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Returning to the [[Kingdom of Hungary (1920–1946)|Kingdom of Hungary]], he worked in [[MÁVAG]]'s locomotive factory in this occupation. On the forefront of the designer team, he took part in the development of many great projects, such as the [[MÁV Class 424|Class 424]]. Between 1934 and 1938, Horthy was director of the company and after 1938 he became its general manager. In 1940, he married Countess [[Ilona Edelsheim-Gyulai]].
Returning to the [[Kingdom of Hungary (1920–1946)|Kingdom of Hungary]], he worked in [[MÁVAG]]'s locomotive factory in this occupation. On the forefront of the designer team, he took part in the development of many great projects, such as the [[MÁV Class 424|Class 424]]. Between 1934 and 1938, Horthy was director of the company and after 1938 he became its general manager. In 1940, he married Countess [[Ilona Edelsheim-Gyulai]].


István was [[Pro-western|pro-Western]], and he strenuously confronted [[Nazism]], often making his criticism public, despite [[Kingdom of Hungary (1920–1946)|Hungary]] being a part of the [[Axis powers|Axis]]. In January 1942, he had been elected Deputy Regent, and for some time, the "small regent" enjoyed massive popularity in Hungary. Shortly thereafter, István was sent to the [[Eastern Front (World War II)|Eastern Front]]. His humanity, and his disagreement in the "Jewish Question" appears even here, too – a quote from one of his letters, which he sent to his father from [[Kiev]]: "[...] Yet another sad topic: the Jewish companies, as I hear, -there 20 or 30,000 [men]-, are at the mercy of the sadist's passions, in every regard; the stomach of man gets ache [looking at this]; it is abhorrent, that in the 20th century, it happens at us, too... [...] I fear, we will pay for this very dearly once. (Is it possible to take them home to work there?) Otherwise, in spring, only a few will be alive. [...]"<ref>Ilona Edelsheim-Gyulai: Becsület és kötelesség, part I. Budapest, Európa press, 2001.</ref>
István was pro-[[Western world|Western]], and he strenuously confronted [[Nazism]], often making his criticism public, despite Hungary being a part of the [[Axis powers|Axis]]. In January 1942, he had been elected Deputy Regent, and for some time, the "small regent" enjoyed massive popularity in Hungary. Shortly thereafter, István was sent to the [[Eastern Front (World War II)|Eastern Front]]. His humanity, and his disagreement in the "Jewish Question" appears even here, too – a quote from one of his letters, which he sent to his father from [[Kiev]]: "[...] Yet another sad topic: the Jewish companies, as I hear, -there 20 or 30,000 [men]-, are at the mercy of the sadist's passions, in every regard; the stomach of man gets ache [looking at this]; it is abhorrent, that in the 20th century, it happens at us, too... [...] I fear, we will pay for this very dearly once. (Is it possible to take them home to work there?) Otherwise, in spring, only a few will be alive. [...]"<ref>Ilona Edelsheim-Gyulai: Becsület és kötelesség, part I. Budapest, Európa press, 2001.</ref>


István Horthy died in a much-publicized flying accident in Russia on 20 August 1942 (18 August, according to other authors),<ref name="Punka p. 9.">Punka 2002, p. 9.</ref><ref>''Time Magazine'', Monday, 31 August 1941, [https://web.archive.org/web/20071117063053/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,850013,00.html Milestones]</ref> He was then serving in the [[Hungarian Air Force|Royal Hungarian Air Force]] (''Magyar Királyi Honvéd Légierő''), MKHL, with the rank of 1/Lt, as a fighter pilot. His unit, 1/3 Fighter Squadron, was supporting the [[Hungarian Second Army]] against Soviet forces. He was flying his [[MÁVAG Héja|MÁVAG Héja I]] ("''Hawk'' I"), ''V.421'', a Hungarian fighter based on the Italian [[Reggiane Re.2000 Falco I|Reggiane Re.2000 ''Falco'' I]]. During his 25th operational [[sortie]], soon after [[takeoff]] from an airfield near [[Ilovka, Belgorod Oblast|Ilovskoye]], the other pilot flying with him asked Horthy to increase his altitude. István pulled up rapidly. His aircraft (which had become much more prone to [[Stall (fluid dynamics)|stall]]s after a steel plate was added behind the cockpit of all Héja Is to protect pilots, but shifting the plane's [[Center of gravity of an aircraft|center of gravity]]) stalled and crashed.<ref name= "Neulen p. 127.">Neulen 2000, p. 127.</ref> According to other sources, his aircraft entered a [[Flat spin (aviation)|flat spin]] after he made a turn at low speed to fly in close formation with a [[Heinkel He 46|He 46]] reconnaissance aircraft. Some were convinced that the Germans had [[Sabotage|sabotaged]] his aircraft.<ref>{{Citation |last=Stenge |first=Csaba |title=Horthy István halála, 1942. augusztus 20. Hír TV Ősök Tere, 2012 |date=15 September 2012 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tfo_bDTr4AM |access-date=6 April 2023 |language=hu |last2=Olasz |first2=Lajos |last3=Maráczi |first3=Tamás}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Elfnet |title=MÁVAG Héjja – Elfnet.hu |url=http://www.elfnet.hu/haditechnika/repulok/mavaghejja.php |access-date=2023-04-06 |website=www.elfnet.hu}}</ref>
István Horthy died in a much-publicized flying accident in Russia on 20 August 1942 (18 August, according to other authors),<ref name="Punka p. 9.">Punka 2002, p. 9.</ref><ref>''Time Magazine'', Monday, 31 August 1941, [https://web.archive.org/web/20071117063053/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,850013,00.html Milestones]</ref> He was then serving in the [[Hungarian Air Force|Royal Hungarian Air Force]] (''Magyar Királyi Honvéd Légierő''), MKHL, with the rank of 1/Lt, as a fighter pilot. His unit, 1/3 Fighter Squadron, was supporting the [[Hungarian Second Army]] against Soviet forces. He was flying his [[MÁVAG Héja|MÁVAG Héja I]] ("''Hawk'' I"), ''V.421'', a Hungarian fighter based on the Italian [[Reggiane Re.2000 Falco I|Reggiane Re.2000 ''Falco'' I]]. During his 25th operational [[sortie]], soon after [[takeoff]] from an airfield near [[Ilovka, Belgorod Oblast|Ilovskoye]], the other pilot flying with him asked Horthy to increase his altitude. István pulled up rapidly. His aircraft (which had become much more prone to [[Stall (fluid dynamics)|stall]]s after a steel plate was added behind the cockpit of all Héja Is to protect pilots, but shifting the plane's [[Center of gravity of an aircraft|center of gravity]]) stalled and crashed.<ref name= "Neulen p. 127.">Neulen 2000, p. 127.</ref> According to other sources, his aircraft entered a [[Flat spin (aviation)|flat spin]] after he made a turn at low speed to fly in close formation with a [[Heinkel He 46|He 46]] reconnaissance aircraft. Some were convinced that the Germans had [[Sabotage|sabotaged]] his aircraft.<ref>{{Citation |last=Stenge |first=Csaba |title=Horthy István halála, 1942. augusztus 20. Hír TV Ősök Tere, 2012 |date=15 September 2012 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tfo_bDTr4AM |access-date=6 April 2023 |language=hu |last2=Olasz |first2=Lajos |last3=Maráczi |first3=Tamás}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Elfnet |title=MÁVAG Héjja – Elfnet.hu |url=http://www.elfnet.hu/haditechnika/repulok/mavaghejja.php |access-date=2023-04-06 |website=www.elfnet.hu}}</ref>

Revision as of 22:04, 29 September 2024

The native form of this personal name is nagybányai Horthy István. This article uses Western name order when mentioning individuals.
Vitéz
István Horthy
de Nagybánya
Horthy in 1942
Vice-Regent of Hungary
In office
19 February 1942 – 20 August 1942
MonarchVacant
RegentMiklós Horthy
Preceded byOffice established
Succeeded byOffice abolished
Personal details
Born
István Horthy de Nagybánya

(1904-12-09)9 December 1904
Pola, Austria-Hungary (now Croatia)
Died20 August 1942(1942-08-20) (aged 37)
Alexeyevsky District, Russian SFSR, USSR (now Russia)
NationalityHungarian
Political partyIndependent
SpouseIlona Edelsheim-Gyulai
ChildrenSharif Horthy

Vitéz István Horthy de Nagybánya (9 December 1904 – 20 August 1942) was Hungarian regent Admiral Miklós Horthy's eldest son, a politician, and, during World War II, a fighter pilot.

Biography

In his youth, István Horthy and his younger brother Miklós Jr. were active members of a Catholic Scout troop of the Magyar Cserkészszövetség (Hungarian Scout Association), even though he was a Protestant.[1] Horthy graduated as a mechanical engineer in 1928. He went to the United States for one year and worked in the Ford factory in Detroit, Michigan.

Returning to the Kingdom of Hungary, he worked in MÁVAG's locomotive factory in this occupation. On the forefront of the designer team, he took part in the development of many great projects, such as the Class 424. Between 1934 and 1938, Horthy was director of the company and after 1938 he became its general manager. In 1940, he married Countess Ilona Edelsheim-Gyulai.

István was pro-Western, and he strenuously confronted Nazism, often making his criticism public, despite Hungary being a part of the Axis. In January 1942, he had been elected Deputy Regent, and for some time, the "small regent" enjoyed massive popularity in Hungary. Shortly thereafter, István was sent to the Eastern Front. His humanity, and his disagreement in the "Jewish Question" appears even here, too – a quote from one of his letters, which he sent to his father from Kiev: "[...] Yet another sad topic: the Jewish companies, as I hear, -there 20 or 30,000 [men]-, are at the mercy of the sadist's passions, in every regard; the stomach of man gets ache [looking at this]; it is abhorrent, that in the 20th century, it happens at us, too... [...] I fear, we will pay for this very dearly once. (Is it possible to take them home to work there?) Otherwise, in spring, only a few will be alive. [...]"[2]

István Horthy died in a much-publicized flying accident in Russia on 20 August 1942 (18 August, according to other authors),[3][4] He was then serving in the Royal Hungarian Air Force (Magyar Királyi Honvéd Légierő), MKHL, with the rank of 1/Lt, as a fighter pilot. His unit, 1/3 Fighter Squadron, was supporting the Hungarian Second Army against Soviet forces. He was flying his MÁVAG Héja I ("Hawk I"), V.421, a Hungarian fighter based on the Italian Reggiane Re.2000 Falco I. During his 25th operational sortie, soon after takeoff from an airfield near Ilovskoye, the other pilot flying with him asked Horthy to increase his altitude. István pulled up rapidly. His aircraft (which had become much more prone to stalls after a steel plate was added behind the cockpit of all Héja Is to protect pilots, but shifting the plane's center of gravity) stalled and crashed.[5] According to other sources, his aircraft entered a flat spin after he made a turn at low speed to fly in close formation with a He 46 reconnaissance aircraft. Some were convinced that the Germans had sabotaged his aircraft.[6][7]

His only son, Sharif István Horthy, is a physicist and architect.

Honors

Hungary honoured István Horthy by issuing a commemorative postage-stamp on 15 October 1942.[8]

References

Notes

  1. ^ John S. Wilson: Scouting Round the World, first edition, London, Blandford Press, 1959, 81.
  2. ^ Ilona Edelsheim-Gyulai: Becsület és kötelesség, part I. Budapest, Európa press, 2001.
  3. ^ Punka 2002, p. 9.
  4. ^ Time Magazine, Monday, 31 August 1941, Milestones
  5. ^ Neulen 2000, p. 127.
  6. ^ Stenge, Csaba; Olasz, Lajos; Maráczi, Tamás (September 15, 2012), Horthy István halála, 1942. augusztus 20. Hír TV Ősök Tere, 2012 (in Hungarian), retrieved April 6, 2023
  7. ^ Elfnet. "MÁVAG Héjja – Elfnet.hu". www.elfnet.hu. Retrieved April 6, 2023.
  8. ^ [colnect.com/en/stamps/stamp/179998-István_Horthy_son_of_Miklós_Horthy-People-Hungary Stamp: István Horthy, son of Miklós Horthy]

Bibliography

  • Neulen, Hans Werner. In the skies of Europe: Air Forces Allied to the Luftwaffe 1939–1945. Ramsbury, Marlborough, UK: The Crowood Press, 2000. ISBN 1-86126-799-1
  • Punka, George. Hungarian Aces of World War 2. Osprey Publishing, Oxford, England, 2002. ISBN 978-1-84176-436-8.
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