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'''Handmade Burnished Ware''' (also called '''Barbarian Ware'''{{sfn|Rautman|1998|p=95}}) is a style of pottery produced during the [[late Bronze Age]] in the eastern Mediterranean. Distinct from the styles of pottery surrounding it due to its coarse construction without the [[potter's wheel]] and uneven [[Pottery firing|firing]], a substantial number of hypotheses have been presented to explain its presence.{{sfnm|Boileau et al.|2010|1p=1678|Rautman|1998|2pp=81, 95}} |
'''Handmade Burnished Ware''' (also called '''Barbarian Ware'''{{sfn|Rautman|1998|p=95}}) is a style of pottery produced during the [[late Bronze Age]] in the eastern Mediterranean. Distinct from the styles of pottery surrounding it due to its coarse construction without the [[potter's wheel]] and uneven [[Pottery firing|firing]], a substantial number of hypotheses have been presented to explain its presence.{{sfnm|Boileau et al.|2010|1p=1678|Rautman|1998|2pp=81, 95}} |
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== Description == |
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The ware is found in [[Late Helladic]] IIIB and IIIC levels, in the middle of the [[13th century BC]], preceding the destruction of the [[Mycenaean Greece|Mycenaean citadels]]. Finds have placed the style of pottery across eastern Mediterranean sites including at [[Tiryns]] and at sites in [[Prehistory of Anatolia|Anatolia]], [[Ancient history of Cyprus|Cyprus]], and [[Ancient Syria|Syria]].{{sfnm|Boileau et al.|2010|1p=1678, noting appearance further east a few decades later|Rautman|1998|2p=95}} Diffusionist hypotheses posit that the pottery was introduced by migrating peoples in the late 13th and 12th centuries BC.{{sfn|Rautman|1998|pp=95–96}} Initial diffusionist hypotheses associated its appearance with putative [[Dorian invasion|Dorian invaders]] but this is now rejected because the ware predates destruction layers associated with the [[Bronze Age collapse]];{{sfn|Pilides|1991|pp=18}} later views still associate the ware with groups of foreigners – the "[[Sea Peoples]]" – travelling in the eastern Mediterranean.{{sfn|Boileau et al.|2010|loc=Conclusion}} Another view instead associates the ware with a small minority population present within Mycenean communities.<ref>{{cite thesis |last=Romanos |first=Chloe Lea |year=2011 |title=Handmade Burnished Ware in Late Bronze Age Greece and its makers |publisher=University of Birmingham |degree=PhD |url=https://etheses.bham.ac.uk/id/eprint/2963/ }}</ref> Non-diffusionist views instead place its emergence as a local substitute for higher quality wares unavailable amid disruptions in the Mycenaean economy.{{sfnm|Rautman|1998|1p=96|Pilides|1991|2p=18}} |
The ware is found in [[Late Helladic]] IIIB and IIIC levels, in the middle of the [[13th century BC]], preceding the destruction of the [[Mycenaean Greece|Mycenaean citadels]]. Finds have placed the style of pottery across eastern Mediterranean sites including at [[Tiryns]] and at sites in [[Prehistory of Anatolia|Anatolia]], [[Ancient history of Cyprus|Cyprus]], and [[Ancient Syria|Syria]].{{sfnm|Boileau et al.|2010|1p=1678, noting appearance further east a few decades later|Rautman|1998|2p=95}} Diffusionist hypotheses posit that the pottery was introduced by migrating peoples in the late 13th and 12th centuries BC.{{sfn|Rautman|1998|pp=95–96}} Initial diffusionist hypotheses associated its appearance with putative [[Dorian invasion|Dorian invaders]] but this is now rejected because the ware predates destruction layers associated with the [[Bronze Age collapse]];{{sfn|Pilides|1991|pp=18}} later views still associate the ware with groups of foreigners – the "[[Sea Peoples]]" – travelling in the eastern Mediterranean.{{sfn|Boileau et al.|2010|loc=Conclusion}} Another view instead associates the ware with a small minority population present within Mycenean communities.<ref>{{cite thesis |last=Romanos |first=Chloe Lea |year=2011 |title=Handmade Burnished Ware in Late Bronze Age Greece and its makers |publisher=University of Birmingham |degree=PhD |url=https://etheses.bham.ac.uk/id/eprint/2963/ }}</ref> Non-diffusionist views instead place its emergence as a local substitute for higher quality wares unavailable amid disruptions in the Mycenaean economy.{{sfnm|Rautman|1998|1p=96|Pilides|1991|2p=18}} |
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Revision as of 05:55, 24 October 2024
Handmade Burnished Ware (also called Barbarian Ware[1]) is a style of pottery produced during the late Bronze Age in the eastern Mediterranean. Distinct from the styles of pottery surrounding it due to its coarse construction without the potter's wheel and uneven firing, a substantial number of hypotheses have been presented to explain its presence.[2]
Description
The ware is found in Late Helladic IIIB and IIIC levels, in the middle of the 13th century BC, preceding the destruction of the Mycenaean citadels. Finds have placed the style of pottery across eastern Mediterranean sites including at Tiryns and at sites in Anatolia, Cyprus, and Syria.[3] Diffusionist hypotheses posit that the pottery was introduced by migrating peoples in the late 13th and 12th centuries BC.[4] Initial diffusionist hypotheses associated its appearance with putative Dorian invaders but this is now rejected because the ware predates destruction layers associated with the Bronze Age collapse;[5] later views still associate the ware with groups of foreigners – the "Sea Peoples" – travelling in the eastern Mediterranean.[6] Another view instead associates the ware with a small minority population present within Mycenean communities.[7] Non-diffusionist views instead place its emergence as a local substitute for higher quality wares unavailable amid disruptions in the Mycenaean economy.[8]
See also
References
- ^ Rautman 1998, p. 95.
- ^ Boileau et al. 2010, p. 1678; Rautman 1998, pp. 81, 95.
- ^ Boileau et al. 2010, p. 1678, noting appearance further east a few decades later; Rautman 1998, p. 95.
- ^ Rautman 1998, pp. 95–96.
- ^ Pilides 1991, pp. 18.
- ^ Boileau et al. 2010, Conclusion.
- ^ Romanos, Chloe Lea (2011). Handmade Burnished Ware in Late Bronze Age Greece and its makers (PhD thesis). University of Birmingham.
- ^ Rautman 1998, p. 96; Pilides 1991, p. 18.
Bibliography
- Boileau, Marie-Claude; et al. "Foreign ceramic tradition, local clays: the Handmade Burnished Ware of Tell Kazel (Syria)". Journal of Archaeological Science. 37 (7): 1678–1689. doi:10.1016/j.jas.2010.01.028. ISSN 0305-4403.
- De Angelis, Sara; D'Agata, Anna Lucia; Boileau, Marie-Claude (2012). "Handmade Burnished Ware from the island of Crete: a view from the inside". Istituto italiano di preistoria e protostoria: 295–330.
- Pilides, Despina (1991). Handmade Burnished Wares of the Late Bronze Age in Cyprus (PDF) (PhD). Vol. 1. University of London.
- Rautman, M (1998). "Handmade pottery and social change: the view from late Roman Cyprus". Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology. 11: 81–104.
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