Maksym Kryvonis: Difference between revisions
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'''Maksym Kryvonis''' ([[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]]: ''Максим Кривоніс'', literally means "crooked-nose") was one of the [[Zaporozhian Cossacks|Cossack]] leaders and a commander of the [[Ukrainians|Ukrainian]] peasants against the [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]]. For the first time of the [[history of Lviv]], during the siege of Lwów his regiment captured the [[Lviv High |
'''Maksym Kryvonis''' ([[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]]: ''Максим Кривоніс'', {{Lang-pl|Maksym Krzywonos}}; literally means "crooked-nose") was one of the [[Zaporozhian Cossacks|Cossack]] leaders and a commander of the [[Ukrainians|Ukrainian]] peasants against the [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]]. For the first time of the [[history of Lviv]], during the siege of Lwów his regiment captured the [[Lviv High Castle]], which was defended by the strong [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth|Polish–Lithuanian]] garrison and was one of the most important, powerful and greatest characters during the [[Khmelnytsky Uprising|Khmelnytskyi Uprising]] in 1648. |
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==Origins== |
==Origins== |
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The question about his origins remains unresolved. A Polish pamphlet published in 1648 claimed that he was a serf of the [[Nemyrych]] family<ref>Документы об освободительной войне украинского народа 1648-1654 г.г., Киев, Наукова Думка, 1965, p.70: "Nie gniewajac na siebie wlasnego dziedzica... cnego Niemierzyca" "Do not make your master, honorable Nemyrych, angry".</ref> (a hypothesis favoured by Soviet historiography). However, a German source about a meeting with Kryvonis in 1648 says that he is of [[Scotland|Scottish]] origin ("ein gebohrenen Schott")<ref>Дмитро НАЛИВАЙКО "ОЧИМА ЗАХОДУ: Рецепція України в Західній Європі XI-XVIII ст.", КИЇВ — «Основи» — 1998, http://litopys.org.ua/ochyma/ochrus4.htm. German anonymous pamphlet "On the new rebellion of Cossacks against Poland", 1649, possibly by polish general of German origin Christopher Houvaldt. D.Nalyvayko, however, is skeptical on the matter of Scottish origins of Kryvonis.</ref> In this case his real name may well have been not a nickname based on his crooked or broken nose, but a translation of his Scottish family name [[Cameron (surname)|Cameron]]. |
The question about his origins remains unresolved. A Polish pamphlet published in 1648 claimed that he was a serf of the [[Nemyrych]] family<ref>Документы об освободительной войне украинского народа 1648-1654 г.г., Киев, Наукова Думка, 1965, p.70: "Nie gniewajac na siebie wlasnego dziedzica... cnego Niemierzyca" "Do not make your master, honorable Nemyrych, angry".</ref> (a hypothesis favoured by Soviet historiography). However, a German source about a meeting with Kryvonis in 1648 says that he is of [[Scotland|Scottish]] origin ("ein gebohrenen Schott")<ref>Дмитро НАЛИВАЙКО "ОЧИМА ЗАХОДУ: Рецепція України в Західній Європі XI-XVIII ст.", КИЇВ — «Основи» — 1998, http://litopys.org.ua/ochyma/ochrus4.htm. German anonymous pamphlet "On the new rebellion of Cossacks against Poland", 1649, possibly by polish general of German origin Christopher Houvaldt. D.Nalyvayko, however, is skeptical on the matter of Scottish origins of Kryvonis.</ref> In this case his real name may well have been not a nickname based on his crooked or broken nose, but a translation of his Scottish family name [[Cameron (surname)|Cameron]]. |
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== Khmelnytsky Uprising == |
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Kryvonis was one of the most effective generals of the Uprising. He was awarded the rank of [[colonel]] of [[Cherkasy Regiment]]. His actions in [[Battle of Korsuń|Korsun]] and [[Battle of Pyliavtsi|Pylyavtsi]] battles in 1648 led to crushing Cossack victories over the Polish armies. His actions against prince [[Jeremi Wiśniowiecki]] at [[Makhnivka, Khmilnyk Raion, Vinnytsia Oblast|Makhnivka]] and [[Starokostiantyniv]] were less successful. |
Kryvonis was one of the most effective generals of the Uprising. He was awarded the rank of [[colonel]] of [[Cherkasy Regiment]]. His actions in [[Battle of Korsuń|Korsun]] and [[Battle of Pyliavtsi|Pylyavtsi]] battles in 1648 led to crushing Cossack victories over the Polish armies. His actions against prince [[Jeremi Wiśniowiecki]] at [[Makhnivka, Khmilnyk Raion, Vinnytsia Oblast|Makhnivka]] and [[Starokostiantyniv]] were less successful. |
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Revision as of 09:22, 27 August 2024
Maksym Kryvonis | |
|---|---|
 Statue of Kryvonis in the monument “Heroes of the Liberation War of the Ukrainian People 1648–1654” in Zhovti Vody | |
| Nickname(s) | Perebyinis |
| Born | Around 1600 |
| Died | November 1648 Zamość |
| Allegiance |  Zaporozhian Host |
| Years of service | 1648 |
| Rank | Colonel |
| Commands | Lysianka Regiment Cherkasy Regiment Korsun Regiment Bila Tserkva Regiment Uman Regiment |
| Battles / wars | |
| Children | Oleksandr Kryvonosenko |
Maksym Kryvonis (Ukrainian: Максим Кривоніс, Template:Lang-pl; literally means "crooked-nose") was one of the Cossack leaders and a commander of the Ukrainian peasants against the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. For the first time of the history of Lviv, during the siege of Lwów his regiment captured the Lviv High Castle, which was defended by the strong Polish–Lithuanian garrison and was one of the most important, powerful and greatest characters during the Khmelnytskyi Uprising in 1648.
Origins
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The question about his origins remains unresolved. A Polish pamphlet published in 1648 claimed that he was a serf of the Nemyrych family[2] (a hypothesis favoured by Soviet historiography). However, a German source about a meeting with Kryvonis in 1648 says that he is of Scottish origin ("ein gebohrenen Schott")[3] In this case his real name may well have been not a nickname based on his crooked or broken nose, but a translation of his Scottish family name Cameron.
Khmelnytsky Uprising
Kryvonis was one of the most effective generals of the Uprising. He was awarded the rank of colonel of Cherkasy Regiment. His actions in Korsun and Pylyavtsi battles in 1648 led to crushing Cossack victories over the Polish armies. His actions against prince Jeremi Wiśniowiecki at Makhnivka and Starokostiantyniv were less successful.
Also there are different accounts of Kryvonis's demise: killed (shot) during the siege of Lviv, assassinated (poisoned) by Jesuits, killed by orders of Bohdan Khmelnytsky who loathed him, or perished of plague during the siege of Zamość in 1648.
Literature
Kryvonis (Polish: Maksym Krzywonos) was also a character in With Fire and Sword, a novel by Nobel-winning 19th-century Polish author Henryk Sienkiewicz. In the 1999 movie based on the novel he was played by Maciej Kozłowski.
References
- ^ "ПОВСТАННЯ БОГДАНА ХМЕЛЬНИЦЬКОГО" [BOHDAN KHMELNYTSKY REBELLION] (in Ukrainian). Archived from the original on 2 June 2022.
- ^ Документы об освободительной войне украинского народа 1648-1654 г.г., Киев, Наукова Думка, 1965, p.70: "Nie gniewajac na siebie wlasnego dziedzica... cnego Niemierzyca" "Do not make your master, honorable Nemyrych, angry".
- ^ Дмитро НАЛИВАЙКО "ОЧИМА ЗАХОДУ: Рецепція України в Західній Європі XI-XVIII ст.", КИЇВ — «Основи» — 1998, http://litopys.org.ua/ochyma/ochrus4.htm. German anonymous pamphlet "On the new rebellion of Cossacks against Poland", 1649, possibly by polish general of German origin Christopher Houvaldt. D.Nalyvayko, however, is skeptical on the matter of Scottish origins of Kryvonis.
- Крипякевич, Іван (1936). Template:Lang-uk. Kviv: Видання Івана Тиктора.
External links
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