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Many Palestinians pronounce ق as /g/ while others pronounce it /ʔ/.
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In Egypt, this letter represents {{IPAblink|ʒ}}, which can be a [[Cluster reduction|reduction]] of {{IPAslink|d͡ʒ}}, It is called ''{{transliteration|arz|gīm be talat noʾaṭ}}'' ({{lang|arz|جيم بتلات نقط}} "''Gīm'' with three dots") there. The {{IPAslink|ʒ}} pronunciation is also proposed for South Arabian minority languages, like [[Mehri language#Writing system|Mehri]] and [[Soqotri language#Writing system|Soqotri]].
In Egypt, this letter represents {{IPAblink|ʒ}}, which can be a [[Cluster reduction|reduction]] of {{IPAslink|d͡ʒ}}, It is called ''{{transliteration|arz|gīm be talat noʾaṭ}}'' ({{lang|arz|جيم بتلات نقط}} "''Gīm'' with three dots") there. The {{IPAslink|ʒ}} pronunciation is also proposed for South Arabian minority languages, like [[Mehri language#Writing system|Mehri]] and [[Soqotri language#Writing system|Soqotri]].


In [[Israel]], where official announcements are often trilingual, this letter is used as the letter '''gīm''' on roadsigns to represent {{IPAblink|ɡ}}, when transcribing Hebrew or foreign names of places, since [[Palestinian Arabic|Palestinian]] Arabic does not have a {{IPAslink|g}} in its phonemic inventory. It has also been used as {{IPAslink|g}} in Lebanon for transliteration such as "{{lang|ar|چامبيا}}" ([[The Gambia]]) and "{{lang|ar|چوچل}}" ([[Google]]).<ref>[https://archive.org/stream/adakm/atlasda#page/n385/mode/1up أطلس دول العالم الكبير] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170630154707/https://archive.org/stream/adakm/atlasda |date=30 يونيو 2017}}</ref>
In [[Israel]], where official announcements are often trilingual, this letter is used as the letter '''gīm''' on roadsigns to represent {{IPAblink|ɡ}}, when transcribing Hebrew or foreign names of places. It has also been used as {{IPAslink|g}} in Lebanon for transliteration such as "{{lang|ar|چامبيا}}" ([[The Gambia]]) and "{{lang|ar|چوچل}}" ([[Google]]).<ref>[https://archive.org/stream/adakm/atlasda#page/n385/mode/1up أطلس دول العالم الكبير] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170630154707/https://archive.org/stream/adakm/atlasda |date=30 يونيو 2017}}</ref>


==Character encodings==
==Character encodings==

Revision as of 20:22, 11 September 2024

This article contains Persian text. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols.
Che
Persian
چ‎
Phonemic representationtʃ
Position in alphabet30
Numerical value3000
Alphabetic derivatives of the Phoenician
Persian alphabet
ا ب پ ت ث ج چ ح خ د ذ ر ز ژ س ش ص ض ط ظ ع غ ف ق ک گ ل م ن و ه ی
Perso-Arabic script
Arabic alphabet
Arabic script

Che or cheem (چ‎) is a letter of the Persian alphabet, used to represent [t͡ʃ], and which derives from ǧīm (ج‎) by the addition of two dots. It is found with this value in other Arabic-derived scripts. It is used in Persian, Urdu, Pashto, Kurdish, Kashmiri, Azerbaijani, Ottoman Turkish, Malay (Jawi), Java (Pegon), and other Iranian languages. Modern Standard Arabic lacks this letter as there is no romanization of the letter C in Arabic. It is also one of the ten letters the Persian alphabet added from the twenty-two inherited from the Phoenician alphabet (the others being s̱e, xe, ẕâl, zâd, ẓâ, ġayn, pe, že and gaf). Its numerical value is 3000 (see Abjad numerals).

Position in word Isolated Final Medial Initial
Glyph form:
(Help) 		چ‎ ـچ‎ ـچـ‎ چـ‎

In Arabic

A bilingual road sign at a Turkmen village in Kirkuk Governorate, Iraq. The letter Che is used to represent the sound [t͡ʃ].
In this trilingual road sign in Israel, however, the letter Che is used to represent the sound [g] in Nof HaGalil.

The letter چ‎ can be used to transcribe [t͡ʃ] of Persian Gulf: Gulf Arabic and Iraqi Arabic, where they have that sound natively. In these countries and the rest of Arabic-speaking geographic regions, the combination of tāʾ-šīn (تش‎) is more likely used to transliterate the /t͡ʃ/ sound which is often realized as two consonants ([t]+[ʃ]) elsewhere; this letter combination is used for loanwords and foreign names, including those of Spanish origin in Moroccan Arabic. (In the case of Moroccan Arabic, the letter ڜ‎ is used instead to transliterate the Spanish /t͡ʃ/ sound;[1] this letter derives from šīn (ش‎) with an additional three dots below.)

In Egypt, this letter represents [ʒ], which can be a reduction of /d͡ʒ/, It is called gīm be talat noʾaṭ (جيم بتلات نقط "Gīm with three dots") there. The /ʒ/ pronunciation is also proposed for South Arabian minority languages, like Mehri and Soqotri.

In Israel, where official announcements are often trilingual, this letter is used as the letter gīm on roadsigns to represent [ɡ], when transcribing Hebrew or foreign names of places. It has also been used as /g/ in Lebanon for transliteration such as "چامبيا" (The Gambia) and "چوچل" (Google).[2]

Character encodings

Character information
Preview چ
Unicode name ARABIC LETTER TCHEH
Encodings decimal hex
Unicode 1670 U+0686
UTF-8 218 134 DA 86
Numeric character reference &#1670; &#x686;
Character information
Preview ڜ
Unicode name ARABIC LETTER SEEN WITH THREE DOTS BELOW AND THREE DOTS ABOVE
Encodings decimal hex
Unicode 1692 U+069C
UTF-8 218 156 DA 9C
Numeric character reference &#1692; &#x69C;

See also

References

  1. ^ José de Lerchundi: Rudimentos del árabe vulgar que se habla en el Imperio de Marruecos, Madrid 1872, S. 5, 26, 95.
  2. ^ أطلس دول العالم الكبير Archived 2017-06-30 at the Wayback Machine


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