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The '''Political Security Directorate''' ('''PSD''', {{lang-ar|إدارة الأمن السياسي|translit=Idarat al-Amn al-Siyasi}}) is an [[intelligence service]] of the [[Syrian government]]. It is divided into an Internal Security Department and an External Security Department.<ref name="herzliyaconference1">{{cite web|url=http://www.herzliyaconference.org/_Uploads/2590Bashars.pdf|title=Herzliya Conference Bashar's Syria|accessdate=8 March 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110723214138/http://www.herzliyaconference.org/_Uploads/2590Bashars.pdf|archive-date=23 July 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> Intelligence division is affiliated to the [[Ministry of Interior (Syria)|Ministry of Interior]]. Its activities involve the surveillance of the satellite parties of [[National Progressive Front (Syria)|National Progressive Front]] and is active against the [[Syrian opposition]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espionageinfo.com/Sp-Te/Syria-Intelligence-and-Security.html|title=Syria, Intelligence and Security|publisher=Espionageinfo|accessdate=8 March 2013|archive-date=13 October 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081013023339/http://www.espionageinfo.com/Sp-Te/Syria-Intelligence-and-Security.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=30 July 2012 |title=Bashar al-Assad's inner circle |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-13216195 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220327062345/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-13216195 |archive-date=27 March 2022}}</ref> It monitors literature, print publications, political dissent, and all media outlets.<ref name="herzliyaconference1"/><ref name=ToddBloch2003>{{cite book|author1=Paul Todd|author2=Jonathan Bloch|title=Global Intelligence: The World's Secret Services Today|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_95QPEm3RcEC&pg=PA167|accessdate=8 March 2013|date=8 November 2003|publisher=Zed Books|isbn=978-1-84277-113-6|pages=167}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=30 July 2012 |title=Bashar al-Assad's inner circle |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-13216195 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220327062345/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-13216195 |archive-date=27 March 2022}}</ref> This intelligence service has been headed by Major General Ghaith Shafeeq Deeb since February 5, 2021.<ref>{{cite news|url = https://syria-today.org/2021/12/02/%d8%aa%d8%ab%d8%a8%d9%8a%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%84%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%a1-%d8%ba%d9%8a%d8%ab-%d8%b4%d9%81%d9%8a%d9%82-%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%b6-%d8%af%d9%8a%d8%a8-%d8%b1%d8%a6%d9%8a%d8%b3%d8%a7%d9%8b-%d9%84/
The '''Political Security Directorate''' ('''PSD''', {{langx|ar|إدارة الأمن السياسي|translit=Idarat al-Amn al-Siyasi}}) is an [[intelligence service]] of the [[Syrian government]]. It is divided into an Internal Security Department and an External Security Department.<ref name="herzliyaconference1">{{cite web|url=http://www.herzliyaconference.org/_Uploads/2590Bashars.pdf|title=Herzliya Conference Bashar's Syria|accessdate=8 March 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110723214138/http://www.herzliyaconference.org/_Uploads/2590Bashars.pdf|archive-date=23 July 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> Intelligence division is affiliated to the [[Ministry of Interior (Syria)|Ministry of Interior]]. Its activities involve the surveillance of the satellite parties of [[National Progressive Front (Syria)|National Progressive Front]] and is active against the [[Syrian opposition]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espionageinfo.com/Sp-Te/Syria-Intelligence-and-Security.html|title=Syria, Intelligence and Security|publisher=Espionageinfo|accessdate=8 March 2013|archive-date=13 October 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081013023339/http://www.espionageinfo.com/Sp-Te/Syria-Intelligence-and-Security.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=30 July 2012 |title=Bashar al-Assad's inner circle |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-13216195 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220327062345/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-13216195 |archive-date=27 March 2022}}</ref> It monitors literature, print publications, political dissent, and all media outlets.<ref name="herzliyaconference1"/><ref name=ToddBloch2003>{{cite book|author1=Paul Todd|author2=Jonathan Bloch|title=Global Intelligence: The World's Secret Services Today|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_95QPEm3RcEC&pg=PA167|accessdate=8 March 2013|date=8 November 2003|publisher=Zed Books|isbn=978-1-84277-113-6|pages=167}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=30 July 2012 |title=Bashar al-Assad's inner circle |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-13216195 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220327062345/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-13216195 |archive-date=27 March 2022}}</ref> This intelligence service has been headed by Major General Ghaith Shafeeq Deeb since February 5, 2021.<ref>{{cite news|url = https://syria-today.org/2021/12/02/%d8%aa%d8%ab%d8%a8%d9%8a%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%84%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%a1-%d8%ba%d9%8a%d8%ab-%d8%b4%d9%81%d9%8a%d9%82-%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%b6-%d8%af%d9%8a%d8%a8-%d8%b1%d8%a6%d9%8a%d8%b3%d8%a7%d9%8b-%d9%84/
|title=Installing Major General Ghaith Shafiq Fayyad Deeb as Head of Political Security
|title=Installing Major General Ghaith Shafiq Fayyad Deeb as Head of Political Security
|archive-date = 2021-12-02
|archive-date = 2021-12-02

Revision as of 02:48, 31 October 2024

Political Security Directorate
إدارة الأمن السياسي
Idarat al-Amn al-Siyasi
Agency overview
Formed1971; 53 years ago (1971)
JurisdictionGovernment of Syria
HeadquartersGrand Serail, Kafr Sousa, Damascus, Syria
Agency executive
  • Maj. Gen. Ghaith Shafeeq Deeb, Director
Parent agencyMinistry of Interior

The Political Security Directorate (PSD, Arabic: إدارة الأمن السياسي, romanized: Idarat al-Amn al-Siyasi) is an intelligence service of the Syrian government. It is divided into an Internal Security Department and an External Security Department.[1] Intelligence division is affiliated to the Ministry of Interior. Its activities involve the surveillance of the satellite parties of National Progressive Front and is active against the Syrian opposition.[2][3] It monitors literature, print publications, political dissent, and all media outlets.[1][4][5] This intelligence service has been headed by Major General Ghaith Shafeeq Deeb since February 5, 2021.[6]

Organization

The Political Intelligence Directorate is supervised by the Ministry of Interior.[7] The PSD is also controlled by President Bashar al-Assad through the National Security Bureau of the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party Central Command.[8] It is divided into two departments:[9]

  • Internal Security Department (ISD)
  • External Security Department (ESD)
    • Arab Affairs Branch
    • Refugee Affairs Branch
    • Zionist and Jewish Affairs Branch

Directors

  • Head of Investigative branch: Brig. Gen. Makhmoud al-Khattib (2011).[16]
  • Head of Operations branch: Brig. Gen. Mohamed Heikmat Ibrahim (2011).[16]

Regional Directors

  • Rif Dimashq branch: Brig. Gen. Sameer al-Sheikh (1993–2005)[19]
  • Daraa branch: Brig. Gen. Atef Najib (2011), the European Union sanctioned him for "being responsible for the violence against protesters in Daraa during the Syrian uprising".[20] He was replaced by Brig. Gen. Nasser Al-Ali.[16]

Other Syrian intelligence agencies

References

  1. ^ a b "Herzliya Conference Bashar's Syria" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 July 2011. Retrieved 8 March 2013.
  2. ^ "Syria, Intelligence and Security". Espionageinfo. Archived from the original on 13 October 2008. Retrieved 8 March 2013.
  3. ^ "Bashar al-Assad's inner circle". BBC News. 30 July 2012. Archived from the original on 27 March 2022.
  4. ^ Paul Todd; Jonathan Bloch (8 November 2003). Global Intelligence: The World's Secret Services Today. Zed Books. p. 167. ISBN 978-1-84277-113-6. Retrieved 8 March 2013.
  5. ^ "Bashar al-Assad's inner circle". BBC News. 30 July 2012. Archived from the original on 27 March 2022.
  6. ^ "Installing Major General Ghaith Shafiq Fayyad Deeb as Head of Political Security". Syria Today (in Arabic). 1 May 2022. Archived from the original on 2 December 2021.
  7. ^ John Pike. "Syria Intelligence and Security Agencies". Globalsecurity.org. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
  8. ^ Robert G. Rabil Syria, the United States, and the war on terror in the Middle East Archived 18 May 2016 at the Wayback Machine, Greenwood Publishing Group, 2006, ISBN 0-275-99015-X p.214
  9. ^ a b Rathmell, Andrew (1996). "Syria's Intelligence Services: Origins and Development". The Journal of Conflict Studies. 16 (2). Retrieved 8 March 2013.
  10. ^ Worldwide, Keesings (2002). The Annual Register: A Record of World Events 2002 - Keesings Worldwide. ISBN 9781886994461. Retrieved 8 March 2013.
  11. ^ "A rather convenient suicide". The Economist. 12 October 2005. Retrieved 8 March 2013.
  12. ^ "Bahjat Suleiman Moved along with Other Security Chiefs". Syria Comment. 19 June 2005. Retrieved 8 March 2013.
  13. ^ "Political security department". Cablegatesearch. Archived from the original on 2 October 2013. Retrieved 8 March 2013.
  14. ^ Ahed Al Hendi (3 May 2011). "The Structure of Syria's Repression". Foreign Affairs. Retrieved 8 March 2013.
  15. ^ "Bashar al-Assad's inner circle". BBC. 30 July 2012. Retrieved 8 March 2013.
  16. ^ a b c "By all means necessary" (PDF). Human Rights Watch. Retrieved 8 March 2013.
  17. ^ a b Jihad Yazigi (24 September 2019). "Who's Who: Major General Husam Muhammad Louka". The Syrian Observer. Retrieved 8 March 2023.
  18. ^ "Syria Regime Appoints Ghaith Shafiq Fayyad Head of Political Security". The Syrian Observer. 2 December 2021. Retrieved 19 January 2024.
  19. ^ Brigadier Sameer al-Sheikh from Idlib was serving in political security branch in Damascus countryside governorate circa 1993-2005
  20. ^ "Joint Proposal for a COUNCIL REGULATION concerning restrictive measures in view of the situation in Syria and repealing Regulation (EU) No 442/2011". EuroLex. 52011PC0887. 2011. Retrieved 10 March 2012.
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