine
  68. ^ egy.com – Heliopolis Palace Hotel Archived 2008-02-19 at the Wayback Machine
  69. ^ Egypt State Information Service – Mohammed Mahmoud Khalil Museum Archived 2008-05-19 at the Wayback Machine
  70. ^ egyptsites.co.uk
  71. ^ Desert research center
  72. ^ patrimonionacional.es Archived 2006-12-12 at the Wayback Machine
  73. ^ "Istanbul Luxury Hotel | Four Seasons Hotel Istanbul at the Bosphorus".
  74. ^ "Re-construction of the Palacio at the Plaza de España". guampreservationtrust.org. Guam Preservation trust. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
  75. ^ Spanish Governor's Palace at the City of San Antonio Parks and Recreation
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