Jump to content

Bangladesh protests (2022–2024): Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous editNext edit →
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
→Outcomes: Added Link
No edit summary
Tag: Reverted
Line 4: Line 4:
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024|cs1-dates=y}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024|cs1-dates=y}}
{{Infobox civil conflict
{{Infobox civil conflict
| title = Bangladesh protests
| title = 2nd Bangladeshi revolution
| partof =
| partof =
| image = The victory celebration of Bangladeshi student's one point movement.jpg
| image = The victory celebration of Bangladeshi student's one point movement.jpg

Revision as of 04:00, 4 September 2024

For the most recent anti-government protests that overthrew Sheikh Hasina, see Non-cooperation movement (2024).

2nd Bangladeshi revolution
Victory march by protesters after the resignation of Sheikh Hasina in 2024
Date10 December 2022 – 5 August 2024
(1 year, 7 months and 26 days)
Initial phase: 10 December 2022 – January 2024
(1 year and 1 month)
2024 Quota reform movement: 5 June – 3 August 2024
(1 month and 29 days)
Non-cooperation movement: 4–5 August 2024
(1 day)
Location
Bangladesh
Caused byMultiple reasons:
GoalsResignation of Sheikh Hasina government (mainly)
MethodsActivism, demonstration, protest, strike, sit-in, occupation, blockade, barricade, internet activism, riot, vandalism, arson
Resulted inProtesters' victory
  • Sheikh Hasina resigned and fled to India
Casualties
Death(s)600+ (OHCHR estimate)[1][2]
1,000+ (Bangladesh government estimate)[3]
Injuries~20,000+

The Bangladesh protests of 2022–24 was a series of protests against the government of Sheikh Hasina between 2022 and 2024. Anti-government protests broke out in Bangladesh on 10 December 2022.[4] The protests were initiated by the Bangladeshi opposition, which vowed to continue protests despite autocratic crackdown. The protests remained low-level, with some vandalisation occurring in November and December 2023. Later in July 2024, it accelerated to the quota reform movement and finally the non-cooperation movement, leading to Hasina fleeing the country after resigning.

In December 2022, tens of thousands marched in Dhaka demanding the resignation of Sheikh Hasina.[5] The protests were linked to rising commodity costs and inflation as a result of the Russian invasion of Ukraine. More violence escalated during October and November 2023, resulting in the deaths of two people.

In June 2024, the Supreme Court announced that reinstated the pre-2018 quota system in government jobs, triggering massive protests due to limited opportunity based on merit. Violent suppression angered the public further, resulting in thousands more casualties and hundreds killed, the event known as July massacre. This lasted until the overthrow of Sheikh Hasina government.

Events

Initial phase

On 8 December 2022, significant unrest occurred as opposition parties, mainly the Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP), held a rally in Dhaka to demand free elections and the resignation of the government led by the Awami League. The government responded with a heavy crackdown. Hundreds of protesters were arrested, and clashes with the police resulted in the death of one protester.[6][7]

In January 2023, the opposition forces continued to mobilize in Dhaka. These rallies were primarily organized to protest the outcomes of the upcoming elections, demanding electoral reforms and the establishment of a caretaker government to ensure fair elections.[8]

On 28 October 2023, Anti-Government protests escalated significantly in Dhaka and other areas. Two protesters were killed, and dozens were injured in violent clashes with law enforcement. Protests also spread to the Kishoreganj District, where tensions between protesters and the police were similarly high.[9] During these demonstrations, a policeman was reported to have been beaten to death by a mob.[10] Following the announcement of the general election on 15 November 2023, violence and arrests surged. As opposition groups intensified their activities to demand transparent and fair elections, the government's crackdown grew more severe. By the end of 2023, four more people had been killed in protest-related violence, and over 5,330 individuals were arrested, according to local reports and human rights organizations.[11]

2024

Quota Reform Movement

This section is an excerpt from 2024 Bangladesh quota reform movement.[edit]


Part of a series on the
Student–People's uprising
Student–People's uprising at the University of Dhaka
History
Organisations
People
Aftermath
Deaths
Legacy


The 2024 Bangladesh quota reform movement was a series of anti-government[a] and pro-democracy[b] protests in Bangladesh, spearheaded primarily by university students. Initially focused on restructuring quota-based systems for government job recruitment, the movement expanded against what many perceive as an authoritarian government when they carried out the July massacre of protestors and civilians, most of whom were students.[c] Started as a student movement, the movement later escalated into a fully-fledged mass uprising known as the Student–People's uprising.

The protest began in June 2024, in response to the Supreme Court of Bangladesh reinstating a 30% quota for descendants of freedom fighters, reversing the government decision made in response to the 2018 Bangladesh quota reform movement. Students began to feel like they have a limited opportunity based on merit. The protest quickly spread throughout the entire country because of the government's violent response, as well as growing public dissatisfaction against an oppressive government. The situation was further complicated by many other ongoing issues, like the government's inability to manage a prolonged economic downturn, reports of rampant corruption and human rights violations, and the absence of democratic channels for initiating changes.[25][26][27][28]

The government sought to suppress the protests by shutting down all educational institutions. They deployed their student wing, the Chhatra League, along with other factions of the Awami League party. These groups resorted to using firearms and sharp weapons against the demonstrators.[d] The government then deployed Police, RAB, BGB and other armed forces, declaring a nationwide shoot-at-sight curfew[e] amid an unprecedented government-ordered nationwide internet and mobile connectivity blackout that effectively isolated Bangladesh from the rest of the world.[f] Later, the government also blocked social media in Bangladesh.[37] As of August 2, there were 215 confirmed deaths, more than 20,000 injuries,[38][39] and more than 11,000 arrests.[g] The unofficial death toll is between 300 and 500.[44] UNICEF reported that at least 32 children were killed during July's protests, with many more injured and detained.[45][46] Determining the exact number of deaths has been difficult because the government reportedly restricted hospitals from sharing information with the media without police permission, hospital CCTV footage was confiscated, and numerous individuals with gunshot wounds were buried without identification.[47][48][49]

The Awami League government and Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina have suggested that political opponents have co-opted the protest.[50][51] Despite the curfew restrictions the movement remained ongoing as it expanded its demands to include accountability for violence, a ban on the student wing of the government Chhatra League, and resignation of certain government officials,[52] including the resignation of Prime Minister Hasina.[53] The government's use of widespread violence against the general public turned the student protest into a people's uprising known as the non-cooperation movement.[h]

One Point Movement

This section is an excerpt from Non-cooperation movement (2024).[edit]
People cheering in front of the Prime Minister's Office after Sheikh Hasina's resignation
Part of a series on the
Student–People's uprising
Student–People's uprising at the University of Dhaka
History
Organisations
People
Aftermath
Deaths
Legacy

The non-cooperation movement,[i] also known as the one-point movement,[j] was a pro-democratic disinvestment movement and a mass uprising against the Awami League-led government of Bangladesh, initiated within the framework of 2024 Bangladesh quota reform movement. The sole demand of this movement was the resignation of Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina and her cabinet.[58][59] It was the final stage of the wider movement known as the Student–People's uprising or the July Revolution. Although the movement was initially limited to the goal of reforming quotas in government jobs, it snowballed into a mass anti-government uprising after the deaths of several protesters. The movement was also fueled by ongoing socio-economic and political issues, including the government's mismanagement of the national economy, rampant corruption by government officials, human rights violations, allegations of undermining the country's sovereignty by Sheikh Hasina, and increasing authoritarianism and democratic backsliding.[60][61][62]

On 3 August 2024, coordinators of the Anti-discrimination Students Movement announced a one-point demand for the resignation of the Prime Minister and her cabinet and called for "comprehensive non-cooperation".[59][63] The following day, violent clashes broke out, resulting in the deaths of 97 people, including students. The coordinators called for a long march to Dhaka to force Hasina out of power on 5 August. That day, a large crowd of protesters made its way through the capital.[64] At around 3:00 p.m. (UTC+6), Sheikh Hasina resigned and fled to India, her government's biggest ally.[65] Widespread celebrations and violence occurred following her removal, while the military and President Mohammed Shahabuddin announced the formation of an interim government led by economist and Nobel laureate Muhammad Yunus.[66] Meanwhile, Indian media outlets were seen engaging in a widespread disinformation campaign aimed at destabilising Bangladesh, following Hasina's resignation and departure to India.[67][68]

Outcomes

The protests' goals were finally achieved with the resignation of Hasina in the non-cooperation movement on 5 August 2024,[69] when an estimated 5 million people marched towards Shahbag Square in Dhaka, demanding the resignation of Sheikh Hasina. At around 15:00 local time, protesters were able to successfully raid the Ganabhaban, the residence of the Prime Minister. Hasina has since resigned and fled Bangladesh.[70][71]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ [12][13][14][15]
  2. ^ [16][17][18][19]
  3. ^ [20][21][22][23][24]
  4. ^ [29][30][31]
  5. ^ [20][32][33][34]
  6. ^ [35][36][37]
  7. ^ [40][41][42][43]
  8. ^ [54][55][56][57]
  9. ^ Bengali: অসহযোগ আন্দোলন, romanized: Ôsôhôjōg Āndōlôn
  10. ^ Bengali: এক দফা আন্দোলন, romanized: Ēk Dôphā Āndōlôn

References

  1. ^ Preliminary Analysis of Recent Protests and Unrest in Bangladesh (Report). Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights. 2024-08-16. pp. 6–7. According to available public reports by media and the protest movement itself, between 16 July and 11 August, more than 600 people were killed. Of these, nearly 400 deaths were reported from 16 July to 4 August, while around 250 people were reportedly killed following the new wave of protests between 5 and 6 August. [...] The reported death toll is likely an underestimate, as information collection has been hindered by restrictions on movement due to the curfew and the internet shutdown. Furthermore, hospitals were reportedly prevented by State authorities from providing details of those killed and injured. The majority of deaths and injuries have been attributed to the security forces and the student wing affiliated with the Awami League.
  2. ^ "UN report: Over 600 killed in Bangladesh between July 16 and Aug 11". Dhaka Tribune. UNB. 2024-08-16.
  3. ^ https://www.trtworld.com/asia/over-1000-died-in-bangladesh-protests-that-forced-hasina-to-resign-18201761
  4. ^ Story, Inside (2022-12-11). "What's behind antigovernment protests in Bangladesh?". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 2023-04-25. Retrieved 2022-12-11.
  5. ^ Xiong, Vedika Sud,Yong (2022-12-11). "Tens of thousands protest in Bangladesh to demand resignation of Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina". CNN. Archived from the original on 2022-12-11. Retrieved 2022-12-11.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  6. ^ Mahmud, Faisal. "Bangladesh opposition stages protests as it challenges PM Hasina". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 2024-08-25.
  7. ^ "One Killed, Hundreds Arrested as Bangladesh Police Clamp Down on Opposition Rally". News18. 2022-12-08. Archived from the original on 2022-12-13. Retrieved 2022-12-13.
  8. ^ "Bangladesh opposition holds rally seeking PM Hasina's resignation". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 2023-07-31. Retrieved 2023-06-05.
  9. ^ "Two killed in anti-government protests in Bangladesh". The Independent. 2023-10-31. Archived from the original on 2023-11-01. Retrieved 2023-11-01.
  10. ^ "Opposition activists held over policeman's death in Bangladesh protest". Reuters. 2023-10-29. Archived from the original on 2023-11-01. Retrieved 2023-11-01.
  11. ^ "Bangladesh opposition vows to continue protests despite 'autocratic' crackdown | Reuters". Reuters. Archived from the original on 2023-12-07. Retrieved 2023-12-07.
  12. ^ "Will consider talks if nine demands met". The Daily Star. 2024-07-24. Archived from the original on 2024-08-04. Retrieved 2024-07-26.
  13. ^ Shih, Gerry (2024-07-19). "Bangladesh imposes curfew after dozens killed in anti-government protests". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Archived from the original on 2024-07-20. Retrieved 2024-07-24.
  14. ^ "Drenched in blood - how Bangladesh protests turned deadly". www.bbc.com. Archived from the original on 2024-08-04. Retrieved 2024-07-24.
  15. ^ "Bangladesh wakes to TV, internet blackout as deadly protests spike". France 24. 2024-07-19. Archived from the original on 2024-07-24. Retrieved 2024-07-24.
  16. ^ "As Protests Erupt, a Rocky Start to Sheikh Hasina's Fourth Consecutive Term". thediplomat.com. Archived from the original on 2024-07-27. Retrieved 2024-08-02.
  17. ^ "বিডিটুডে.নেট:গণতন্ত্রের পক্ষে, স্বৈরাচারের বিরুদ্ধে লড়ছে বাংলাদেশ". A complete online magazine. Archived from the original on 2024-08-02. Retrieved 2024-08-02.
  18. ^ "Jamaat-Shibir banned". The Daily Star. 2024-08-02. Archived from the original on 2024-08-02. Retrieved 2024-08-02.
  19. ^ "নতুন নির্বাচন দাবি ড. ইউনূসের গণতন্ত্রে রাষ্ট্রের মালিক জনগণ". মানবজমিন. Archived from the original on 2024-09-01. Retrieved 2024-08-02.
  20. ^ a b "A Faux Pas by Bangladesh's PM Has Morphed a Small Protest Into a Nationwide Movement". The Wire. Archived from the original on 2024-07-22. Retrieved 2024-07-22.
  21. ^ Hasnat, Saif (2024-07-11). "Tens of Thousands of Students Protest Job Quotas in Bangladesh's Streets". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 2024-07-15. Retrieved 2024-07-15.
  22. ^ Hasan, Mubashar; Ruud, Arild Engelsen (2024-07-15). "Why is the Bangladesh Government Unable to Quell Ongoing Students Protests?". The Diplomat. Archived from the original on 2024-07-16. Retrieved 2024-07-16.
  23. ^ "Bangladeshi protesters demand end to civil service job quotas". The Hindu. 2024-07-08. Archived from the original on 2024-07-17. Retrieved 2024-07-17.
  24. ^ "The Quota Reform Protest In Bangladesh Is Much More Than It Seems". thediplomat.com. Archived from the original on 2024-07-21. Retrieved 2024-07-21.
  25. ^ Lu, Christina (2024-08-07). "What's Behind Bangladesh's Student Protests?". Foreign Policy. Archived from the original on 2024-08-04. Retrieved 2024-08-03.
  26. ^ "Is the system rigged against meritocracy?". The Daily Star. 2024-07-10. Archived from the original on 2024-07-16. Retrieved 2024-08-03.
  27. ^ Ahmed, Redwan; Ellis-Petersen, Hannah (2024-07-26). "Bangladesh student protests turn into 'mass movement against a dictator'". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 2024-08-04. Retrieved 2024-08-03.
  28. ^ Charlie Campbell (2023-11-02). "Sheikh Hasina and the Future of Democracy in Bangladesh". TIME. Archived from the original on 2024-01-04. Retrieved 2024-08-03.
  29. ^ "সিলেটে কোটা আন্দোলনকারীদের ওপর ছাত্রলীগের সশস্ত্র হামলা, আহত ১০". Prothom Alo (in Bengali). 2024-07-16. Archived from the original on 2024-08-02. Retrieved 2024-08-02.
  30. ^ "চট্টগ্রামে শিক্ষার্থীদের ওপর গুলি চালানো দুজনের পরিচয় মিলেছে". RTV News (in Bengali). 2024-07-17. Archived from the original on 2024-08-02. Retrieved 2024-08-02.
  31. ^ "শাবিপ্রবির ছাত্রলীগ নেতাদের রুম থেকে বিপুল পরিমাণ অস্ত্র উদ্ধার". Jago News 24 (in Bengali). 2024-07-18. Archived from the original on 2024-08-02. Retrieved 2024-08-02.
  32. ^ "Bangladesh students clash in job quota protests, at least 100 injured". Reuters. 2024-07-15.
  33. ^ "Student protests turn deadly in Bangladesh: what's fuelling the fury?". South China Morning Post. 2024-07-18. Archived from the original on 2024-08-04. Retrieved 2024-07-20.
  34. ^ Regan, Helen (2024-07-19). "Bangladesh has erupted over jobs reserved for the children of 'freedom fighters.' Here's what you need to know". CNN. Archived from the original on 2024-07-20. Retrieved 2024-07-20.
  35. ^ "Bangladesh to impose curfew, deploy army as protests widen, communications disrupted". Reuters. 2024-07-19.
  36. ^ Ramachandran, Naman (2024-07-19). "Bangladesh Internet in 'Total Shutdown' Amid Student Protests and Dozens of Deaths: 'Things Are Really Turning Bad'". Variety. Archived from the original on 2024-07-20. Retrieved 2024-07-20.
  37. ^ a b "Social media off-limits indefinitely". The Daily Star. 2024-07-26. Archived from the original on 2024-07-26. Retrieved 2024-07-26.
  38. ^ "2 killed in mass processions, clashes across country". Prothom Alo. 2024-08-03. Archived from the original on 2024-08-03. Retrieved 2024-08-03.
  39. ^ "রক্তাক্ত জুলাই' মুক্তির মন্দির সোপানতলে..." shohid.info (in Bengali). Archived from the original on 2024-07-25. Retrieved 2024-07-25.
  40. ^ "Nearly 3,000 arrested in Dhaka, 11,000 nationwide". The Business Standard (TBS). 2024-07-31. Archived from the original on 2024-08-01. Retrieved 2024-08-01.
  41. ^ "How Bangladesh student protests sparked broader crisis for Hasina government". Middle East Eye. 2014-07-23. Archived from the original on 2024-07-24. Retrieved 2024-07-24.
  42. ^ "Bangladesh student protests: Why is the government facing public anger?". BBC News. Archived from the original on 2024-07-20. Retrieved 2024-07-20.
  43. ^ ALAM, Shafiqul. "Bangladesh Arrest Total Passes 2,500: AFP Tally". Barrons. Archived from the original on 2024-07-24. Retrieved 2024-07-24.
  44. ^ "Bangladesh faces growing criticism for violent crackdown on students". Voice of America. 2024-07-31. Archived from the original on 2024-08-01. Retrieved 2024-08-02.
  45. ^ "At least 32 children killed in Bangladesh violence". UNICEF. 2024-08-02. Archived from the original on 2024-08-02. Retrieved 2024-08-02.
  46. ^ "Bangladesh: Dozens of children killed in protests - Unicef". www.bbc.com. Archived from the original on 2024-08-02. Retrieved 2024-08-03.
  47. ^ "6,703 injured received treatment in 31 Dhaka hospitals". Prothom Alo. 2024-07-29. Archived from the original on 2024-08-03. Retrieved 2024-08-03.
  48. ^ "21 bodies buried as unclaimed". Prothom Alo. 2024-07-25. Archived from the original on 2024-07-26. Retrieved 2024-08-03.
  49. ^ "21 unclaimed bodies buried, all found bullet-ridden". The Daily Observer. Archived from the original on 2024-08-04. Retrieved 2024-08-03.
  50. ^ Campbell, Charlie (2024-07-25). "How Mass Protests Challenge Bangladesh's Past—and Threaten to Rewrite Its Future". TIME. Archived from the original on 2024-07-28. Retrieved 2024-07-27.
  51. ^ "Is This the Beginning of the End of Sheikh Hasina's Rule?". thediplomat.com. Retrieved 2024-07-27.
  52. ^ Alam, Shahidul. "In Bangladesh, protests are no longer about the quota system". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 2024-07-25. Retrieved 2024-07-25.
  53. ^ "Thousands protest in Bangladesh demanding PM Hasina's resignation". Reuters. 2024-08-02. Archived from the original on 2024-08-02. Retrieved 2024-08-02.
  54. ^ "Bangladesh student protests become 'people's uprising' after brutal crackdown". South China Morning Post. 2024-08-02. Archived from the original on 2024-08-04. Retrieved 2024-08-03.
  55. ^ "One demand now". The Daily Star. 2024-08-04. Archived from the original on 2024-08-03. Retrieved 2024-08-03.
  56. ^ "Anti-Discrimination Student Movement announces one-point demand". unb.com.bd. Archived from the original on 2024-08-04. Retrieved 2024-08-03.
  57. ^ "Students renew Bangladesh protests, call for PM Hasina's resignation". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 2024-08-03. Retrieved 2024-08-03.
  58. ^ Hasnat, Saif; Mashal, Mujib. "Roaring Back After Crackdown, Bangladesh Protesters Demand Leader's Ouster". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 2024-08-04. Retrieved 2024-08-04.
  59. ^ a b শহীদ মিনার থেকে এক দফা ঘোষণা. Manab Zamin (in Bengali). 2024-08-03. Archived from the original on 2024-08-03. Retrieved 2024-08-03.
  60. ^ Lu, Christina (2024-08-07). "What's Behind Bangladesh's Student Protests?". Foreign Policy. Archived from the original on 2024-08-04. Retrieved 2024-08-03.
  61. ^ Ahmed, Redwan; Ellis-Petersen, Hannah (2024-07-26). "Bangladesh student protests turn into 'mass movement against a dictator'". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 2024-08-04. Retrieved 2024-08-03.
  62. ^ "Sheikh Hasina doesn't sell the country, say prime minister". Prothom Alo. 2024-06-25. Archived from the original on 2024-08-05. Retrieved 2024-08-05.
  63. ^ "One Point Demand' announced from Central Shaheed Minar". Bonik Barta. Archived from the original on 2024-08-03. Retrieved 2024-08-03.
  64. ^ "PM resigned, interim govt to be formed: Army chief". The Daily Star. 2024-08-05. Archived from the original on 2024-08-05. Retrieved 2024-08-05.
  65. ^ "Bangladesh PM Sheikh Hasina resigns and flees country as protesters storm palace". BBC News. Archived from the original on 2024-08-05. Retrieved 2024-08-05.
  66. ^ "Bangladesh's interim government will take oath on Thursday, says the military chief". Associated Press News. 2024-08-07. Archived from the original on 2024-08-07. Retrieved 2024-08-07.
  67. ^ Mahmud, Faisal; Sarker, Saqib. "'Islamophobic, alarmist': How some India outlets covered Bangladesh crisis". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 2024-08-09.
  68. ^ "বাংলাদেশে হিন্দুদের ওপর হামলা নিয়ে ভারতে অপতথ্যের প্রচার". Prothom Alo (in Bengali). 2024-08-11. Archived from the original on 2024-08-11. Retrieved 2024-08-11.
  69. ^ "Protesters storm Bangladesh PM Hasina's palace amid reports she has resigned and fled". The Straits Times. 2024-08-05. Archived from the original on 2024-08-05. Retrieved 2024-08-05.
  70. ^ "Bangladesh PM Sheikh Hasina resigns, leaves the country: Reports". Firstpost. 2024-08-05. Archived from the original on 2024-08-05. Retrieved 2024-08-05.
  71. ^ "Bangladesh PM Sheikh Hasina has resigned and left the country, media reports say". South China Morning Post. 2024-08-05. Retrieved 2024-08-05.
Flag of BangladeshHourglass icon  

This Bangladeshi history-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Bangladesh_protests_(2022–2024)&oldid=1243928691"