Anne Burras: Difference between revisions
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Putting much more information to the page of Anne Burras and the colony of Jamestown back then. Tags: Reverted Mobile edit Mobile web edit Disambiguation links added |
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{{Short description|Among the first female English colonists in the New World}} |
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| name = Anne Burras Laydon |
| name = Anne Burras Laydon |
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| children = [[Virginia Laydon]], Alice, Katherine, and Margaret |
| children = [[Virginia Laydon]], Alice, Katherine, and Margaret |
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'''Anne Burras''' (later, '''Anne Laydon''') was |
'''Anne Burras''' (later, '''Anne Laydon''') was among the first female English colonists in the [[New World]] when she arrived in Jamestown in 1608. Anne Burras was also known to be a [[ancient planter]], [[Siege of Jamestown]] and [[Starving Time]] survivor, [[physical torture]] survivor, and a survivor of the [[Jamestown Massacre]]. She was the first English woman to marry in the New World, and her daughter [[Virginia Laydon]] was the first child of English colonists to be born in the [[Jamestown, Virginia]], colony.<ref name=Dorman>Dorman, John Frederick, ''Adventurers of Purse and Person'', 4th ed., v.2, p. 431.</ref> Anne Burras arrived in [[Jamestown, Virginia|Jamestown]] on October 1, 1608,<ref>{{Citation |title=Jamestown supply missions |date=2024-08-19 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamestown_supply_missions#:~:text=from%20the%20document.-,Voyage,journey%20of%20approximately%20three%20months. |access-date=2024-08-20 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=1600 to 1609 {{!}} Virginia Records Timeline: 1553 to 1743 {{!}} Articles and Essays {{!}} Thomas Jefferson Papers, 1606-1827 {{!}} Digital Collections {{!}} Library of Congress |url=https://www.loc.gov/collections/thomas-jefferson-papers/articles-and-essays/virginia-records-timeline-1553-to-1743/1600-to-1609/#:~:text=October%201608,,%20her%20maid,%20Anne%20Buras. |access-date=2024-08-20 |website=Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. 20540 USA}}</ref> on the ''Mary and Margaret'', the ship bringing the [[Second Supply]]. She came as a 14-year-old maid ([[lady-in-waiting]]) to [[Mistress Forrest]].<ref>Smith, John, ''The Generall Historie of Virginia, New England & The Summer Isles ...'', cited Virginia, Alice, Katherine, and Margaret.</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://files.usgwarchives.net/va/jamestown/census/1623cens.txt|title=The living and dead in Virginia. Feb. 16, 1623|website=usgwarchives.net|page=168|access-date=14 August 2023}}</ref> |
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In December 1608, Anne married carpenter John Laydon (or Layton, Leyden), aged 28 years ({{born in|1580}}).<ref name="auto"/><ref>Bernhard, Virginia. “‘Men, Women and Children’ at Jamestown: Population and Gender in Early Virginia, 1607-1610.” The Journal of Southern History, vol. 58, no. 4, 1992, pp. 599–618. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.2307/2210786. Accessed 2 Oct. 2024.</ref> John Laydon had arrived with the original colonists to Virginia in 1607. |
In December 1608, Anne married carpenter John Laydon (or Layton, Leyden), aged 28 years ({{born in|1580}}).<ref name="auto"/><ref>Bernhard, Virginia. “‘Men, Women and Children’ at Jamestown: Population and Gender in Early Virginia, 1607-1610.” The Journal of Southern History, vol. 58, no. 4, 1992, pp. 599–618. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.2307/2210786. Accessed 2 Oct. 2024.</ref> John Laydon had arrived with the original colonists to Virginia in 1607. |
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After [[John Smith]] left Jamestown, due to a severe injury, in Octobsr 1609, when the new governor of Jamestown was appointed, severe tensions already began to rise between the [[Powhatan]] and the Jamestown colonists. Jamestown was soon after besieged by the Powhatan, and the colonists (who were before (nearly) always dependent on potable [[food]] and [[water]] to the Powhatan kingdom), fell into a state of severe [[hunger]], [[thirst]], and [[hypothermia]]. |
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Out of a population of 500 residents, Anne Burras was among the solely 61 residents from Jamestown to survive the [[siege of Jamestown]] and the [[Starving Time]] period, and she came very close to facing near [[death]] from the severe hunger, thirst, and hypothermia. They all had little choice but to consume [[worms]] and [[human]] [[carcasses]] (of the Siege of Jamestown victims), just for [[survival] and some [[nutrition]]. |
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By 1610, Anne had extremely little other choice, but to be coerced to work as a assigned [[seamstress]] for Jamestown.<ref name="auto1"/> |
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| ⚫ | During the extremely cold-hearted, arrogant, barbaric, and strictly punitive regime enacted by [[Dale's Code]], Anne Burras and another (female) seamstress, Jane Wright, were unfortunately whipped extremely brutally over the false accusations of "stealing from the company", because they took more thread (to make ten shirts, as they were told), but they was given thread for only eight of the shirts. This form of [[physical torture]], over false and extremely unreasonable accusations, caused poor Anne Burras to be [[Miscarriage|spontaneously aborted]].<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Zez2EsipTskC&dq=dale&pg=PA151|page=151|year=2011|isbn=9780826272577|title=A Tale of Two Colonies: What Really Happened in Virginia and Bermuda?|last1=Bernhard|first1=Virginia|publisher=University of Missouri Press }}</ref> |
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The extremely cold-hearted, arrogant, and extremely strictly punitive regime, which tortured people over little offense, also caused a captured [[thief]] (who stole [[oatmeal]]) to be chained up to a large [[perennial]] for several days, until he succumbed to a severe lack of food [[consumption]], and multiple women to be ducked onto a hideous chair, and have their heads ducked underwater for up to 30 seconds all at once, for the extremely sole, unforgivable, dumb, and unreasonable accusations of "[[fornication]]", "fighting", "arguing", and/or "talking back (when they were not supposed to)". |
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Back then in [[Jamestown]] (during this time), women were unfortunately considered as [[property]] ("suitable only for [[silence]], [[submission]], [[obedience]], [[respect]], [[torture]], and [[forced labor]]") and therefore they should be mostly [[silent]], life was extremely harsh and unfair, forms of physical torture was executed against someone over light-hearted (and/or even false) accusations, severe [[hunger]] was common, and the (nearly) constantly suffering colonists (barely surviving in Jamestown) obviously must have very dearly missed the [[water]], [[food]], [[happiness]] and [[life]] that they had once enjoyed and left behind in the [[Kingdom of England]]. |
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| ⚫ | Anne and her husband John Laydon had four children (all of whom were daughters), [[Virginia Laydon|Virginia]], Alice, Katherine, and Margaret. All six members of the Laydon family were listed in the muster of February 1624/5. According to the muster, Anne was 30 years of age when the muster was taken. All four children are listed as born in Virginia; their ages are not given.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.virtualjamestown.org/Muster/introduction.html|title=Jamestown 1624/5 Muster|website=www.virtualjamestown.org|accessdate=25 March 2018}}</ref> |
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John Laydon was shown as having 200 acres in Henrico in May, 1625.<ref name=Dorman/> However, the 1624/5 muster shows the family living in [[Elizabeth City (Virginia Company)|Elizabeth City]]. A patent to "John Leyden, Ancient Planter", dated December 2, 1628, refers to 100 acres on the [[Hidenwood|east side of Blunt Point Creek]], "land now in tenure of Anthony Burrowes and William Harris, and said land being in lieu of 100 acres in the Island of Henrico".<ref>Virginia Land Patents Book 1, pp. 69-70.</ref> |
John Laydon was shown as having 200 acres in Henrico in May, 1625.<ref name=Dorman/> However, the 1624/5 muster shows the family living in [[Elizabeth City (Virginia Company)|Elizabeth City]]. A patent to "John Leyden, Ancient Planter", dated December 2, 1628, refers to 100 acres on the [[Hidenwood|east side of Blunt Point Creek]], "land now in tenure of Anthony Burrowes and William Harris, and said land being in lieu of 100 acres in the Island of Henrico".<ref>Virginia Land Patents Book 1, pp. 69-70.</ref> |
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Revision as of 21:06, 24 October 2024
Anne Burras Laydon | |
|---|---|
 Statue of Anne Burras included in the Virginia Women's Monument | |
| Born | Anne Burras c. 1595[1] |
| Died | after 1625 |
| Other names | Ann Burras, Anne Leyden, Layton,[1] Anna Burrowes[2] |
| Occupation(s) | Maid (lady-in-waiting) to Mistress Forrest later seamstress[3] |
| Known for | First girl in Jamestown, Virginia colony First English marriage in Virginia |
| Spouse | John Laydon (1608) |
| Children | Virginia Laydon, Alice, Katherine, and Margaret |
Anne Burras (later, Anne Laydon) was among the first female English colonists in the New World when she arrived in Jamestown in 1608. Anne Burras was also known to be a ancient planter, Siege of Jamestown and Starving Time survivor, physical torture survivor, and a survivor of the Jamestown Massacre. She was the first English woman to marry in the New World, and her daughter Virginia Laydon was the first child of English colonists to be born in the Jamestown, Virginia, colony.[4] Anne Burras arrived in Jamestown on October 1, 1608,[5][6] on the Mary and Margaret, the ship bringing the Second Supply. She came as a 14-year-old maid (lady-in-waiting) to Mistress Forrest.[7][8]
In December 1608, Anne married carpenter John Laydon (or Layton, Leyden), aged 28 years (b. 1580).[1][9] John Laydon had arrived with the original colonists to Virginia in 1607. After John Smith left Jamestown, due to a severe injury, in Octobsr 1609, when the new governor of Jamestown was appointed, severe tensions already began to rise between the Powhatan and the Jamestown colonists. Jamestown was soon after besieged by the Powhatan, and the colonists (who were before (nearly) always dependent on potable food and water to the Powhatan kingdom), fell into a state of severe hunger, thirst, and hypothermia.
Out of a population of 500 residents, Anne Burras was among the solely 61 residents from Jamestown to survive the siege of Jamestown and the Starving Time period, and she came very close to facing near death from the severe hunger, thirst, and hypothermia. They all had little choice but to consume worms and human carcasses (of the Siege of Jamestown victims), just for [[survival] and some nutrition.
By 1610, Anne had extremely little other choice, but to be coerced to work as a assigned seamstress for Jamestown.[3]
During the extremely cold-hearted, arrogant, barbaric, and strictly punitive regime enacted by Dale's Code, Anne Burras and another (female) seamstress, Jane Wright, were unfortunately whipped extremely brutally over the false accusations of "stealing from the company", because they took more thread (to make ten shirts, as they were told), but they was given thread for only eight of the shirts. This form of physical torture, over false and extremely unreasonable accusations, caused poor Anne Burras to be spontaneously aborted.[10]
The extremely cold-hearted, arrogant, and extremely strictly punitive regime, which tortured people over little offense, also caused a captured thief (who stole oatmeal) to be chained up to a large perennial for several days, until he succumbed to a severe lack of food consumption, and multiple women to be ducked onto a hideous chair, and have their heads ducked underwater for up to 30 seconds all at once, for the extremely sole, unforgivable, dumb, and unreasonable accusations of "fornication", "fighting", "arguing", and/or "talking back (when they were not supposed to)".
Back then in Jamestown (during this time), women were unfortunately considered as property ("suitable only for silence, submission, obedience, respect, torture, and forced labor") and therefore they should be mostly silent, life was extremely harsh and unfair, forms of physical torture was executed against someone over light-hearted (and/or even false) accusations, severe hunger was common, and the (nearly) constantly suffering colonists (barely surviving in Jamestown) obviously must have very dearly missed the water, food, happiness and life that they had once enjoyed and left behind in the Kingdom of England.
Anne and her husband John Laydon had four children (all of whom were daughters), Virginia, Alice, Katherine, and Margaret. All six members of the Laydon family were listed in the muster of February 1624/5. According to the muster, Anne was 30 years of age when the muster was taken. All four children are listed as born in Virginia; their ages are not given.[11]
John Laydon was shown as having 200 acres in Henrico in May, 1625.[4] However, the 1624/5 muster shows the family living in Elizabeth City. A patent to "John Leyden, Ancient Planter", dated December 2, 1628, refers to 100 acres on the east side of Blunt Point Creek, "land now in tenure of Anthony Burrowes and William Harris, and said land being in lieu of 100 acres in the Island of Henrico".[12]
No proof has been found of the marriage of any of the four daughters, though it has been suggested, on the basis of land records, that one daughter may have married John Hewitt or Howitt.[4]
References
- ^ a b c McCartney, Martha W.. Documentary History of Jamestown Island: Biographies of owners and residents. United States, Colonial Williamsburg Foundation, 2000.
- ^ The Complete Works of Captain John Smith, 1580-1631: Volume I. United States, Omohundro Institute and UNC Press, 2011.
- ^ a b "Virginia Womens Monument Commission". womensmonumentcom.virginia.gov. Retrieved Oct 2, 2024.
- ^ a b c Dorman, John Frederick, Adventurers of Purse and Person, 4th ed., v.2, p. 431.
- ^ "Jamestown supply missions", Wikipedia, 2024-08-19, retrieved 2024-08-20
- ^ "1600 to 1609 | Virginia Records Timeline: 1553 to 1743 | Articles and Essays | Thomas Jefferson Papers, 1606-1827 | Digital Collections | Library of Congress". Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. 20540 USA. Retrieved 2024-08-20.
- ^ Smith, John, The Generall Historie of Virginia, New England & The Summer Isles ..., cited Virginia, Alice, Katherine, and Margaret.
- ^ "The living and dead in Virginia. Feb. 16, 1623". usgwarchives.net. p. 168. Retrieved 14 August 2023.
- ^ Bernhard, Virginia. “‘Men, Women and Children’ at Jamestown: Population and Gender in Early Virginia, 1607-1610.” The Journal of Southern History, vol. 58, no. 4, 1992, pp. 599–618. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.2307/2210786. Accessed 2 Oct. 2024.
- ^ Bernhard, Virginia (2011). A Tale of Two Colonies: What Really Happened in Virginia and Bermuda?. University of Missouri Press. p. 151. ISBN 9780826272577.
- ^ "Jamestown 1624/5 Muster". www.virtualjamestown.org. Retrieved 25 March 2018.
- ^ Virginia Land Patents Book 1, pp. 69-70.
Further reading
- John Smith, The Generall Historie of Virginia, New-England, and the Summer Isles (Glasgow, Scotland: James MacLehose and Sons, 1907), Vol. 1: 203–05
- Kelso, William M. Jamestown, the Buried Truth Copyright 2006
- John Smith, A True Relation of Occurrences and Accidents in Virginia, 1608. Personal Narratives from the Virtual Jamestown Project, 1575-1705
External links
Media related to Anne Burras at Wikimedia Commons
