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The hills are a northward extension of the [[Central Russian Upland]]. To the northwest stretches the [[Vepsian Upland]]. The ridge is overlain by deposited [[glacial]] materials in the form of terminal [[moraine]]s and other [[detritus]]. The Valdai Hills reach their maximum height of {{convert|346.9|m|abbr=on}} near [[Vyshny Volochyok]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.v-volok.ru/history/ |title=Вышневолоцкий район<!-- Bot generated title --> |access-date=2008-05-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071013092337/http://v-volok.ru/history/ |archive-date=2007-10-13 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.tverlife.ru/_content.php?Id=1.2.16&tli=25120 |title=Тверская Жизнь – Архив<!-- Bot generated title --> |access-date=2008-05-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080129144336/http://www.tverlife.ru/_content.php?Id=1.2.16 |archive-date=2008-01-29 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>[https://archive.today/20120722192537/http://volochek.info/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=14&Itemid=37 Русская Венеция – Offline<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> |
The hills are a northward extension of the [[Central Russian Upland]]. To the northwest stretches the [[Vepsian Upland]]. The ridge is overlain by deposited [[glacial]] materials in the form of terminal [[moraine]]s and other [[detritus]]. The Valdai Hills reach their maximum height of {{convert|346.9|m|abbr=on}} near [[Vyshny Volochyok]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.v-volok.ru/history/ |title=Вышневолоцкий район<!-- Bot generated title --> |access-date=2008-05-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071013092337/http://v-volok.ru/history/ |archive-date=2007-10-13 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.tverlife.ru/_content.php?Id=1.2.16&tli=25120 |title=Тверская Жизнь – Архив<!-- Bot generated title --> |access-date=2008-05-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080129144336/http://www.tverlife.ru/_content.php?Id=1.2.16 |archive-date=2008-01-29 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>[https://archive.today/20120722192537/http://volochek.info/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=14&Itemid=37 Русская Венеция – Offline<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> |
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The [[Volga River|Volga]], the [[Daugava River|Daugava]] (the Western Dvina), the [[Lovat River|Lovat]], the [[Msta River|Msta]], the [[Dnieper River|Dnieper]], the [[Syas River|Syas]], and other rivers originate in the Valdai Hills. The region thus is divided |
The [[Volga River|Volga]], the [[Daugava River|Daugava]] (the Western Dvina), the [[Lovat River|Lovat]], the [[Msta River|Msta]], the [[Dnieper River|Dnieper]], the [[Syas River|Syas]], and other rivers originate in the Valdai Hills. The region thus is divided among the [[drainage basin]]s of the [[Caspian Sea]] (the Volga), the [[Black Sea]] (the Dnieper), and the [[Baltic Sea]] (the Msta and the Lovat via the [[Volkhov River|Volkhov]], the Syas via [[Lake Ladoga]] and the [[Neva River|Neva]], and the Daugava). |
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It is a place of many lakes, among them [[Lake Volgo]], [[Lake Peno]], [[Lake Seliger]], [[Lake Brosno]], and [[Lake Valdayskoye]].<ref Name="Darby">{{cite book|last= Darby |author2=Richard Brookes |author3=William Darby |title= Darby's Universal Gazetteer: Or, A New Geographical Dictionary |publisher= Bennett & Walton |year=1827 |location= Original from the New York Public Library |url= https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_NrsBAAAAYAAJ |quote= Valdai Lake. |page=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_NrsBAAAAYAAJ/page/n838 837]}}</ref> |
It is a place of many lakes, among them [[Lake Volgo]], [[Lake Peno]], [[Lake Seliger]], [[Lake Brosno]], and [[Lake Valdayskoye]].<ref Name="Darby">{{cite book|last= Darby |author2=Richard Brookes |author3=William Darby |title= Darby's Universal Gazetteer: Or, A New Geographical Dictionary |publisher= Bennett & Walton |year=1827 |location= Original from the New York Public Library |url= https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_NrsBAAAAYAAJ |quote= Valdai Lake. |page=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_NrsBAAAAYAAJ/page/n838 837]}}</ref> |
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During the [[Weichselian glaciation|last glacial period]] the Valdai Hills with its hard rocks posed an obstacle to the glacier ice that advances from northwest diverting the ice into the lowlands.<ref name=Stroevenetal2016>{{cite journal|author-last=Stroeven|author-first=Arjen P. |author-last2=Hättestrand|author-first2=Clas |author-last3=Kleman|author-first3=Johan|author-last4=Heyman|author-first4=Jakob |author-last5=Fabel|author-first5=Derek |author-last6=Fredin|author-first6=Ola |author-last7=Goodfellow|author-first7=Bradley W. |author-last8=Harbor|author-first8=Jonathan M. |author-last9=Jansen|author-first9=John D. |author-last10=Olsen|author-first10=Lars |author-last11=Caffee|author-first11=Marc W. |author-last12=Fink|author-first12=David |author-last13=Lundqvist|author-first13=Jan |author-last14=Rosqvist|author-first14=Gunhild C. |author-last15=Strömberg|author-first15=Bo |author-last16=Jansson|author-first16=Krister N. |author-link13=Jan Lundqvist |date=2016|title=Deglaciation of Fennoscandia|journal=[[Quaternary Science Reviews]] |volume=147|pages=91–121|doi=10.1016/j.quascirev.2015.09.016 |bibcode=2016QSRv..147...91S |doi-access=free|hdl=1956/11701|hdl-access=free}}</ref> |
During the [[Weichselian glaciation|last glacial period]], the Valdai Hills with its hard rocks posed an obstacle to the glacier ice that advances from northwest, diverting the ice into the lowlands.<ref name=Stroevenetal2016>{{cite journal|author-last=Stroeven|author-first=Arjen P. |author-last2=Hättestrand|author-first2=Clas |author-last3=Kleman|author-first3=Johan|author-last4=Heyman|author-first4=Jakob |author-last5=Fabel|author-first5=Derek |author-last6=Fredin|author-first6=Ola |author-last7=Goodfellow|author-first7=Bradley W. |author-last8=Harbor|author-first8=Jonathan M. |author-last9=Jansen|author-first9=John D. |author-last10=Olsen|author-first10=Lars |author-last11=Caffee|author-first11=Marc W. |author-last12=Fink|author-first12=David |author-last13=Lundqvist|author-first13=Jan |author-last14=Rosqvist|author-first14=Gunhild C. |author-last15=Strömberg|author-first15=Bo |author-last16=Jansson|author-first16=Krister N. |author-link13=Jan Lundqvist |date=2016|title=Deglaciation of Fennoscandia|journal=[[Quaternary Science Reviews]] |volume=147|pages=91–121|doi=10.1016/j.quascirev.2015.09.016 |bibcode=2016QSRv..147...91S |doi-access=free|hdl=1956/11701|hdl-access=free}}</ref> |
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== Notes == |
== Notes == |
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Revision as of 22:04, 23 September 2024
The Valdai Hills,[a] sometimes shortened to Valdai,[b] are an upland region in the north-west of central European Russia running north–south, about midway between Saint Petersburg and Moscow, spanning Leningrad, Novgorod, Tver, Pskov, and Smolensk Oblasts.
The Valdai Hills are a popular tourist destination, particularly for fishing. The towns of Ostashkov and Valday are also known for their historical associations.
Valdaysky National Park was established in 1990 in the southern part of Novgorod Oblast to protect the landscapes of the highest part of the hills. The park includes Lake Valdayskoye and the northern section of Lake Seliger, as well as the town of Valday. Since 2004, the National Park has the status of a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve.[1]
Geography and geology
The hills are a northward extension of the Central Russian Upland. To the northwest stretches the Vepsian Upland. The ridge is overlain by deposited glacial materials in the form of terminal moraines and other detritus. The Valdai Hills reach their maximum height of 346.9 m (1,138 ft) near Vyshny Volochyok.[2][3][4]
The Volga, the Daugava (the Western Dvina), the Lovat, the Msta, the Dnieper, the Syas, and other rivers originate in the Valdai Hills. The region thus is divided among the drainage basins of the Caspian Sea (the Volga), the Black Sea (the Dnieper), and the Baltic Sea (the Msta and the Lovat via the Volkhov, the Syas via Lake Ladoga and the Neva, and the Daugava).
It is a place of many lakes, among them Lake Volgo, Lake Peno, Lake Seliger, Lake Brosno, and Lake Valdayskoye.[5]
During the last glacial period, the Valdai Hills with its hard rocks posed an obstacle to the glacier ice that advances from northwest, diverting the ice into the lowlands.[6]
Notes
References
- ^ Валдайский национальный парк (in Russian). Особо охраняемые природные территории России. Retrieved 11 February 2012.
- ^ "Вышневолоцкий район". Archived from the original on 2007-10-13. Retrieved 2008-05-08.
- ^ "Тверская Жизнь – Архив". Archived from the original on 2008-01-29. Retrieved 2008-05-08.
- ^ Русская Венеция – Offline
- ^ Darby; Richard Brookes; William Darby (1827). Darby's Universal Gazetteer: Or, A New Geographical Dictionary. Original from the New York Public Library: Bennett & Walton. p. 837.
Valdai Lake.
- ^ Stroeven, Arjen P.; Hättestrand, Clas; Kleman, Johan; Heyman, Jakob; Fabel, Derek; Fredin, Ola; Goodfellow, Bradley W.; Harbor, Jonathan M.; Jansen, John D.; Olsen, Lars; Caffee, Marc W.; Fink, David; Lundqvist, Jan; Rosqvist, Gunhild C.; Strömberg, Bo; Jansson, Krister N. (2016). "Deglaciation of Fennoscandia". Quaternary Science Reviews. 147: 91–121. Bibcode:2016QSRv..147...91S. doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2015.09.016. hdl:1956/11701.
External links
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