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{{nihongo|'''Shin Hirayama'''|平山 信|Hirayama Shin|extra=1868&ndash;1945}}, [[Japanese name|also read as]] '''Makoto Hirayama''', was the first [[Japan]]ese [[astronomer]] to discover an [[asteroid]]. In 1900 he discovered [[498 Tokio]] and [[727 Nipponia]].<ref name=":0">{{cite web |title=The Monthly Newsletter of Royal Astronomical Society, 1947, Vol 107, pages 44-46 Obituary Shin Hirayama |url=http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/full/seri/MNRAS/0107//0000044.000.html |access-date=30 March 2022 |website=articles.adsabs.harvard.edu |bibcode= |doi=10.1093/mnras/107.1.44}}</ref> The crater [[Hirayama (crater)|Hirayama]] on the [[Moon]] is jointly named after him and [[Kiyotsugu Hirayama]].
{{nihongo|'''Shin Hirayama'''|平山 信|Hirayama Shin|extra=1868&ndash;1945}}, [[Japanese name|also read as]] '''Makoto Hirayama''', was the first [[Japan]]ese [[astronomer]] to discover an [[asteroid]]. In 1900, he discovered [[498 Tokio]] and [[727 Nipponia]].<ref name=":0">{{cite web |title=The Monthly Newsletter of Royal Astronomical Society, 1947, Vol 107, pages 44-46 Obituary Shin Hirayama |url=http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/full/seri/MNRAS/0107//0000044.000.html |access-date=30 March 2022 |website=articles.adsabs.harvard.edu |bibcode= |doi=10.1093/mnras/107.1.44}}</ref> The crater [[Hirayama (crater)|Hirayama]] on the [[Moon]] is jointly named after him and [[Kiyotsugu Hirayama]].


== Biography ==
== Biography ==
Shin Hirayama in [[Edo]] (now Tokyo) in 1867 as the second son of a former guard of the Shogun. He was a disciple of astronomer and mathematician [[Hisashi Terao]], and finished the course of astronomy at [[Tokyo Imperial University]] in 1890. After graduating, he was sent by to England by the Japanese government to help further his studies into astronomy. He worked on [[astronomical spectroscopy]] at the [[Royal Observatory, Greenwich|Royal Observatory]] in Greenwich . Several months later, he went to [[Potsdam]], Germany where he stayed for about three years. He also attended lectures in [[Berlin]] and [[Leipzig]] during his stay in the country. During this time, he also published a paper on various diffraction patterns.<ref name=":0" />
Shin Hirayama was born in [[Edo]] (now Tokyo) and the second son of a former guard of the Shogun. He was a disciple of astronomer and mathematician [[Hisashi Terao]], and finished the course of astronomy at the [[Tokyo Imperial University]] in 1890. After graduating, he was sent to England by the Japanese government to help further his studies in astronomy. He worked on [[astronomical spectroscopy]] at the [[Royal Observatory, Greenwich|Royal Observatory]] in Greenwich. Several months later, he went to [[Potsdam]], Germany, where he stayed for about three years. He also attended lectures in [[Berlin]] and [[Leipzig]] during his stay in the country. During this time, he also published a paper on various diffraction patterns.<ref name=":0" />


When he came back to Japan in 1895, he started work as a professor of astronomy at Tokyo Imperial University where he taught practical astronomy, stellar astronomy, orbit determination, and geodesy. He later became the director of the [[Tokyo Astronomical Observatory]] in 1919.<ref name=":0" />
When he came back to Japan in 1895, he started work as a professor of astronomy at the Tokyo Imperial University where he taught practical astronomy, stellar astronomy, orbit determination and geodesy. He later became director of the [[Tokyo Astronomical Observatory]] in 1919.<ref name=":0" />


In March of 1900, Shin Hirayama discovered the [[498 Tokio]] and [[727 Nipponia]], however as he was not able to determine their orbits he is not recognized as having discovered them. He was still granted naming rights over the Tokio asteroid. He also suggested "Nippon", as a name for 727 Nipponia, and its discoverer [[Adam Massinger]] named the minor planet "Nipponia" — a Latin feminized form of the word "Nippon" — in his honor.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Nakagiri |first=Masao |date=16 March 2012 |title=100 年以上前の天体写真乾板発見-その 1-(日本人最初の小惑星検出乾板の発見) |language=Japanese |work=[[National Astronomical Observatory of Japan]] |url=http://prc.nao.ac.jp/prc_arc/arc_news/arc_news565.pdf |access-date=27 May 2023}}</ref>
In March of 1900, Shin Hirayama discovered [[498 Tokio]] and [[727 Nipponia]]. However, as he was not able to determine their orbits, he is not recognized as having discovered them. He was still granted naming rights over the Tokio asteroid. He also suggested "Nippon", as a name for 727 Nipponia, and its discoverer [[Adam Massinger]] named the minor planet "Nipponia" — a Latin feminized form of the word "Nippon" — in his honor.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Nakagiri |first=Masao |date=16 March 2012 |title=100 年以上前の天体写真乾板発見-その 1-(日本人最初の小惑星検出乾板の発見) |language=Japanese |work=[[National Astronomical Observatory of Japan]] |url=http://prc.nao.ac.jp/prc_arc/arc_news/arc_news565.pdf |access-date=27 May 2023}}</ref>


==References==
==References==

Revision as of 23:32, 17 August 2024

Shin Hirayama
平山信
Born(1867-10-06)October 6, 1867
Tokyo, Japan
DiedJune 2, 1945(1945-06-02) (aged 77)
Alma materTokyo Imperial University
Scientific career
FieldsAstronomy
Notable studentsDiscovering 498 Tokio and 727 Nipponia


Shin Hirayama (平山 信, Hirayama Shin, 1868–1945), also read as Makoto Hirayama, was the first Japanese astronomer to discover an asteroid. In 1900, he discovered 498 Tokio and 727 Nipponia.[1] The crater Hirayama on the Moon is jointly named after him and Kiyotsugu Hirayama.

Biography

Shin Hirayama was born in Edo (now Tokyo) and the second son of a former guard of the Shogun. He was a disciple of astronomer and mathematician Hisashi Terao, and finished the course of astronomy at the Tokyo Imperial University in 1890. After graduating, he was sent to England by the Japanese government to help further his studies in astronomy. He worked on astronomical spectroscopy at the Royal Observatory in Greenwich. Several months later, he went to Potsdam, Germany, where he stayed for about three years. He also attended lectures in Berlin and Leipzig during his stay in the country. During this time, he also published a paper on various diffraction patterns.[1]

When he came back to Japan in 1895, he started work as a professor of astronomy at the Tokyo Imperial University where he taught practical astronomy, stellar astronomy, orbit determination and geodesy. He later became director of the Tokyo Astronomical Observatory in 1919.[1]

In March of 1900, Shin Hirayama discovered 498 Tokio and 727 Nipponia. However, as he was not able to determine their orbits, he is not recognized as having discovered them. He was still granted naming rights over the Tokio asteroid. He also suggested "Nippon", as a name for 727 Nipponia, and its discoverer Adam Massinger named the minor planet "Nipponia" — a Latin feminized form of the word "Nippon" — in his honor.[2]

References

  1. ^ a b c "The Monthly Newsletter of Royal Astronomical Society, 1947, Vol 107, pages 44-46 Obituary Shin Hirayama". articles.adsabs.harvard.edu. doi:10.1093/mnras/107.1.44. Retrieved 30 March 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  2. ^ Nakagiri, Masao (16 March 2012). "100 年以上前の天体写真乾板発見-その 1-(日本人最初の小惑星検出乾板の発見)" (PDF). National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (in Japanese). Retrieved 27 May 2023.
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