MAN Lion's City: Difference between revisions
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Gimpo Trans Co. received the first delivery of NL313F CNG and began service on [[Gimpo]] City bus route 1002 in November 2017. |
Gimpo Trans Co. received the first delivery of NL313F CNG and began service on [[Gimpo]] City bus route 1002 in November 2017. |
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===Australia=== |
===Australia=== |
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Revision as of 10:33, 23 October 2024
| MAN Lion's City | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Overview | |
| Manufacturer | MAN Truck & Bus |
| Production | 1996–present |
| Assembly |
|
| Body and chassis | |
| Class | Integral bus |
| Body style | |
| Doors | 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 |
| Floor type | |
| Related |
|
| Powertrain | |
| Power output | 220–360 hp (160–270 kW) |
| Dimensions | |
| Length | 8.13–20.45 metres (26.7–67.1 ft) |
| Width | 2.38–2.55 metres (7 ft 10 in – 8 ft 4 in) |
| Height | 2.99–4.37 metres (9 ft 10 in – 14 ft 4 in) |
| Chronology | |
| Predecessor |
|
The MAN Lion's City is a range of low-floor and low-entry public buses built by German truck and bus manufacturer MAN Truck & Bus (previously MAN Nutzfahrzeuge) since 1996 primarily for the European market, but is also available in chassis-only variants worldwide. The name Lion's City has been used since 2006, when MAN's public bus models which had been marketed separately were gathered into one range, when also most models received a facelift. The first models to be introduced were the 12-metre low-floor intercity bus NÜ xx3 (A20) in 1996, the 12-metre city bus NL xx3 (A21) in 1997 and the articulated NG xx3 (A23) in 1998. As with former MAN bus models the power-rating made up part of the model name, giving the NÜ-series buses with power-ratings of 260 and 310 hp model names NÜ 263 and NÜ 313 respectively.[1] The main production sites are in Starachowice and Sady in Poland, but the models have also been built in Germany, Turkey and Malaysia. Initially most of the midibus variants were manufactured by Göppel Bus in Augsburg, later Nobitz.
Models are available with a 6-cylinder turbocharged straight engine which runs on diesel, compressed natural gas or liquefied petroleum gas. Versions with hydrogen fuel cell[2] drive and with hydrogen internal combustion engines[3] have been successfully tested, as well as diesel-electric hybrid drive.[4] A production hybrid-electric version, the Lion's City Hybrid, which uses supercapacitors and two 67 kW electric motors is available since 2010. Hybrid electric buses offer increased efficiency in urban traffic and use 30% less fuel than combustion-only buses.[5]
The latest generation of Neoplan Centroliner is based on the Lion's City (Neoplan was also part of the Neoman Bus group).
Integral variants
Codes inside parentheses are internal codes that identify some technical characteristics of the variants, like length/wheelbase, number of axles, floor height, width, engine arrangement and so on. Some codes are unique to one variant, while others are shared between variants. Some variants have changed from one code to another over time. These codes are sometimes mistakenly used as a model designation. One can find the codes in VINs (i.e. WMAA21...) and in vehicle production serial numbers (i.e. A210012).
Current
- City (low-floor)
- Lion's City 12, 12 m single-decker diesel[6]
- Lion's City 12 G, 12 m single-decker CNG[6]
- Lion's City 12 E, 12 m single-decker electric[6]
- Lion's City 18, 18 m articulated diesel[6]
- Lion's City 18 G, 18 m articulated CNG[6]
- Lion's City, known as NL xx3 1997–2004 – 12 m single-decker[7]
- horizontal engine (A21)
- vertical engine (A37), since 2002[8]
- Lion's City Hybrid (A37) – 12 m hybrid single-decker
- Lion's City C (A26, A36 since 2013) – 13.7 m single-decker
- Lion's City L (A26), known as NL xx3 - 15 m 1998–2004, Lion's City LL 2004–2009 – 14.7 m single-decker[7]
- Lion's City G (A23), known as NG xx3 1998–2004 – 18 m articulated[7]
- Lion's City GL (A23, A40 since 2011) – 18.75 m articulated
- Lion's City M – 10.5 m midibus
- 2.38 m wide (A35)
- 2.5 m wide (A47)
- City (low-entry)
- Lion's City LE (A78), known as EL xx3 2003–2004, Lion's City T 2004–2008 – 12m single-decker[7]
- Lion's City C LE (A26, A45 since 2013?) – 13.7 m single-decker
- Lion's City L LE (A26, A44 since 2012?) – 14.7 m single-decker
- Lion's City G LE (A42) – 18 m articulated
- Lion's City GL LE (A49) – 18.75 m articulated
- Intercity (low-floor)
- Lion's City Ü (A20), known as NÜ xx3 1996–2004 – 12m single-decker
- Intercity (low-entry)
- Lion's City LE Ü (A78), known as EL xx3 2003–2004, Lion's City TÜ 2004–2008 – 12m single-decker[7]
Discontinued
- City (low-floor)
- Lion's City DD (A39) – 13.73 m double-decker
- Lion's City GXL (A43) – 20.45 m articulated
- Lion's City M, known as NM xx3 and EM xx3 until 2005 – 8.13 m to 11.21 m midibus, bodied on 10/11.xxx HOCL (469), 12.xxx HOCL-NL (A76), 14.xxx HOCL-NL (A66) and MAN NLxx3F (A22) chassis by Göppel Bus[7]
- Intercity (low-floor)
- Lion's City ÜLL (A25), known as NÜ xx3 - 15 m 1998–2004 – 14.7 m single decker[7]
Type designation system
The type designations were used to define all models prior to 2004. With the introduction of the model names in 2004, the system is still in use on all vehicles, but is more for internal use. In most cases it can be found on the plate inside the bus where one finds the VIN.
- Floor height
- N: Low-floor bus (Template:Lang-de)
- E: Low-entry bus (Some low-entry versions have letter N instead when they are built technically similar to the low-floor version.)
- Adaption
- L: Rigid bus (no special adaption) (Template:Lang-de)
- D: Double-decker bus (Template:Lang-de)
- G: Articulated bus (Template:Lang-de)
- M: Midibus
- Ü: Intercity bus (Template:Lang-de)
- Power code
- xx: First two digits of power output in hp (nearest ten)
- 3: third generation
- F: Denotes that it is built as a chassis for external bodywork (Template:Lang-de)
For example, an ND323F low-floor double-decker bus has a power output of 320 hp.
Chassis variants (for external bodywork)
Low-floor chassis variants are offered for external bodywork by local bodywork manufacturers. Most are bodied in the local manufacturer's own styling, but some are licensed to replicate the Lion's City bodywork, usually in markets where MAN don't sell the integral variants. This includes the East Lancs Kinetec for the UK market, which only replicate the front part and Gemilang Coachworks's version of the Lion's City, replicating the whole LHD bodywork for their (usually RHD) buses sold in Asia Pacific market, including the Lion's City Hybrid bodywork mounted on conventional diesel chassis.
- NLxx3F (A22) – single-decker bus, horizontal engine, 10.5 m – 12.0 m
- NDxx3F (A34/A48/A95) – double-decker bus, 10.85 m – 12.8 m. They have only been built in very small numbers and only for right-hand drive markets.
- NGxx3F (A24) – articulated bus, horizontal engine, 18.0 m – 18.75 m[11]
- NMxx3F (A35) – midibus, vertical engine, 9.7 m – 10.4 m[11]
Single Decker
 | The examples and perspective in this section deal primarily with Singapore and do not represent a worldwide view of the subject. (October 2023) |
MAN NLxx3F (A22)
| MAN NLxx3F / NLxx3F (A22) | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Overview | |
| Manufacturer | MAN |
| Production |
|
| Assembly | Munich, Germany |
| Body and chassis | |
| Class | Bus chassis |
| Body style | Single-decker bus |
| Doors | 1 – 3 doors |
| Floor type | Low floor |
| Related | MAN NLxx3 Lion's City (A21) |
| Powertrain | |
| Engine |
|
| Electric motor |
|
| Power output | 220–320 hp |
| Transmission | Voith DIWA ZF Ecomat ZF EcoLife Linkker LinkDrive |
| Battery |
|
| Electric range |
|
| Plug-in charging |
|
| Dimensions | |
| Wheelbase | 5875 mm |
| Length | 10.5 -12.0 m (bodied) |
| Width | 2.50 – 2.55m |
| Height | 3.34m |
| Chronology | |
| Predecessor | MAN NLxx2F (898) |
The MAN NLxx3F is a series of low-floor single-decker city bus chassis between 10.5 and 12.0 metres length,[12] offered by MAN since 1998, with chassis code A22. They are based on the integral low-floor MAN NLxx3 Lion's City (A21). Available versions since launch include: NL223F, NL233F, NL243F, NL263F, NL273F, NL283F, NL313F, and NL323F. -LPG and CNG versions are also available, with NL313F CNG being the most powerful.
Operators
Europe
Spain
EMT Madrid of Madrid, Spain received a total of 84 CNG-powered NL313F CNGs in 2008. They were bodied by Castrosua and Burillo.[13]
In 2011, five 10.4m NL283Fs and one Hispano Area-bodied NL283F began operating in Santiago de Compostela and Buñol respectively.[14][15]
Between 2011 and 2012, 13 man NL283F buses came into operation in Tcc Pamplona, of which four were bodied by Sunsundegui and the other 9 by Castrosua.
In 2017, fifteen NL323F buses came into operation in EMT Malaga, all of them bodied by Castrosua
United Kingdom
Wrightbus initially developed a bodywork for the MAN NL273F, called the Wright Meridian.[16] It was the first MAN chassis to be bodied by Wrightbus. A Meridian demonstrator was launched at the Coach & Bus Live 2007, which entered service with Whitelaws. Regal Busways, Newbury Buses and Diamond Bus North West each operate an handful of Wright Meridian-bodied NL273Fs across the United Kingdom.
Asia-Pacific
Singapore
SMRT Buses trialled an MCV Evolution bodied MAN NL323F demonstrator in 2010. Following the success of the trial, SMRT Buses announced the purchase of 200 MAN NL323F Euro V with MAN Lion's City Hybrid Bodywork manufactured and assembled in Malaysia by Gemilang Coachworks. The first of these debuted in 2011. These were followed up by orders for 202 more of such buses in 2013, and then 332 more units in 2014.
As part of the Bus Contracting Model (BCM), some of the buses were transferred to Tower Transit Singapore, Go-Ahead Singapore and SBS Transit respectively, and some buses have been repainted into the standardized lush green livery.
In October 2016, a MAN NL323F concept bus with 3 doors was exhibited at the Singapore International Transport Congress and Exhibition (SITCE). Marketed as the MAN Lion's City SD 3Dr, it features a modified bodywork design based on the MAN Lion's City Hybrid, built to a low-entry configuration under license by Gemilang Coachworks. The bus was later painted into the lush green livery and began a 6-month trial service with SMRT Buses from 19 June 2017, starting from bus service 190. The Bus was later taken out of service in December 2017 after its trial and parked at ST Engineering Land System's compound. The bus was then converted to LTA Smart Bus and exhibited during Singapore International Transport Congress and Exhibition (SITCE) 2019 where it displayed some proof-of-concept by Youths. Some features include retractable handgrip, wingless mirror, driver facial security & anti-fatigue system, bus lane violation system, contactless payments systems, interactive capacity lighting systems, auto-tinting windows and interactive touch screen windows. As part of the proof-of-concept, the engine of the bus was removed with no further road trials planned. In 2021, the bus was parked at LTA's Headquarter at Hampshire Road for static display until 2023 when it was sent to scrap.[17]
In 2017 the Land Transport Authority of Singapore procured 250 MAN Buses of which 100 units being MAN NL323F Euro VI. It is also bodied by Gemilang Coachwork with MAN Lion's City Bodywork with both ZF and Voith Gearbox. These buses also feature additional features such as Passenger Information Display Systems (PIDS), Driver Assistance Technology and 2 wheelchair bays. These buses made their debut in May 2018.
In the same year, 2017, a Euro V MAN NL323F was taken out of revenue service and was then shipped from Singapore to Turku in Finland as part of a proof of concept for retrofitting diesel buses to electric buses. The project was done with Finnish Electric Bus manufacturer, Linkker and assisted by ST Engineering. The bus had undergone extensive conversion and installation of traction system, battery system, power distribution system, vehicle control system, charging connectivity system and driver's workplace upgrade. It has since been retrofitted with overhead opportunity charging via pantograph with a secondary CCS2 plug-in charger and Linkker LinkDrive electric driveline. The bus was then redeployed back on revenue service after approximately 4 years in 2021. However, the bus was plagued by several issues and was taken out of revenue service and was back on ST Engineering's premises for repairs. After 8 months, the bus returned to revenue service once again in August 2023.[18]
In 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic, 20 units of NL323F were deregistered and retrofitted into dedicated COVID-19 patient transport vehicles known as COMET MAXI. This project is a collaboration between SMRT Corporation, HOPE Technik, Sheares Healthcare and Temasek Foundation. These buses were repainted into a Silver Livery and pasted with perforated vinyl stickers intended for privacy. These buses are retrofitted with airtight floor-to-ceiling partition separating the Bus Captain from rear passenger compartment featuring an emergency door for cross-compartment passage fitted with a rubber gasket and viewing windows on the partition. The buses are also installed with Negative Pressure System with HEPA Filters, ensuring clean air is filtered out from the passengers compartment, as which 2 seats are removed from the bus. Other modifications include the isolation of both cabin's air-conditioning system, differential pressure gauge and additional roof mounted aircon duct and an air-conditioning blower at the front of the dashboard.[19] These buses were sold off to private operators in 2021 due to excess buses in the public service fleet, with modifications removed on some units.[20]
South Korea
In March 2017, MAN exhibited a 12.0m Castrosua City Versus bodied MAN NL313F CNG concept bus with three doors at the 11th Seoul Motor Show. It was marketed as the MAN Lion's City CNG, despite featuring Castrosua bodywork, which has a different design with the integral MAN Lion's City's body.[21]
Gimpo Trans Co. received the first delivery of NL313F CNG and began service on Gimpo City bus route 1002 in November 2017.
Australia
At Brisbane Airport, Carbridge operates one imported and rebodied Gemilang Coachworks MAN NL323F from Singapore which was a demonstrator unit as SMB138Y for SMRT Buses with the MCV Evolution bodywork. This unit was displayed at the 2015 BusVic Maintenance Conference in Moonee Valley, Victoria.
Middle East
Israel
Dan Bus Company and Egged operate a fleet of NL313Fs and NL323Fs in Jerusalem, Tel Aviv and Haifa.
Double decker
| MAN ND313F / ND363F (A34) MAN ND243F / ND283F (A48) MAN ND323F / ND363F (A95) | |
|---|---|
 KMB's ND313F with Neoplan Centroliner bodywork. | |
| Overview | |
| Manufacturer | MAN |
| Production |
|
| Body and chassis | |
| Class | Bus chassis |
| Body style | Double-decker bus |
| Doors | 1 or 2 doors |
| Floor type | Low floor |
| Related | MAN NDxx3 Lion's City DD (A39) |
| Powertrain | |
| Engine |
|
| Power output | 240–360 hp (180–270 kW) |
| Transmission | Voith DIWA ZF EcoLife |
| Dimensions | |
| Length | 10.85m (2-Axle) 12m, 12.8m (3-Axle) |
| Width | 2.55m |
| Height | 4.1m, 4.2m, 4.3m, 4.4m |
MAN ND313F / ND363F (A34)
The MAN ND313F and MAN ND363F, with the chassis code A34, is a tri-axle 12-metre chassis. A total number of 27 chassis were built between 2003 and 2006.
In 2003, Kowloon Motor Bus (KMB) of Hong Kong received one MAN ND313F with Neoplan Centroliner N4426 bodywork, it received fleet number APM1 and registration number LE4612, entering service later in the same year. The bus remained unique in Kowloon Motor Bus fleet. It was retired in January 2019.
25 ND363F received Ayats coach bodywork, and were delivered to Ulsterbus of Northern Ireland in 2006.
MAN ND243F / ND283F (A48)
In 2006, a 10.85-metre two-axle version was launched as the MAN ND243F and MAN ND283F, with chassis code A48.
One ND283F received an East Lancs Kinetec+ bodywork, which had a front similar to that of MAN Lion's City.
Two more ND283F test chassis were built, but no ND243F.
MAN ND323F / ND363F (A95)
In 2013, a new double deck chassis based on the A22-series low floor single-decker chassis was launched as the MAN ND323F and MAN ND363F, with a new chassis code A95. Currently, the bodywork of all A95 buses are built by Gemilang Coachworks and are based on the licensed MAN Lion's City DD design, and is also marketed in various markets as the MAN Lion's City DD for the 12 m long variant and the MAN Lion's City DD L for the 12.8m long variant. A concept bodywork design was unveiled in 2015, in the form of a 3-door bus built for Singapore's Land Transport Authority (LTA). Currently, a refreshed design based on the concept is being adopted on the newer buses. In addition, the Australian market buses feature a different rear end design as compared to those sold in other markets.
Singapore
_on_Service_850E.jpg)
In November 2014, SMRT was given a single MAN ND323F demonstrator for trial purposes at the manufacturer's request. Following a successful trial run, SMRT ordered 16 MAN ND323Fs which were delivered between August and November 2015 with tree guards pre-installed.
In late 2015, the Land Transport Authority ordered 60 units as part of the Bus Contracting Model (BCM) order. Largely similar to the previous batch procured by SMRT Buses, these buses had some minor differences in appearance such as the omission of tree guards. The final 10 units of this batch were equipped with USB charging ports.[22] The first 15 buses were painted in SMRT's corporate livery, while the rest featured LTA's green livery. All of these buses were registered between April and August 2016 and are currently assigned to SMRT Buses, SBS Transit and Tower Transit.
_on_Service_7.jpg){kind=spacer}
Also in late 2015, a 12.8 m long custom built MAN ND323F with 3 doors and 2 staircases was built for the LTA, featuring an updated concept bodywork design.[23][24] Originally deployed to Tower Transit in 2017, it was transferred to SBS Transit in early 2018.
In September 2016, LTA ordered another 122 MAN ND323Fs which were put into service in 2017. These buses contain similar specifications with the previous batch but with an updated bodywork design, with the first 30 units being based on the concept and the rest with an updated design. These buses were assigned to SBS Transit, SMRT Buses, Tower Transit and Go-Ahead Singapore, with most units in SMRT Buses replacing retiring Mercedes-Benz O405G bendy buses.[25][26]
In late 2017, under a negotiated tender, the Land Transport Authority ordered 250 MAN buses, comprising 150 MAN NL323Fs and 100 MAN ND323Fs, equipped with Euro VI engines and minor differences to the bodywork in the previous batch. These buses were equipped with two wheelchair bays as compared to one in previous batches. An option was exercised in 2018 to procure an additional 150 MAN ND323Fs in this batch. These buses entered revenue service in May 2018 and are currently assigned to SBS Transit, SMRT Buses, Tower Transit and Go-Ahead Singapore for fleet additions and replacement of retiring buses.[27]
In July 2018, a tender was awarded by LTA to ST Kinetics for the procurement of 111 MAN ND323Fs, which were delivered with subtle differences as compared to the earlier batches. These buses entered service in March 2020, with the final bus delivered in October 2021. Similar to the previous batch, these buses are currently assigned to SBS Transit and SMRT Buses for fleet additions and replacement of retiring buses.[28]
Following the successful trial of the three door MAN ND323F, the Land Transport Authority procured 50 production batch 3-door ND323Fs along with 50 3-door Alexander Dennis Enviro500s. These buses entered service in January 2021[29] with Tower Transit Singapore, SBS Transit, SMRT Buses and Go Ahead Singapore.[30]
Hong Kong
In August 2014, Kwoon Chung Motors Company (KCM) ordered 9 ND323Fs replacing 8 Dennis Tridents and 1 MAN 24.310. Also, KCM's subsidiary company New Lantau Bus (NLB) purchased 10 ND323Fs. They were delivered to Hong Kong in June and August 2015 respectively. Moreover, in 2017, NLB purchased 16 ND363Fs with Gemilang Lion's city DD facelift body, they were delivered to Hong Kong since November 2017 and registered since February 2018. The order has been increased to add another 13 vehicles and registered since June 2018. In 2018, NLB purchased 5 ND363Fs with Gemilang's Lion's city DD facelift body which is equivalent to the previous order and equipped with a Euro 6 engine. They are being delivered to Hong Kong since February 2019.
In May 2015, an ND363F was delivered to Kowloon Motor Bus (KMB) of Hong Kong and was first used during August 2015. In October 2015, KMB placed an order for 20 ND323Fs with Gemilang Lion's City DD body. In 2017, KMB ordered one ND323F with Gemilang self-build body and equipped with Navaho LCD display.
New World First Bus also ordered a 12.8m long ND323F.[31]
New China Lane Travel, To Yo Travel and Goldspark Hong Kong Tours have also ordered ND323Fs in open top form.
Discovery Bay Transit Services (DBTSL) from Discovery Bay placed an order of four ND323F in 2016 and delivered in June 2017. They were registered in late June and mid-July 2017. In 2019, DBTSL ordered two ND323F equipped with Euro 6 engine and delivered in January and February 2020. Two new buses were registered and operated in July 2020.
HZMB bus operator has ordered 20 ND363Fs with 4.2m height variant and delivered in 2018. In 2019, HZMB bus operator has ordered 40 ND323Fs with 4.2m height variant and Euro 6 engine. These buses are delivered since April 2019.
Australia
In 2017, State Transit purchased 41 Gemilang Coachworks bodied MAN A95s for its Sydney B-Line service.[32][33] In 2019,Forest Coach Lines purchased 6 Gemilang Coachworks bodied MAN A95s.
United Arab Emirates
In 2019, RTA (Dubai) ordered 70 Gemilang bodied MAN A95s. This is the first order of the A95 in left-hand drive configuration.[34]
Articulated
| The examples and perspective in this section deal primarily with Singapore and do not represent a worldwide view of the subject. (October 2023) |
MAN NGxx3F (A24)
The MAN NGxx3F, with the chassis code A24, is a 3-axle 18-metre chassis. Which is a low-floor articulated city bus with similar diesel powertrain to MAN NL323F (A22) and MAN ND323F (A95). Where the engine and transmission units are mounted longitudinally on the rear left of the vehicle.
Operators
Asia-Pacific
| MAN NGxx3F / NGxx3F (A24) | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Overview | |
| Manufacturer | MAN |
| Assembly | Munich, Germany |
| Body and chassis | |
| Class | Bus chassis |
| Body style | Articulated bus |
| Doors | 3 doors |
| Floor type | Low floor |
| Powertrain | |
| Engine |
|
| Power output | 360 hp |
| Transmission | Voith DIWA |
| Dimensions | |
| Length | 17.98 m (bodied) |
| Width | 2.5m |
Singapore
In 2013, SMRT Buses received a MAN NG363F Demonstrator unit, SMB388S, for testing and evaluation from the local MAN's dealer, ST Kinetics. The chassis was built in Germany and assembled by Gemilang Coachworks in Malaysia. On 18 April 2013, the bus was deployed on Service 190 making its debut as the first articulated bus brought in by SMRT Buses and the first fully low floor and wheelchair accessible bendy bus in Singapore. This bus is currently operated by SMRT Buses, being the only bendy bus in Singapore to be registered with the SMRT Buses stripe livery.[35]
Following the evaluation of SMB388S, SMRT Buses announced in April 2014 they would be acquiring an additional 39 units to replace the retiring Mercedes-Benz O405G buses. The production batch of NG363F was delivered in 2015, built and bodied in Malaysia by Gemilang Coachworks, and debuted in May that year.[36]
As part of the Bus Contracting Model (BCM), some of the buses were transferred to SBS Transit and Tower Transit Singapore under the Seletar and Sembawang-Yishun Bus Packages respectively.
As of SMRT's last purchase of the MAN NG363F, the Land Transport Authority of Singapore has no new or upcoming plans to acquire any articulated buses because articulated buses occupy more space as compared to Double Decker buses which are able to carry more passengers with less space occupied.
Gallery
-
NG 313 CNG (A23) on line 69 in Stockholm -
NL 263 (A21) in Oslo -
NG 313 (A23) in Mülheim an der Ruhr -
ORN Lion's City G at Mainz Central Station -
Lion's City DD in Berlin -
MAN Lion's City EfficientHybrid at Baden-Baden station -
Lion's City 18c CNG EfficientHybrid in Uppsala -
MAN Lion's City 12G Bus on line 1 in Yerevan
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See also
References
- ^ "Linienbusse" (in German). MAN Nutzfahrzeuge. Archived from the original on 13 April 1997.
- ^ "MAN: Fuel Cell City Bus (2000)". netinform – Wasserstoff und Brennstoffzellen. Archived from the original on 19 July 2011.
- ^ "MAN: low floor bus with FC and LH2 (2001)". netinform – Wasserstoff und Brennstoffzellen. Archived from the original on 7 July 2010.
- ^ "Premiere in Helsinki: MAN Lion's City Hybrid-Stadtbus der neuesten Generation" (PDF) (in German). Neoman Bus Gruppe. 22 May 2007. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 December 2008.
- ^ "Hybrid drive". MAN Truck & Bus. Archived from the original on 25 August 2011.
- ^ a b c d e AG, MAN Truck & Bus. "MAN Lion's City model series | MAN Bus Germany". www.bus.man.eu. Retrieved 15 December 2018.
- ^ a b c d e f g "MAN Bus Program" (PDF). MAN Nutzfahrzeuge. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 December 2005.
- ^ "IAA 2002 – MAN Bus-Highlights" (PDF) (in German). MAN Nutzfahrzeuge. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 February 2004.
- ^ "MAN A84 – 18.280 HOCL-NL Lion's City LE" (PDF). MAN Truck & Bus (S.A.) (Pty) Ltd.
- ^ "Olifantsfontein". MAN Truck & Bus (S.A.) (Pty) Ltd. Retrieved 8 October 2016.
- ^ a b "MAN bus chassis – Programme 2008/2009" (PDF). MAN Nutzfahrzeuge. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 September 2009.
- ^ MAN Bus chassis MAN Truck & Bus
- ^ "Dynetek AGM 2008" (PDF). Dynetek. 23 June 2009. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 April 2012.
- ^ "Transporte Urbano de Santiago (Tussa), Santiago de Compostela". stadtbus.de Bus Magazine. 12 February 2011.
- ^ "Transvía adquiere un Area y dos Inteas de Tata Hispano sobre bastidores de MAN y VDL". Nexotur. 7 October 2011.
- ^ "Wrightbus to body MAN A22 for new Meridian". Busandcoach.com. 6 April 2006. Archived from the original on 5 April 2012.
- ^ "MAN Lion's City SD – 3-door Concept Bus | Land Transport Guru". 19 June 2017. Retrieved 19 August 2023.
- ^ "MAN A22 Retrofitted Electric Bus | Land Transport Guru". 5 October 2021. Retrieved 18 August 2023.
- ^ PMPermalink, Richard14 November 2022 at 2:53 (12 May 2020). "Public Buses converted into COVID-19 Bus Transporters (COMET MAXI) | Land Transport Guru". Retrieved 18 August 2023.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ "Former SMRT MAN A22 buses purchased by Private Bus Operators | Land Transport Guru". 3 June 2021. Retrieved 18 August 2023.
- ^ "MAN steps on the gas in South Korea". MAN Truck & Bus. 29 June 2017.
- ^ "Joint News Release by the Land Transport Authority (LTA) & SMRT – Buses with USB Charging Ports to hit the road on 1 September". Land Transport Authority. 31 August 2016. Retrieved 20 August 2019.
- ^ "MAN Lion's City DD L Mock-up Bus". Land Transport Guru. 12 March 2016. Retrieved 8 October 2016.
- ^ Singapore authority assesses three-door double-decks Archived 10 October 2016 at the Wayback Machine Bus & Coach Professional 6 May 2016
- ^ "MAN A95 (ND323F)". Land Transport Guru. 24 September 2014. Retrieved 16 September 2016.
- ^ "The lion is roaring in Singapore". MAN SE. 8 September 2016. Retrieved 16 September 2016.
- ^ "MAN A95 (Euro 6) – First Production Batch". Land Transport Guru. 23 May 2018. Retrieved 20 August 2019.
- ^ "LTA Awards Contract for 111 Double Deck Buses to ST Engineering Land Systems Ltd". Land Transport Authority. 11 July 2018. Retrieved 20 August 2019.
- ^ "LTA Awards Contract for 100 Three-Door Buses to Two Tenderers". Land Transport Authority. 25 April 2019. Retrieved 20 August 2019.
- ^ PMPermalink, Useyourbrain18 March 2022 at 1:36 (6 February 2021). "MAN A95 (Euro 6) – 3-Door Batch | Land Transport Guru". Retrieved 18 August 2023.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ Hong Kong Buses Yearbook 2016, Northcord International Limited, ISBN 9789629200473, pages 30 to 41.
- ^ MAN double-deckers for Sydney Northern Beaches Australasian Bus & Coach 15 September 2016
- ^ Sydney Metro MAN A95 buses delivered Australasian Bus & Coach 30 November 2017
- ^ "Dubai ordered 70 MAN A95 in LHD configuration as part of their fleet renewal programme". Facebook. 31 August 2019.
- ^ "SMB388S: MAN NG363F Demonstrator | Land Transport Guru". 20 June 2017. Retrieved 19 August 2023.
- ^ "MAN A24 (NG363F) | Land Transport Guru". 31 December 2017. Retrieved 19 August 2023.
External links
Media related to MAN Lion's City at Wikimedia Commons