History of the Jews of Grimsby: Difference between revisions
Content deleted Content added
expanded the text and references on immigration, population, synagogue etc |
added initial list of notable people |
||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
== Overview == |
|||
A Jewish presence in [[Grimsby]] (in [[Lincolnshire]], England) was first reported around [[Middle Ages|1182]], and further mentioned during the 13th century, often in connection with the [[Jews' Court, Lincoln|Jews of Lincoln]];<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Gerlis |first=Daphne |title=The story of the Grimsby Jewish community |last2=Gerlis |first2=Leon |publisher=Humberside Leisture Services |year=1986 |isbn=9780904451337 |location=Hull |trans-title=}}</ref> however in 1290 [[Edward I of England|Edward I]] [[Edict of Expulsion|expelled the Jews from England]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Roth |first=Cecil |title=A history of the Jews in England |date=1979 |publisher=Clarendon Pr |isbn=978-0-19-822488-4 |edition=3. ed., repr |location=Oxford}}</ref> |
A Jewish presence in [[Grimsby]] (in [[Lincolnshire]], England) was first reported around [[Middle Ages|1182]], and further mentioned during the 13th century, often in connection with the [[Jews' Court, Lincoln|Jews of Lincoln]];<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Gerlis |first=Daphne |title=The story of the Grimsby Jewish community |last2=Gerlis |first2=Leon |publisher=Humberside Leisture Services |year=1986 |isbn=9780904451337 |location=Hull |trans-title=}}</ref> however in 1290 [[Edward I of England|Edward I]] [[Edict of Expulsion|expelled the Jews from England]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Roth |first=Cecil |title=A history of the Jews in England |date=1979 |publisher=Clarendon Pr |isbn=978-0-19-822488-4 |edition=3. ed., repr |location=Oxford}}</ref> |
||
After the opening of a deep water dock in 1854, continental migrants came into Grimsby for its railway terminus, eventually including by 1914 hundreds of thousands of East-European Jews, mostly bound for Liverpool |
After the opening of a deep water dock in 1854, continental migrants came into Grimsby for its railway terminus, eventually including by 1914 hundreds of thousands of East-European Jews, mostly bound for Liverpool ''en route'' to America. They originated especially from Poland and [[Grand Duchy of Lithuania|Greater Lithuania]], and after 1860 some stayed, with Jews resident at census in Grimsby 87 in 1871, 450 after 1900, but dwindling to 45 by 2021. The growth and decline of the Grimsby community parallels others in England's North Sea ports, especially [[Kingston upon Hull|Hull]], its [[History of the Jews in Hull|larger sister community directly across the Humber estuary.]]<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=JCR-UK: Grimsby Synagogue and Jewish Community, Lincolnshire, England |url=https://www.jewishgen.org/jcr-uk/community/Gr/index.htm#:~:text=Although%20there%20had%20been%20a,attractive%20place%20to%20travel%20through. |access-date=2024-10-31 |website=www.jewishgen.org}}</ref><ref>Great Grimsby and Cleethorpes: Seat Details. Religions. Census 2021. https://henryjacksonsociety.org/religiousdiversity/cgi-bin/seatdetail.py?seat=Great%20Grimsby%20and%20Cleethorpes [31 October 2024]</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC Four - A Very British History, Series 1, The Jews of Leeds - From Russia with Love: A Migration Story |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/articles/3vx9q1kqKtzFhmDYcssDsdR/from-russia-with-love-a-migration-story |access-date=2024-11-10 |website=BBC |language=en-GB}}</ref> |
||
== Institutions == |
|||
Grimsby's first Jewish congregation dates from 1865, with the new-built Sir Moses Montefiore Synagogue opening in 1888, later expanded with a school and ritual bathhouse |
Grimsby's first Jewish congregation dates from 1865, with the new-built Sir Moses Montefiore Synagogue opening in 1888, later expanded with a school and ritual bathhouse behind; it is now a listed building.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Heritage Gateway - Results |url=https://www.heritagegateway.org.uk/Gateway/Results_Single.aspx?uid=1344327&resourceID=19191 |access-date=2024-11-03 |website=www.heritagegateway.org.uk}}</ref> The financier and philanthropist [[Moses Montefiore|Montefiore]] (resident in [[Ramsgate]]) died aged 100 a week after the foundation stone-laying in 1885.<ref name=":1" /> |
||
Grimsby's Old Jewish Cemetery, in Doughty Road, dates from 1854, but closed around 1920. The First Avenue Jewish Cemetery was in use from 1896. It holds two [[Commonwealth War Graves Commission|Commonwealth War Graves]], both airmen killed in [[World War II|World War Two,]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=CWGC |title=Grimsby Hebrew Congregation Cemetery {{!}} Cemetery Details |url=https://www.cwgc.org/visit-us/find-cemeteries-memorials/cemetery-details/2042012/grimsby-hebrew-congregation-cemetery/ |access-date=2024-11-06 |website=CWGC |language=en}}</ref> who are commemorated on a plaque at the Montefiore Synagogue (above),<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sir Moses Montifiore Synagogue- WW2 Plaque |url=https://www.iwm.org.uk/memorials/item/memorial/40196 |access-date=2024-11-06 |website=Imperial War Museums |language=en}}</ref> where also six Jewish servicemen from Grimsby are memorialised for sacrificing their lives during World War One.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Grimsby Hebrew Congregation {{!}} British Jews in The First World War |url=https://www.jewsfww.uk/grimsby-hebrew-congregation-5048.php |access-date=2024-11-06 |website=jewsfww.uk |language=en-GB}}</ref> |
Grimsby's Old Jewish Cemetery, in Doughty Road, dates from 1854, but closed around 1920. The First Avenue Jewish Cemetery was in use from 1896; among its graves are several of those who died at sea on the journey from Europe.<ref name=":1" /> It holds two [[Commonwealth War Graves Commission|Commonwealth War Graves]], both airmen killed in [[World War II|World War Two,]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=CWGC |title=Grimsby Hebrew Congregation Cemetery {{!}} Cemetery Details |url=https://www.cwgc.org/visit-us/find-cemeteries-memorials/cemetery-details/2042012/grimsby-hebrew-congregation-cemetery/ |access-date=2024-11-06 |website=CWGC |language=en}}</ref> who are commemorated on a plaque at the Montefiore Synagogue (above),<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sir Moses Montifiore Synagogue- WW2 Plaque |url=https://www.iwm.org.uk/memorials/item/memorial/40196 |access-date=2024-11-06 |website=Imperial War Museums |language=en}}</ref> where also six Jewish servicemen from Grimsby are memorialised for sacrificing their lives during World War One.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Grimsby Hebrew Congregation {{!}} British Jews in The First World War |url=https://www.jewsfww.uk/grimsby-hebrew-congregation-5048.php |access-date=2024-11-06 |website=jewsfww.uk |language=en-GB}}</ref> |
||
== Notable people == |
|||
| ⚫ | |||
In addition to ministers of religion and leading members of the congregation, there were five Jewish Mayors of Grimsby, and a Mayors of Cleethorpes, as well as Aldermen, Town Councillors, and Justices of the Peace.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" /> |
|||
'''[[Jonathan Arkush]]''', former president of the Board of Deputies of British Jews. |
|||
John Bowers KC, principal of Brasenose College, Oxford, (b. Grimsby 1956), barrister and law writer. |
|||
Max Gold (1944-2017), born in Grimsby, a well-known [[Kingston upon Hull|Hull]] solicitor, who families of trawlermen of [[FV Gaul|The Gaul]]. |
|||
Dr David Husain (1937-2007) was raised in Grimsby, later scientific adviser to the government (1974-1976), chemist at Cambridge University.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Thomas |first=John Meurig |date=3 April 2008 |title=David Husain: Enterprising physical chemist |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/david-husain-enterprising-physical-chemist-804020.html}}</ref> |
|||
Mayors of Grimsby:<ref name=":0" /> |
|||
Ald. Moses Abrahams JP (d. 1925), 1901-2. |
|||
Ald.Isidore Abrahams OBE (c.1887-1962), 1929-30. |
|||
Ald. Max Bloom JP (c.1891-1962), 1943-4. |
|||
Ald. Wilfred Harris OBE (d.1961), 1954-6. |
|||
Mayor of Cleethorpes:<ref name=":0" /> |
|||
| ⚫ | |||
==References== |
==References== |
||
Revision as of 18:05, 11 November 2024
Overview
A Jewish presence in Grimsby (in Lincolnshire, England) was first reported around 1182, and further mentioned during the 13th century, often in connection with the Jews of Lincoln;[1] however in 1290 Edward I expelled the Jews from England.[2]
After the opening of a deep water dock in 1854, continental migrants came into Grimsby for its railway terminus, eventually including by 1914 hundreds of thousands of East-European Jews, mostly bound for Liverpool en route to America. They originated especially from Poland and Greater Lithuania, and after 1860 some stayed, with Jews resident at census in Grimsby 87 in 1871, 450 after 1900, but dwindling to 45 by 2021. The growth and decline of the Grimsby community parallels others in England's North Sea ports, especially Hull, its larger sister community directly across the Humber estuary.[1][3][4][5]
Institutions
Grimsby's first Jewish congregation dates from 1865, with the new-built Sir Moses Montefiore Synagogue opening in 1888, later expanded with a school and ritual bathhouse behind; it is now a listed building.[1][6] The financier and philanthropist Montefiore (resident in Ramsgate) died aged 100 a week after the foundation stone-laying in 1885.[1]
Grimsby's Old Jewish Cemetery, in Doughty Road, dates from 1854, but closed around 1920. The First Avenue Jewish Cemetery was in use from 1896; among its graves are several of those who died at sea on the journey from Europe.[1] It holds two Commonwealth War Graves, both airmen killed in World War Two,[7] who are commemorated on a plaque at the Montefiore Synagogue (above),[8] where also six Jewish servicemen from Grimsby are memorialised for sacrificing their lives during World War One.[9]
Notable people
In addition to ministers of religion and leading members of the congregation, there were five Jewish Mayors of Grimsby, and a Mayors of Cleethorpes, as well as Aldermen, Town Councillors, and Justices of the Peace.[1][3]
Jonathan Arkush, former president of the Board of Deputies of British Jews.
John Bowers KC, principal of Brasenose College, Oxford, (b. Grimsby 1956), barrister and law writer.
Max Gold (1944-2017), born in Grimsby, a well-known Hull solicitor, who families of trawlermen of The Gaul.
Dr David Husain (1937-2007) was raised in Grimsby, later scientific adviser to the government (1974-1976), chemist at Cambridge University.[10]
Mayors of Grimsby:[3]
Ald. Moses Abrahams JP (d. 1925), 1901-2.
Ald.Isidore Abrahams OBE (c.1887-1962), 1929-30.
Ald. Max Bloom JP (c.1891-1962), 1943-4.
Ald. Wilfred Harris OBE (d.1961), 1954-6.
Mayor of Cleethorpes:[3]
Ald. Wolf Solomon JP OBE (1899-1970)
References
- ^ a b c d e f Gerlis, Daphne; Gerlis, Leon (1986). The story of the Grimsby Jewish community. Hull: Humberside Leisture Services. ISBN 9780904451337.
- ^ Roth, Cecil (1979). A history of the Jews in England (3. ed., repr ed.). Oxford: Clarendon Pr. ISBN 978-0-19-822488-4.
- ^ a b c d "JCR-UK: Grimsby Synagogue and Jewish Community, Lincolnshire, England". www.jewishgen.org. Retrieved 2024-10-31.
- ^ Great Grimsby and Cleethorpes: Seat Details. Religions. Census 2021. https://henryjacksonsociety.org/religiousdiversity/cgi-bin/seatdetail.py?seat=Great%20Grimsby%20and%20Cleethorpes [31 October 2024]
- ^ "BBC Four - A Very British History, Series 1, The Jews of Leeds - From Russia with Love: A Migration Story". BBC. Retrieved 2024-11-10.
- ^ "Heritage Gateway - Results". www.heritagegateway.org.uk. Retrieved 2024-11-03.
- ^ CWGC. "Grimsby Hebrew Congregation Cemetery | Cemetery Details". CWGC. Retrieved 2024-11-06.
- ^ "Sir Moses Montifiore Synagogue- WW2 Plaque". Imperial War Museums. Retrieved 2024-11-06.
- ^ "Grimsby Hebrew Congregation | British Jews in The First World War". jewsfww.uk. Retrieved 2024-11-06.
- ^ Thomas, John Meurig (3 April 2008). "David Husain: Enterprising physical chemist".