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{{short description|African kingdom}} |
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{{refimprove|date=October 2023}} |
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{{use dmy dates|date=July 2024}} |
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{{Infobox ethnic group |
{{Infobox ethnic group |
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| group = |
| group = |
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| native_name = |
| native_name = |
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| native_name_lang = Royaume du Sanwi |
| native_name_lang = Royaume du Sanwi |
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| flag = |
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| image = Royaumes_ci.jpg |
| image = Royaumes_ci.jpg |
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| image_caption = Pre-European kingdoms |
| image_caption = Pre-European kingdoms |
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| total = 20 |
| total = 20,000 |
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| total_year = <!-- year of total population --> |
| total_year = <!-- year of total population --> |
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| total_source = estimate |
| total_source = estimate |
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| languages = [[Anyi language]] |
| languages = [[Anyi language]] |
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| philosophies = |
| philosophies = |
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| religions = |
| religions = [[Akan religion]] and [[Christianity]] |
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| related_groups = |
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| footnotes = |
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}} |
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The '''Kingdom of Sanwi''' is a [[monarchy|kingdom]] located in the south-east corner of the [[Republic of Ivory Coast]] in West [[Africa]]. |
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| ⚫ | It was established in about 1740 by [[Anyi people|Anyi]] migrants from [[Ghana]] with its capital at [[Krindjabo]]. In 1843, the kingdom became a [[protectorate]] of [[France]]. In 1959, it merged with Ivory Coast.<ref name="Boone">{{cite book |last1=Boone |first1=Catherine |title=Political Topographies of the African State: Territorial Authority and Institutional Choice |url=https://archive.org/details/politicaltopogra0000boon |url-access=registration |date=October 17, 2003 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=9780521532648 |page=[https://archive.org/details/politicaltopogra0000boon/page/232 232]}}</ref> |
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<!-- ==History== |
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In the early 19th century, Sanwi was a [[Vassal state|vassal]] to the Ashanti Empire until this status was destroyed as a result of French colonial expansion in the region.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Daddieh|first=Cyril K.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_VptCwAAQBAJ&dq=bondoukou+Asante+Empire&pg=PA422|title= Historical Dictionary of Cote d'Ivoire (The Ivory Coast)|date=2016|pages=422–423|publisher=[[Rowman & Littlefield]]|isbn=9780810873896}}</ref> |
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{{original research|date=February 2019}} |
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| ⚫ | The kingdom declared American singer [[Michael Jackson]] to be Prince of the Sanwi in 1992.<ref name="Pflanz">{{cite news |last1=Pflanz |first1=Mike |title=Royal Ivory Coast funeral for tribe 'prince' Michael Jackson |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/music/michael-jackson/5965126/Royal-Ivory-Coast-funeral-for-tribe-prince-Michael-Jackson.html |access-date=7 February 2019 |publisher=The Telegraph |date=August 3, 2009}}</ref> Reciprocal visits by Jackson and King Amon N'Douffou IV were made to [[Krindjabo]] and [[Los Angeles]] respectively. After Jackson's death in 2009, an elaborate two-day funeral was held in Sanwi. [[Jesse Jackson]] was declared prince in August of that year when he was crowned Prince Nana by [[Amon N'Douffou V]].<ref name="Jesse Jackson">{{cite news |title=Jesse Jackson named prince of African tribe |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/music/michael-jackson/6022964/Jesse-Jackson-named-prince-of-African-tribe.html |access-date=7 February 2019 |publisher=The Telegraph |date=August 13, 2009}}</ref> |
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The original core of this people is in Ghana where conflicts between Opokou Warreh (Ashanti) and them (Agni) created the reason for a departure to the Ivory Coast. |
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[[Amalaman Anoh]], first king of the Kingdom of Sanwi{{citation needed|date=February 2019}}, lead the Agni in settling in Diby in the Aboisso region. A leadership war then broke out between the Agni and the [[Agoua]], the first occupants of the site. After their victory, the Agni settled in the region of '' Ciman ''{{citation needed|date=February 2019}} a valley crowned by hills. So that in time of war, the enemy can not access the new site. But always in search of new lands, Aka Essoin, the henchman of King Amalaman Anoh{{citation needed|date=February 2019}} notable and powerful, responsible for the expansion of the kingdom, hand in conquering new lands more suitable. It is in this quest Aka Essoin discovered a large tree, a cherry{{citation needed|date=February 2019}}: the Krindjabo behind the Bia River. So that to reach the site, it must first cross the Bia, swimming. Knowing safe from possible attacks of the enemy, the Agni people Ciman left the area and settled under the tree or Krindja "Krindjabo" Agni language. And, thanks to Aka Essoin which has mystical powers to turn into ferocious animal{{dubious|date=February 2019}}, especially the elephant. Krindjabo, the capital of the kingdom Sanwi is well founded, before the arrival of the white man. Only it is good to know that the great city of Aboisso is the birthplace of the oldest{{citation needed|date=February 2019}} kingdom and most powerful in the history of Côte d'Ivoire{{dubious|date=February 2019}}: Sanwi. |
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The first mission across the country Agnis involves 2 travel (mission Treich Laplène (1887-1889){{citation needed|date=February 2019}} which resulted in treaties with Sanwi to Krindjabo (Aboisso) with Bettie and Indénié (Abengourou). in the North, the treaties were signed with the kingdoms of Bondoukou Kong in 1888{{citation needed|date=February 2019}} and Dabakala with Binger in 1889{{citation needed|date=February 2019}}.--> |
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== History == |
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The original country of these people is in Ghana, where the conflicts between [[Opoku Ware I]] of [[Ashanti Empire|Ashanti]] and the Anyi made them migrate to Ivory Coast. Amalaman Anoh, first king of the Kingdom of Sanwi, led the anyi to settle in Diby in the region of Aboisso. A leadership war then arose between the agui and the waters, the first occupants of the place. After his victory, the anyi settled in the region of 'Ciman', a valley crowned by hills. So that in time of war, the enemy cannot reach the place. Aim always in search of new lands, Aka Essoin, the henchman of the remarkable and powerful King Amalaman Anoh, responsible for the expansion of the kingdom, hand in the conquest of new lands more suitable. Krindjabo, the capital of the Sanwi kingdom is well founded, before the arrival of the white man. Côte d'Ivoire: Sanui Aboisso is the birthplace of the oldest and most powerful kingdom in the history of Côte d'Ivoire.{{Citation needed|date=September 2023}} In the early 19th century, Sanwi was a vassal to the Ashanti Empire until this status was destroyed as a result of French colonial expansion in the region.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Daddieh|first=Cyril K.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_VptCwAAQBAJ&dq=bondoukou+Asante+Empire&pg=PA422|title= Historical Dictionary of Cote d'Ivoire (The Ivory Coast)|date=2016|pages=422–423|publisher=[[Rowman & Littlefield]]|isbn=9780810873896}}</ref> The first task Nationwide agui Involves 2 voyage (Mission Treich Laplène (1887-1889) resulted in Thurs Treaties with Sanwi to Krindjabo (Aboisso) with Bettie and Indenie (Abengourou). In the North, treaties were signed with Bonducu of the Empire of Congue and Dabacala de Louis-Gustave Binger in 1889.{{Citation needed|date=September 2023}} |
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== Kings and Chiefs == |
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'''Zena''': Reigned around 1687 and made contact with the Guinea Company. |
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'''Akasini''': Successor of Zena, reigns around 1700, during the return of Louis Aniaba to Assinie. |
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'''Amalaman Anoh''': After the foundation of Krindjabo, Amalaman Anoh ruled the throne for a long time. He died on the throne. After him, Amondouffou Kpangni (the great) replaced him. Then he died too, giving way to Amondouffou Koutoua (the child) or Amondouffou II. In the constitution of the Sanwi kingdom, the king reigns for life. But in case of mismanagement, he can be dismissed. |
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'''Amon N'Douffou II''': It was during the reign of Amondouffou that the first Europeans arrived in Ivory Coast. He is the first king to sign a treaty with them and established the current organization of the Sanwi Kingdom. Under his reign, Queen Mother Malan Alloua refused to allow whites to settle in Krindjabo. Because she found them pale and couldn't live with them. She showed them a place full of stones, Ebouesso (in stone), a name that after being corrupted resulted in the current city of [[Aboisso]]. |
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'''Kodja Assi Reis, Kodjo Adou, Amon Koutoua and Koua Malan''': Kodja Assi was the first of the deposed kings of the Sanwi Kingdom. He was dismissed for mismanagement. His successor, Kodjo Adou, ruled for six years, before experiencing the same fate as his predecessor. During the reign of King Amon Koutoua, there was also a problem of mismanagement forcing the king to abdicate. After the office had been vacant for ten years, in fact, the one who had been chosen had not been accepted by the people. He was the son of the former and as he was literate he was responsible before his father's removal to interpret messages from whites to kings. But, not being fluent in the French language, he did not faithfully translate the messages. This earned him a categorical refusal to the throne, which he was promoted to. After these 10 years of emptiness, Koua Malan ascended the throne. He reigned for seven years, before being dismissed for mismanagement. |
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'''Amon N'Douffou III''': After the series of deposed kings, Kakou Andoh came to the throne. He took the regnal name of Amondouffou III. He was considered a very good king, he reigned for a long time. According to various testimonies, he had the longest reign in the history of the Sanwi Kingdom. |
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'''Amon N'Douffou IV''': With the death of Amondouffou III, Kassy Anzian Paul went to the throne. He reigned from 1985 to 2002. A long-challenged king, he had been rejected by the late President Félix Houphouet-Boigny, who doubted his morality and origins. It is later that this former captain of civil aviation will be revealed to the general public. It was said of him that he was a bad king, as he took all his wealth to Ghana, where he would be from. Added to that, the failure to comply with the laws he had created. After 17 years of reigning over the Sanwi people, Amondufu IV's resignation was imminent and without appeal. The impeachment, which had been premeditated twice, without success, ended up becoming a reality, one night in August 2002. The king had abdicated. |
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'''[[Amon N'Douffou V]]''': resident and businessman Enan Eboua Kutwa Francis became Amon N'douffou V after the events of August 2002 (the dramatic abdication of Amondouffou IV). In the Sanwi Kingdom, successors to the throne should not be near the kingdom. So, his position as the "prodigal son" and, moreover, of the lineage of Kings, convinced the keepers of tradition, of his choice for the holy throne. Thus, he was made King of Sanwi by an enthronement that lasted three days (5th, 6th and 7th of August 2005), as required by tradition. |
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== Michael Jackson's Coronation == |
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| ⚫ | The kingdom |
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Michael Joseph Jackson Jr., the eldest child of Michael Jackson was inaugurated via state visit by Amon N'Douffou IV as Prince Mikaeel Amalaman Anoh II Of the Ivory Coast Kingdom Krinjabo & Agni Empire on February 16, 1997. He was sworn in as the new health and well-being advisor and the new peace, youth and cultural ambassador of the Agni Empire by King Amon N'Douffou V on February 16, 2013 - Prince Mikaeel II Of Krinjabo, King Sani II of Sanwi, Senegal, Africa. |
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== Geography == |
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The Kingdom of Sanwi practically coexists with the provincial region of Sud-Comoé in Ivory Coast, but while the royal capital is located in Krindjabo, the provincial capital is located in Aboisso. The kingdom is part of a geographic space of 6,500 square kilometers, 1/7 of which are lakes and rivers. The Sanwi Kingdom is presented as a set of hills and valleys, subdivided into three specific areas: a coastal area, sandy and made of mangroves: it covers the municipalities of Adjouan, in the south of the canton Affema; a forested area from east to west and north. Kingdom of Sanwi has one of the highest rainfall in Côte d'Ivoire, with annual rainfall exceeding 1,600 mm. This geographical feature has greatly favored the exceptional development of industrial crops (rubber, coffee, cocoa, banana, [[palm oil]], pineapple, etc.) and food (rice, taro, banana, banana, manioc, etc.). |
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=== Economy === |
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From an economic point of view, it is the agro-industrial activities that surpass it by far, in fact, it is known for its palm oil production (about 20% of national production). |
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==References== |
==References== |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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* [http://delegationroyaumesanwi.fr.gd European Delegation of Sanwi Kingdom] |
* [http://delegationroyaumesanwi.fr.gd European Delegation of Sanwi Kingdom] (in French) |
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{{Authority control}} |
{{Authority control}} |
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Latest revision as of 11:49, 31 October 2024
 Pre-European kingdoms | |
| Total population | |
|---|---|
| 20,000 (est.) | |
| Regions with significant populations | |
| Krindjabo, Africa | |
| Languages | |
| Anyi language | |
| Religion | |
| Akan religion and Christianity |
The Kingdom of Sanwi is a kingdom located in the south-east corner of the Republic of Ivory Coast in West Africa.
It was established in about 1740 by Anyi migrants from Ghana with its capital at Krindjabo. In 1843, the kingdom became a protectorate of France. In 1959, it merged with Ivory Coast.[1]
In the early 19th century, Sanwi was a vassal to the Ashanti Empire until this status was destroyed as a result of French colonial expansion in the region.[2]
The kingdom declared American singer Michael Jackson to be Prince of the Sanwi in 1992.[3] Reciprocal visits by Jackson and King Amon N'Douffou IV were made to Krindjabo and Los Angeles respectively. After Jackson's death in 2009, an elaborate two-day funeral was held in Sanwi. Jesse Jackson was declared prince in August of that year when he was crowned Prince Nana by Amon N'Douffou V.[4]
References
[edit]- ^ Boone, Catherine (17 October 2003). Political Topographies of the African State: Territorial Authority and Institutional Choice. Cambridge University Press. p. 232. ISBN 9780521532648.
- ^ Daddieh, Cyril K. (2016). Historical Dictionary of Cote d'Ivoire (The Ivory Coast). Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 422–423. ISBN 9780810873896.
- ^ Pflanz, Mike (3 August 2009). "Royal Ivory Coast funeral for tribe 'prince' Michael Jackson". The Telegraph. Retrieved 7 February 2019.
- ^ "Jesse Jackson named prince of African tribe". The Telegraph. 13 August 2009. Retrieved 7 February 2019.
External links
[edit]- European Delegation of Sanwi Kingdom (in French)
