Jump to content

Sangdaedeung: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous editNext edit →
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
Line 31: Line 31:
|-
|-
|Beopheung/Jinji
|Beopheung/Jinji
|[[Guhyeong_of_Geumgwan_Gaya|Kim Guhae]]{{Efn|Kim Guhae, originally King Guheyong of Geumgwan Gaya, was given the title ''Sangdeung''({{Korean|hangul=상등|hanja=上等}}) upon his surrender to Bopheung in 532. Historians are still unsure whether ''Sangdeung'' was a different rendering of ''Sangdaeseung'', or simply an honorary title. {{cite web|title=상등 (上等)|website=[[Encyclopedia of Korean Culture]]|author=주보돈|language=ko|url=https://encykorea.aks.ac.kr/Article/E0072068|access-date=October 15, 2024}}}}
|[[Guhyeong_of_Geumgwan_Gaya|Kim Guhae]]{{Efn|Kim Guhae, originally King Guheyong of Geumgwan Gaya, was given the title ''Sangdeung''({{Korean|hangul=상등|hanja=上等}}) upon his surrender to Bopheung in 532. Historians are still unsure whether ''Sangdeung'' was a different rendering of ''Sangdaeseung'', or simply an honorary title.<ref>{{cite web|title=상등 (上等)|website=[[Encyclopedia of Korean Culture]]|author=주보돈|language=ko|url=https://encykorea.aks.ac.kr/Article/E0072068|access-date=October 15, 2024}}</ref>}}
|김구해
|김구해
|金仇亥
|金仇亥
Line 54: Line 54:
|수을부
|수을부
|首乙夫
|首乙夫
|November 588 - ?
|December 588 - ?
|<ref name=":0" />
|<ref name=":0" />
|-
|-
Line 328: Line 328:
|
|
|}
|}



== Footnotes ==
== Footnotes ==

Revision as of 20:25, 15 October 2024

Sangdaedeung (Korean: 상대등; Hanja: 上大等, the First of Daedeungs or Peers, Extraordinary Rank One) or Sangsin (상신, 上臣), was an office of the Silla state. It was considered as the highest and most prestigious office that one could attain next to the throne itself. It was established during King Beophung's 18th year as a king (531) and survived until the end of Silla.

Selection

The Sangdaedeung was chosen from among those men of "true bone" (진골, 眞骨) lineage in Silla's strict aristocratic social order. He presided over the Hwabaek Council (화백, 和白), an advisory and decision–making committee composed of other high–ranking officials holding the office of Daedeung (대등, 大等). The council‘s primary duties lay in rendering decisions on important state matters, such as succession to the throne and declarations of war.[1] Its existence dated back to the early Silla state and reflected that state‘s tribal origins. Throughout Silla history the Hwabaek Council led by the Sangdaedeung served as a check on the king‘s authority.

During the middle period of Silla, following that state‘s unification of the peninsula, the focus of government authority shifted from the Hwabaek Council and Sangdaedeung to the Chancellery Office (Jipsabu, 집사부, 執事部) and its Chief Minister (Sijung, 시중, 侍中, or alternately Jungsi, 중시, 中侍), an office instituted in Silla in 651 as the highest organ in the central government apparatus. This reflected the monarchy‘s efforts to curb the power of an independent nobility by relying on the Chinese inspired Jipsabu rather than the Hwabaek Council, whose existence was predicated on age old aristocratic and clan prerogatives. In the wake of several challenges to his authority King Sinmun dared even execute the Sangdaedeung Gungwan in 681 for complicity in the revolt of Kim Heumdol (김흠돌, 金欽突).

Despite these attempts to limit its power, the office of Sangdaedeung remained until the end of Silla the highest and most prestigious office one could attain short of the throne itself. In the later period of Silla, during which the throne was continuously contested, several monarchs emerged from the office of Sangdaedeung.

List of Known Sangdaedeung

Monarch Name Years in Service Ref
Romanized Hangul Hanja
Beopheung Ch'ŏlbu 철부 哲夫 531 - 534 [2]
Beopheung/Jinji Kim Guhae[a] 김구해 金仇亥 532? - 576? [4]
Jinji Geochilbu 거칠부 居柒夫 576 - ? [5]
Jinpyeong Noribu 노리부 弩里夫 August 579 - December 588 [6][7]
Sueulbu 수을부 首乙夫 December 588 - ? [7]
Seondeok Eulje 을제 乙祭 February 632 - 636 [8]
Su P'um 수품 水品 636 - November 645 [9]
Bidam 비담 毗曇 645 - 647 [10]
Jindeok Alcheon 알천 閼川 647 - 654 [11]
Kim Kang 김강 金剛 655 - 660
Muyeol/Munmu Kim Yushin 김유신 金庾信 660 - 673 [12]
Kim Gungwan 김군관 金軍官 679 - 681
Chin Pok 진복 眞福 681 - ?
Munyŏng 문영 文穎 694 - 695
Kaewŏn 개원 愷元 695 - ?
Inp'um 인품 仁品 706 - 720
Pae Pu 배부 裵賦 720 - 728
Sagong 사공 思恭 728 - ?
Chŏng Chong 정종 貞宗 737 - ?
Kim Sain 김사인 金思仁 745 - 757
Sinch'ung 신충 信忠 757 - 763
Manjong 만종 萬宗 763 - ?
Sin Yu 신유 神猷 768 - ?
Kim Yang-sang 김양상 金良相 774 - 780
Kim Kyŏngsin 김경신 金敬信 780 - 785
Ch'ungnyŏm 충렴 忠廉 785 - 792
Segang 세강 世強 792 - ?
Kim Ŏnsŭng 김언승 金彦昇 801 - 809
Kim Sungpin 김숭빈 金崇斌 809 - 819
Kim Suchong 김수종 金秀宗 819 - ?
Kim Kyunchŏng 김균정 金均貞 835 - 836
Kim Myŏng 김명 金明 837 - 838
Kim Kwi 김귀 金貴 838 - ?
Jang Bogo 장보고 張保皐 839 - ?
Yejing 예징 禮徵 840 - 849
Kim Ŭichŏng 김의정 金義正 849 - ?
Kim An 김안 金安 857 - ?
Kim Chŏng 김정 金正 862 - 874
Wijin 위진 魏珍 874 - ?
Kim Wihong 김위홍 金魏弘 875 - ?
Chunhŭng 준흥 俊興 898 - ?
Kim Sŏng 김성 金成 906 - 919?
Kyegang 계강 繼康 912 - ?
Wiŭng 위응 魏鷹 917 - 924


Footnotes

  1. ^ Kim Guhae, originally King Guheyong of Geumgwan Gaya, was given the title Sangdeung(Korean: 상등; Hanja: 上等) upon his surrender to Bopheung in 532. Historians are still unsure whether Sangdeung was a different rendering of Sangdaeseung, or simply an honorary title.[3]

References

  1. ^ Lee, Ki–baik. A New History of Korea (translated by Edward W. Wagner with Edward J. Shultz). (Cambridge, MA:Harvard University Press, 1984), p. 53.
  2. ^ 윤, 병희, "철부 (哲夫)", 한국민족문화대백과사전 [Encyclopedia of Korean Culture] (in Korean), Academy of Korean Studies, retrieved 2024-10-15
  3. ^ 주보돈. "상등 (上等)". Encyclopedia of Korean Culture (in Korean). Retrieved October 15, 2024.
  4. ^ 백, 승옥, "구형왕 (仇衡王)", 한국민족문화대백과사전 [Encyclopedia of Korean Culture] (in Korean), Academy of Korean Studies, retrieved 2024-10-15
  5. ^ "거칠부 (居柒夫)", 한국민족문화대백과사전 [Encyclopedia of Korean Culture] (in Korean), Academy of Korean Studies, retrieved 2024-10-15
  6. ^ 강, 종훈(대구가톨릭대 교수), "노리부 (弩里夫)", 한국민족문화대백과사전 [Encyclopedia of Korean Culture] (in Korean), Academy of Korean Studies, retrieved 2024-10-15
  7. ^ a b "한국사데이터베이스 비교보기 > 상대등 노리부가 죽다". db.history.go.kr. Retrieved 2024-10-15.
  8. ^ 김, 복순, "을제 (乙祭)", 한국민족문화대백과사전 [Encyclopedia of Korean Culture] (in Korean), Academy of Korean Studies, retrieved 2024-10-15
  9. ^ 최, 광식, "수품 (水品)", 한국민족문화대백과사전 [Encyclopedia of Korean Culture] (in Korean), Academy of Korean Studies, retrieved 2024-10-15
  10. ^ 김, 영하, "비담 (毗曇)", 한국민족문화대백과사전 [Encyclopedia of Korean Culture] (in Korean), Academy of Korean Studies, retrieved 2024-10-15
  11. ^ 김, 영하, "알천 (閼川)", 한국민족문화대백과사전 [Encyclopedia of Korean Culture] (in Korean), Academy of Korean Studies, retrieved 2024-10-15
  12. ^ "우리역사넷". contents.history.go.kr. Retrieved 2024-10-15.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Sangdaedeung&oldid=1251370314"