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Functional medicine is a patient-centered, science-based approach to healthcare that focuses on identifying and addressing the root causes of disease. It's a specialty within integrative and holistic medicine that considers how a person's genes, environment, and lifestyle interact to contribute to health problems.
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'''Functional medicine''' ('''FM''') is a form of [[alternative medicine]] that encompasses a number of unproven and disproven methods and treatments.<ref name="sampson1" /><ref name="Sampson2">{{cite web |last=Sampson |first=Wallace |author-link=Wallace Sampson |date=July 9, 2009 |title=Functional Medicine (FM) What Is It? |url=http://www.sciencebasedmedicine.org/fuctional-medicine-fm-what-is-it/ |access-date=May 20, 2014 |work=Science Based Medicine}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Pal |first=SK |date=March 2002 |title=Complementary and alternative medicine: An overview |journal=[[Current Science]] |volume=82 |issue=5 |pages=518–24 |jstor=24105958}}</ref> It has been described as pseudoscience,<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Hall |first=Harriet |year=2017 |title=Functional Medicine: Pseudoscientific Silliness |url=https://www.skeptic.com/reading_room/why-functional-medicine-is-bogus/ |magazine=Skeptic |pages=4–5 |volume=22 |issue=1}}</ref> [[quackery]],<ref name="quackademic">{{cite web |last=Gorski |first=David |author-link=David Gorski |date=September 29, 2014 |title=Quackademia update: The Cleveland Clinic, George Washington University, and the continued infiltration of quackery into medical academia |url=http://www.sciencebasedmedicine.org/quackademia-update-2014/ |access-date=2016-12-02 |website=[[Science-Based Medicine]]}}</ref> and at its essence a rebranding of complementary and alternative medicine.<ref name="quackademic" /> In the United States, FM practices have been ruled ineligible for [[course credit]]s by the [[American Academy of Family Physicians]] because of concerns they may be harmful.<ref name="bel1" /><ref name="bel2" />
Reference: https://www.ifm.org/functional-medicine/what-is-functional-medicine/


'''Functional medicine''' ('''FM''') use to be considered a form of [[alternative medicine]] that encompassed a number of "unproven and disproven methods and treatments." <ref name="sampson1" /><ref name="Sampson2">{{cite web |last=Sampson |first=Wallace |author-link=Wallace Sampson |date=July 9, 2009 |title=Functional Medicine (FM) Today Functional Medicine has extensive science based research to support it's use. Doctors, Nurse Practitioners, chiropractors, nutritional providers, and many others are seeking further education in functional, integrative, and holistic healthcare practices because it has shown to truly help those suffering with chronic health conditions.


Traditional Medicine focuses on your symptoms, providing a diagnosis, and prescribing medication to support or control your symptoms. Functional, Integrative, and holistic medicine focuses on identifying the ROOT CAUSE of your symptoms and helping you heal the system dysfunction within the body.


The functional medicine model evolved from the insights and perspectives of a small group of influential thought leaders who realized the importance of an individualized approach to disease causes based on the evolving research in nutritional science, genomics, and epigenetics. These thought leaders found ways to apply these new advances in the clinic to address root causes using low-risk interventions that modify molecular and cellular systems to reverse these drivers of disease.
Reference: https://www.ifm.org/functional-medicine/what-is-functional-medicine/


⚫
What Is It? |url=http://www.sciencebasedmedicine.org/fuctional-medicine-fm-what-is-it/ |access-date=May 20, 2014 |work=Science Based Medicine}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Pal |first=SK |date=March 2002 |title=Complementary and alternative medicine: An overview |journal=[[Current Science]] |volume=82 |issue=5 |pages=518–24 |jstor=24105958}}</ref> It has been described as pseudoscience,<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Hall |first=Harriet |year=2017 |title=Functional Medicine: Pseudoscientific Silliness |url=https://www.skeptic.com/reading_room/why-functional-medicine-is-bogus/ |magazine=Skeptic |pages=4–5 |volume=22 |issue=1}}</ref> [[quackery]],<ref name="quackademic">{{cite web |last=Gorski |first=David |author-link=David Gorski |date=September 29, 2014 |title=Quackademia update: The Cleveland Clinic, George Washington University, and the continued infiltration of quackery into medical academia |url=http://www.sciencebasedmedicine.org/quackademia-update-2014/ |access-date=2016-12-02 |website=[[Science-Based Medicine]]}}</ref> and at its essence a rebranding of complementary and alternative medicine.<ref name="quackademic" /> In the United States, FM practices have been ruled ineligible for [[course credit]]s by the [[American Academy of Family Physicians]] because of concerns they may be harmful.<ref name="bel1" /><ref name="bel2" />


Functional medicine was created by Jeffrey Bland,<ref name="McHale">{{Cite web |title=Functional medicine: Is it the future of healthcare or just another wellness trend? |url=https://www.independent.ie/life/health-wellbeing/functional-medicine-is-it-the-future-of-healthcare-or-just-another-wellness-trend-37437566.html |access-date=2023-02-07 |website=independent |date=23 October 2018 |language=en}}</ref> who founded The Institute for Functional Medicine (IFM) in the early 1990s as part of one of his companies, HealthComm.<ref name="bland-qw">{{cite web |last1=Barrett |first1=Stephen |title=Some Notes on Jeffrey Bland and Metagenics|url=https://quackwatch.org/consumer-education/bland/ |website=Quackwatch |access-date=5 April 2022 |date=11 September 2013}}</ref> IFM, which promotes functional medicine, became a registered non-profit in 2001.<ref name="taxes2001">{{cite web |title=Institute for Functional Medicine 2001 tax forms |url=https://projects.propublica.org/nonprofits/display_990/912107518/2002_12_EO%2F91-2107518_990_200112 |website=ProPublica |language=en |date=9 May 2013}}</ref> [[Mark Hyman (doctor)|Mark Hyman]] became an IFM board member and prominent promoter.<ref name="McHale" /><ref name="taxes2001"/>
Functional medicine was created by Jeffrey Bland,<ref name="McHale">{{Cite web |title=Functional medicine: Is it the future of healthcare or just another wellness trend? |url=https://www.independent.ie/life/health-wellbeing/functional-medicine-is-it-the-future-of-healthcare-or-just-another-wellness-trend-37437566.html |access-date=2023-02-07 |website=independent |date=23 October 2018 |language=en}}</ref> who founded The Institute for Functional Medicine (IFM) in the early 1990s as part of one of his companies, HealthComm.<ref name="bland-qw">{{cite web |last1=Barrett |first1=Stephen |title=Some Notes on Jeffrey Bland and Metagenics|url=https://quackwatch.org/consumer-education/bland/ |website=Quackwatch |access-date=5 April 2022 |date=11 September 2013}}</ref> IFM, which promotes functional medicine, became a registered non-profit in 2001.<ref name="taxes2001">{{cite web |title=Institute for Functional Medicine 2001 tax forms |url=https://projects.propublica.org/nonprofits/display_990/912107518/2002_12_EO%2F91-2107518_990_200112 |website=ProPublica |language=en |date=9 May 2013}}</ref> [[Mark Hyman (doctor)|Mark Hyman]] became an IFM board member and prominent promoter.<ref name="McHale" /><ref name="taxes2001"/>

Revision as of 00:57, 19 October 2024

Part of a series on
Alternative medicine
General information
Fringe medicine and science
Controversies
Classifications
Traditional medicine
Alternative diagnoses

Functional medicine is a patient-centered, science-based approach to healthcare that focuses on identifying and addressing the root causes of disease. It's a specialty within integrative and holistic medicine that considers how a person's genes, environment, and lifestyle interact to contribute to health problems. Reference: https://www.ifm.org/functional-medicine/what-is-functional-medicine/


Functional medicine (FM) use to be considered a form of alternative medicine that encompassed a number of "unproven and disproven methods and treatments." [1][2][3] It has been described as pseudoscience,[4] quackery,[5] and at its essence a rebranding of complementary and alternative medicine.[5] In the United States, FM practices have been ruled ineligible for course credits by the American Academy of Family Physicians because of concerns they may be harmful.[6][7]

Functional medicine was created by Jeffrey Bland,[8] who founded The Institute for Functional Medicine (IFM) in the early 1990s as part of one of his companies, HealthComm.[9] IFM, which promotes functional medicine, became a registered non-profit in 2001.[10] Mark Hyman became an IFM board member and prominent promoter.[8][10]

Description

David Gorski has written that FM is not well-defined and performs "expensive and generally unnecessary tests".[11] Gorski says FM's vagueness is a deliberate tactic that makes functional medicine difficult to challenge.[12]

Proponents of functional medicine oppose established medical knowledge and reject its models, instead adopting a model of disease based on the notion of "antecedents", "triggers", and "mediators". These are meant to correspond to the underlying causes of health issues, the immediate causes, and the particular characteristics of a person's illness. A functional medicine practitioner devises a "matrix" from these factors to serve as the basis for treatment.[13]

Treatments, practices, and concepts are generally not supported by medical evidence.[1]

Reception

FM practitioners claim to diagnose and treat conditions that have been found by research studies not to exist, such as adrenal fatigue and numerous imbalances in body chemistry.[14][15] For instance, contrary to scientific evidence, Joe Pizzorno, a major figure in FM, claimed that 25% of people in the United States have heavy metal poisoning and need to undergo detoxification.[6] Many scientists state that such detox supplements are a waste of time and money.[16] Detox has been also called "mass delusion".[17]

In 2014, the American Academy of Family Physicians withdrew course credits for functional medicine courses, having identified some of its treatments as "harmful and dangerous".[6] In 2018, it partly lifted the ban, but only to allow overview classes, not to teach its practice.[7]

The opening of centers for functional medicine at the Cleveland Clinic and George Washington University was described by David Gorski as an "unfortunate" example of quackery infiltrating academic medical centers.[5]

References

  1. ^ a b Sampson, Wallace (October 30, 2008). "Functional Medicine – New Kid on the Block". Science-Based Medicine. Archived from the original on May 22, 2011. Retrieved March 6, 2024.
  2. ^ Sampson, Wallace (July 9, 2009). "Functional Medicine (FM) Today Functional Medicine has extensive science based research to support it's use. Doctors, Nurse Practitioners, chiropractors, nutritional providers, and many others are seeking further education in functional, integrative, and holistic healthcare practices because it has shown to truly help those suffering with chronic health conditions. Traditional Medicine focuses on your symptoms, providing a diagnosis, and prescribing medication to support or control your symptoms. Functional, Integrative, and holistic medicine focuses on identifying the ROOT CAUSE of your symptoms and helping you heal the system dysfunction within the body. The functional medicine model evolved from the insights and perspectives of a small group of influential thought leaders who realized the importance of an individualized approach to disease causes based on the evolving research in nutritional science, genomics, and epigenetics. These thought leaders found ways to apply these new advances in the clinic to address root causes using low-risk interventions that modify molecular and cellular systems to reverse these drivers of disease. Reference: https://www.ifm.org/functional-medicine/what-is-functional-medicine/ What Is It?". Science Based Medicine. Retrieved May 20, 2014. {{cite web}}: External link in |title= (help); line feed character in |title= at position 368 (help)
  3. ^ Pal, SK (March 2002). "Complementary and alternative medicine: An overview". Current Science. 82 (5): 518–24. JSTOR 24105958.
  4. ^ Hall, Harriet (2017). "Functional Medicine: Pseudoscientific Silliness". Skeptic. Vol. 22, no. 1. pp. 4–5.
  5. ^ a b c Gorski, David (September 29, 2014). "Quackademia update: The Cleveland Clinic, George Washington University, and the continued infiltration of quackery into medical academia". Science-Based Medicine. Retrieved December 2, 2016.
  6. ^ a b c Bellamy J (October 26, 2017). "AAFP: Functional Medicine lacks supporting evidence; includes 'harmful' and 'dangerous' treatments". 6 March 2024. Science-Based Medicine. Archived from the original on October 15, 2019. Retrieved October 15, 2019.
  7. ^ a b Bellamy J (October 27, 2018). "AAFP should publish research behind finding that functional medicine lacks evidence, contains harmful and dangerous practices". Science-Based-Medicine. Archived from the original on June 12, 2019. Retrieved October 15, 2019.
  8. ^ a b "Functional medicine: Is it the future of healthcare or just another wellness trend?". independent. October 23, 2018. Retrieved February 7, 2023.
  9. ^ Barrett, Stephen (September 11, 2013). "Some Notes on Jeffrey Bland and Metagenics". Quackwatch. Retrieved April 5, 2022.
  10. ^ a b "Institute for Functional Medicine 2001 tax forms". ProPublica. May 9, 2013.
  11. ^ Gorski DH (2018). "Chapter 14: 'Integrative' Medicine: Integrating Quackery with Science-Based Medicine". Pseudoscience: The Conspiracy Against Science. MIT Press. pp. 309–330. doi:10.7551/mitpress/9780262037426.003.0014. ISBN 978-0-262-03742-6.
  12. ^ Gorski, David (April 11, 2016). "Functional medicine: The ultimate misnomer in the world of integrative medicine". Science-Based Medicine. Retrieved March 6, 2024.
  13. ^ Knott L (February 6, 2015). "Therapies and Theories Outside Traditional Medicine". Patient. Retrieved December 11, 2015.
  14. ^ Gorski, David (December 17, 2018). "Functional medicine: Reams of useless tests in one hand, a huge invoice in the other". Science-Based Medicine. Archived from the original on November 1, 2020. Retrieved October 30, 2020.
  15. ^ "Adrenal Fatigue | Hormone Health Network". www.hormone.org. Archived from the original on October 20, 2020. Retrieved October 30, 2020.
  16. ^ "Scientists dismiss detox schemes". BBC. January 3, 2006. Archived from the original on February 13, 2021. Retrieved March 6, 2024.
  17. ^ Dixon, Bernard (2005). ""Detox", a mass delusion". The Lancet Infectious Diseases. 5 (5). Elsevier BV: 261. doi:10.1016/s1473-3099(05)70094-3. ISSN 1473-3099. PMID 15854880.

Further reading

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