Blue Mountain (Pennsylvania)

Not to be confused with Blue Ridge Mountain (41.3628,-076.0535), a summit, also in Pennsylvania but limited to Wyoming County.

Blue Mountain
Kittatinny Mountain (and nine others: Blue Hills Kau-ta-tin-chunk Kekaghtenemin Mountain Kightotinning Mountain Kittachtinny Hills Kittatinhy Mountain Kittochtinny Hills Kittochtinny Mountains North Mountain)
The "Great Wall" of the Blue Mountain in Pennsylvania in February 2008
Highest point
Peak	Clarks Knob in Franklin County, Pennsylvania 2,320 feet (710 m)
Elevation	1,129 ft (344 m)
Coordinates	40°07′28″N 77°39′59″W
Dimensions
Length	150 mi (240 km) northeast-southwest to SSW 150 miles (240 km) (direct aerial) 255 miles (410 km) trace of ridgeline, including loops back width = varies along chain's length
Geography
Country	United States
State	Pennsylvania
Borders on	Ridge-and-Valley Appalachians and Great Appalachian Valley
Geology
Orogeny	Appalachian Mountains
Rock age	Silurian
Rock type(s)	Tuscarora Formation and Shawangunk Formation; sedimentary

Blue Mountain, Blue Mountain Ridge, or the Blue Mountains of Pennsylvania is a ridge of the Appalachian Mountains in eastern Pennsylvania. Forming the southern and eastern edge of the Ridge-and-Valley Appalachians physiographic province in Pennsylvania, Blue Mountain extends 150 miles (240 km) from the Delaware Water Gap on the New Jersey border in the east to Big Gap in Franklin County in south-central Pennsylvania at its southwestern end.

Views of Blue Mountain dominate the southern tier of most eastern and central Pennsylvania counties, providing an ever-visible backdrop cutting across the northern or western horizon. Most transport corridors and road beds piercing the barrier necessarily pass through large water gaps, including (west to east) the Susquehanna, Schuylkill, Lehigh and Delaware River valleys or wind gaps, low gaps in the ridge caused by ancient watercourses. The barrier ridge forms a distinct boundary between a number of Pennsylvania's geographical and cultural regions.

To the south of the Susquehanna River gap in the south-central part of the state is the Cumberland Valley, part of the Great Appalachian Valley; to its northwest side are the southern reaches of the Susquehanna Valley with picturesque streams channeling travel corridors deep into and over the central and western mountains and valleys—the heartland interior counties of Pennsylvania; along the Main Branch Susquehanna, the valleys also lead into the Coal Region of northeast Pennsylvania, the Wyoming Valley, and the distant Poconos. To the south of Blue Mountain lies the Capital Region of Harrisburg and nearby communities, the rich farming country of the Lebanon Valley and Pennsylvania Dutch Country of York and Lancaster counties, the lower half of the Lehigh Valley, and the lower Delaware Valley, both of which extend north through water gaps beyond the ridgeline.

Blue Mountain School District, which is named after the mountain range, is located just off PA Route 61 in Schuylkill Haven, Pennsylvania.

Geography

Blue Mountain in Moore Township in the Lehigh Valley region of eastern Pennsylvania in February 2014

The ridge of Blue Mountain runs for 150 miles (240 km) through Pennsylvania, reaching an elevation of 2,270 feet (690 m) above sea level just north of the Pennsylvania Turnpike, near the borough of Newburg. Most of the ridgecrest, however, only reaches between 1,400 and 1,700 feet (430 and 520 m) in elevation. The mountain's width varies from 1 to 3 miles (1.6 to 4.8 km).

The southwestern end of the mountain is at Big Gap, west of Shippensburg. The mountain ridge continues to the southwest toward Maryland as Broad Mountain. The northeastern end of the mountain is at the Delaware Water Gap on the New Jersey border. Mount Minsi, elevation 1,461 feet (445 m), forms the promontory overlooking the Delaware River. The ridge of Blue Mountain continues northeast into New Jersey as Kittatinny Mountain.

Blue Mountain marks the boundary between the Great Appalachian Valley and the main Ridge-and-Valley Appalachians.

Water gaps

Four of Pennsylvania's major rivers cut through Blue Mountain in water gaps:

• The Delaware River, which forms Pennsylvania's eastern border with New Jersey, passes through the ridge just southeast of Stroudsburg.
• The Lehigh River, which feeds the Delaware at Easton, passes through the Lehigh Gap at the ridge near Palmerton.
• The Schuylkill River, which feeds the Delaware at Philadelphia, passes through the ridge just north of Hamburg.
• The Susquehanna River, which feeds the Chesapeake Bay, passes through the ridge just north of Harrisburg, Pennsylvania's capital.

Pennsylvania Turnpike

Main article: Pennsylvania Turnpike

Blue Mountain Tunnel on Interstate 76 in May 2006

The Pennsylvania Turnpike system passes through Blue Mountain at two points:

• The Blue Mountain Tunnel carries the turnpike's east–west mainline (Interstate 76) through the ridge in northern Franklin County. The Kittatinny Mountain Tunnel bores through a parallel ridge of the same mountain just to the west, with the two tunnel portals only 0.2 miles (0.32 km) apart. Both were originally two lanes wide, though this was quickly found to be obsolete with a spot war increase of traffic, so a new tube was opened in November 1968. At this point, the original tube was upgraded, it reopened in 1971.
• The Lehigh Tunnel carries the turnpike's north–south Northeast Extension (Interstate 476) through the ridge between Lehigh and Carbon Counties. Both tunnels consist of two tubes and carry two lanes in each direction of travel. Traffic was light in the extensions first decade of service, though by the early 1970s, like the mainline tunnels, this was found to be obsolete. A new two lane tube opened to traffic in 1991, and the old tube was renovated by 1992.

Blue Mountain attractions in Pennsylvania

• Appalachian Trail is concurrent with the top of the ridge from New Jersey to northern Lebanon County, Pennsylvania.
• Blue Mountain Resort is found on the north face of the ridge in the southeastern corner of Carbon County, Pennsylvania.
• Boyd Big Tree Preserve Conservation Area is located in Dauphin County, Pennsylvania.
• Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area reaches across Northampton, Monroe, and Pike counties and into New Jersey, mostly to the northwest of the ridge.
• Hawk Mountain Ranger School, located just south of the Sanctuary, trains Civil Air Patrol members for their ground search and rescue Ranger Teams.
• Hawk Mountain Sanctuary is located at the very northern edge of Berks County, Pennsylvania.

See also

• Blue Mountain Geology

External links

• Blue Mountain Ski Area
• Blue Mountain School District