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==Life==
==Life==


He was born in [[Bournemouth]], named William Edward Roberts. He was the eldest child of Edward George Roberts and Henrietta Mary Sellers.<ref>Information provided by Gerald Roberts, nephew of Michael Roberts, 6 March 2014</ref>{{better|reason=personal information is not a reliable reference|date=September 2023}} He was educated at [[Bournemouth School]]. From 1920 to 1922 he studied at [[King's College London]], taking a BSc in Chemistry. From 1922 to 1925 he read [[mathematics]] at [[Trinity College, Cambridge]]; it was during this period of his life he acquired the name Michael (after [[Mikhail Lomonosov]]). In 1925 or 1926 he joined the [[Communist Party of Great Britain]] but was expelled within a year.<ref>T.W. Eason, 'Biographical Sketch', in T.W. Eason and R. Hamilton (eds.), ''A Portrait of Michael Roberts'', College of St Mark and St John, Chelsea, London, 1949, pp. 1–4.</ref> According to [[Philip Spratt]], who was one of only a handful of fellow communists attending Cambridge at this time, Roberts was suspected by the Marxist academic [[Maurice Dobb]] of being a fascist spy.<ref>Philip Spratt, ''Blowing Up India: Reminiscences and Reflections of a Comintern Emissary'', Calcutta: Prachi Prakashan, 1955, p. 17.</ref>
He was born in [[Bournemouth]], named William Edward Roberts. He was the eldest child of Edward George Roberts and Henrietta Mary Sellers.<ref name="A" /><ref>Information provided by Gerald Roberts, nephew of Michael Roberts, 6 March 2014</ref>{{better|reason=personal information is not a reliable reference|date=September 2023}} He was educated at [[Bournemouth School]]. From 1920 to 1922 he studied at [[King's College London]], taking a BSc in Chemistry. From 1922 to 1925 he read [[mathematics]] at [[Trinity College, Cambridge]]; it was during this period of his life he acquired the name Michael (after [[Mikhail Lomonosov]]). In 1925 or 1926 he joined the [[Communist Party of Great Britain]] but was expelled within a year.<ref>T.W. Eason, 'Biographical Sketch', in T.W. Eason and R. Hamilton (eds.), ''A Portrait of Michael Roberts'', College of St Mark and St John, Chelsea, London, 1949, pp. 1–4.</ref> According to [[Philip Spratt]], who was one of only a handful of fellow communists attending Cambridge at this time, Roberts was suspected by the Marxist academic [[Maurice Dobb]] of being a fascist spy.<ref>Philip Spratt, ''Blowing Up India: Reminiscences and Reflections of a Comintern Emissary'', Calcutta: Prachi Prakashan, 1955, p. 17.</ref>


From 1925 to 1931 he taught at the [[Royal Grammar School, Newcastle]].<ref name="A" /> Then he moved to London, teaching at [[Mercers' School]] from 1931 to 1934.<ref name="A" /> He then returned to the RGS, where he worked until 1941, teaching English, mathematics, physics and chemistry. Having published his first poetry collection in 1930, he began to edit [[anthology|anthologies]], of which ''New Country'' (1933) was celebrated for the group of poets (including [[W. H. Auden]]) that it featured. In 1934, he participated in a series of radio broadcasts, ''Whither Britain?'' along with [[Winston Churchill]], [[George Bernard Shaw]] and [[Ernest Bevin]].<ref name="A" />
From 1925 to 1931 he taught at the [[Royal Grammar School, Newcastle]].<ref name="A" /> Then he moved to London, teaching at [[Mercers' School]] from 1931 to 1934.<ref name="A" /> He then returned to the RGS, where he worked until 1941, teaching English, mathematics, physics and chemistry. Having published his first poetry collection in 1930, he began to edit [[anthology|anthologies]], of which ''New Country'' (1933) was celebrated for the group of poets (including [[W. H. Auden]]) that it featured. In 1934, he participated in a series of radio broadcasts, ''Whither Britain?'' along with [[Winston Churchill]], [[George Bernard Shaw]] and [[Ernest Bevin]].<ref name="A" />
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The ''[[Faber Book of Modern Verse]]'' (1936), which he edited, is the piece of work for which Roberts is now best remembered.<ref>Michael Roberts, ''The Faber Book of Modern Verse'', 4th revised edition, Faber and Faber, London, 2003. {{ISBN|978-0-571-18017-2}}.</ref>{{failed verification|reason=this is a reference to the publication but does not verify that this is the work for which he is best remembered|date=September 2023}} ''
The ''[[Faber Book of Modern Verse]]'' (1936), which he edited, is the piece of work for which Roberts is now best remembered.<ref>Michael Roberts, ''The Faber Book of Modern Verse'', 4th revised edition, Faber and Faber, London, 2003. {{ISBN|978-0-571-18017-2}}.</ref>{{failed verification|reason=this is a reference to the publication but does not verify that this is the work for which he is best remembered|date=September 2023}} ''
''The Oxford Companion to Twentieth-Century Literature in English'' states that Roberts' ''The Faber Book of Modern Verse'' was "directly instrumental in forming the tastes of succeeding generations of readers." <ref>Stringer, Jenny (ed.). ''The Oxford Companion to Twentieth-Century Literature in English'' Oxford, [[Oxford University Press]], {{ISBN|9780192122711}} (p. 205).</ref> He followed it with poetry and prose writing, and a study of [[T. E. Hulme]].<ref>Michael Roberts, ''T.E. Hulme'', Carcanet Press, Manchester, 1982. {{ISBN|0-85635-411-2}}.</ref> In 1941–45 he worked in London for the BBC European Service, mainly on broadcasting to German-occupied countries.<ref>Andrew Roberts, 'Michael Roberts and the BBC', in Roger Louis (ed.), ''Irrepressible Adventures with Britannia: Personalities, Politics and Culture in Britain'', I.B. Tauris, London, 2013, pp. 73–85.</ref> From 1945 to 1948 he was Principal of the [[College of St Mark and St John]] in [[Chelsea, London]]. He died of [[leukaemia]] in 1948.{{cn|date=September 2023}}
''The Oxford Companion to Twentieth-Century Literature in English'' states that Roberts' ''The Faber Book of Modern Verse'' was "directly instrumental in forming the tastes of succeeding generations of readers." <ref>Stringer, Jenny (ed.). ''The Oxford Companion to Twentieth-Century Literature in English'' Oxford, [[Oxford University Press]], {{ISBN|9780192122711}} (p. 205).</ref> He followed it with poetry and prose writing, and a study of [[T. E. Hulme]].<ref>Michael Roberts, ''T.E. Hulme'', Carcanet Press, Manchester, 1982. {{ISBN|0-85635-411-2}}.</ref> In 1941–45 he worked in London for the BBC European Service, mainly on broadcasting to German-occupied countries.<ref>Andrew Roberts, 'Michael Roberts and the BBC', in Roger Louis (ed.), ''Irrepressible Adventures with Britannia: Personalities, Politics and Culture in Britain'', I.B. Tauris, London, 2013, pp. 73–85.</ref> From 1945 to 1948 he was Principal of the [[College of St Mark and St John]] in [[Chelsea, London]]. He died of [[leukaemia]] in 1948.<ref name="A" /> Roberts' posthumously published book ''The Estate of Man'' (1951) was an early analysis of [[ecology|ecological]] issues.<ref name="A" />


Michael and Janet Roberts had built up a collection of books on mountaineering, which (along with the collection of the [[Oxford University Mountaineering Club]]) provided a basis for establishment in December 1992 of the Oxford Mountaineering Library. This is now based in the [[Social Science Library]] in the Manor Road Building, Oxford, OX1 3UQ.
Michael and Janet Roberts had built up a collection of books on mountaineering, which (along with the collection of the [[Oxford University Mountaineering Club]]) provided a basis for establishment in December 1992 of the Oxford Mountaineering Library. This is now based in the [[Social Science Library]] in the Manor Road Building, Oxford, OX1 3UQ.

Revision as of 22:44, 24 November 2024

For other people named Michael Roberts, see Michael Roberts (disambiguation).

Michael Roberts (6 December 1902 – 13 December 1948), originally named William Edward Roberts, was an English poet, writer, scientist, mathematician, critic and broadcaster, a polymath who made his living as a teacher.[1]

Life

He was born in Bournemouth, named William Edward Roberts. He was the eldest child of Edward George Roberts and Henrietta Mary Sellers.[1][2][better source needed] He was educated at Bournemouth School. From 1920 to 1922 he studied at King's College London, taking a BSc in Chemistry. From 1922 to 1925 he read mathematics at Trinity College, Cambridge; it was during this period of his life he acquired the name Michael (after Mikhail Lomonosov). In 1925 or 1926 he joined the Communist Party of Great Britain but was expelled within a year.[3] According to Philip Spratt, who was one of only a handful of fellow communists attending Cambridge at this time, Roberts was suspected by the Marxist academic Maurice Dobb of being a fascist spy.[4]

From 1925 to 1931 he taught at the Royal Grammar School, Newcastle.[1] Then he moved to London, teaching at Mercers' School from 1931 to 1934.[1] He then returned to the RGS, where he worked until 1941, teaching English, mathematics, physics and chemistry. Having published his first poetry collection in 1930, he began to edit anthologies, of which New Country (1933) was celebrated for the group of poets (including W. H. Auden) that it featured. In 1934, he participated in a series of radio broadcasts, Whither Britain? along with Winston Churchill, George Bernard Shaw and Ernest Bevin.[1]

The next year, he married Janet Adam Smith, critic, anthologist, and fellow mountaineer; they lived in Fern Avenue, Jesmond, Newcastle upon Tyne. In 1939 they went to Penrith in Cumberland when the school was evacuated there. There they briefly shared a house with the poet Kathleen Raine.

Together, they had four children: Andrew Roberts, Professor of the History of Africa at the University of London, born 1937; Henrietta Dombey, Professor of Literacy in Primary Education at the University of Brighton, born 1939; Adam Roberts, Professor of International Relations at Oxford University, born 1940; and John Roberts, writer on energy issues and Middle East politics, born 1947.[citation needed]

The Faber Book of Modern Verse (1936), which he edited, is the piece of work for which Roberts is now best remembered.[5][failed verification] The Oxford Companion to Twentieth-Century Literature in English states that Roberts' The Faber Book of Modern Verse was "directly instrumental in forming the tastes of succeeding generations of readers." [6] He followed it with poetry and prose writing, and a study of T. E. Hulme.[7] In 1941–45 he worked in London for the BBC European Service, mainly on broadcasting to German-occupied countries.[8] From 1945 to 1948 he was Principal of the College of St Mark and St John in Chelsea, London. He died of leukaemia in 1948.[1] Roberts' posthumously published book The Estate of Man (1951) was an early analysis of ecological issues.[1]

Michael and Janet Roberts had built up a collection of books on mountaineering, which (along with the collection of the Oxford University Mountaineering Club) provided a basis for establishment in December 1992 of the Oxford Mountaineering Library. This is now based in the Social Science Library in the Manor Road Building, Oxford, OX1 3UQ.

Many of his papers are in the National Library of Scotland, at Edinburgh. They include literary correspondence and records of his BBC work in 1941–45.[9]

Poets in New Signatures (1932)

W. H. Auden, Julian Bell, C. Day-Lewis, Richard Eberhart, William Empson, John Lehmann, William Plomer, Stephen Spender, A. S. J. Tessimond.

Poets in New Country (1933)

W. H. Auden, Richard Goodman, C. Day-Lewis, John Lehmann, Charles Madge, Michael Roberts, Stephen Spender, A. S. J. Tessimond, Rex Warner.

Books by Michael Roberts

  • These Our Matins (poems), Elkin Mathews & Marrot, London, 1930.
  • (ed.) New Signatures: Poems by Several Hands, Hogarth Press, London, 1932.
  • (ed.) New Country: Prose and Poetry by the authors of New Signatures, Hogarth Press, London, 1933.
  • (ed.) Elizabethan Prose, London, Jonathan Cape, 1933.
  • (with E.R. Thomas) Newton and the Origin of Colours: A Study of One of the Earliest Examples of Scientific Method, G. Bell, London, 1934.
  • Critique of Poetry, Jonathan Cape, London, 1934.
  • Poems, Jonathan Cape, London, 1936.
  • (ed.) The Faber Book of Modern Verse, Faber & Faber, London, 1936.
  • The Modern Mind, Faber & Faber, London, 1937.
  • T.E. Hulme, Faber & Faber, London, 1938.
  • Orion Marches (poems), Faber & Faber, London, 1939.
  • The Recovery of the West, Faber & Faber, London, 1941.
  • (ed.) The Faber Book of Comic Verse, Faber & Faber, London, 1942.
  • The Estate of Man, Faber & Faber, London, 1951.
  • Collected Poems, Faber & Faber, London, 1958.

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g "Chronology", in Frederick Grubb (ed.) Selected Poems and Prose of Michael Roberts. London, Carcanet. 1980. ISBN 9780856352638, (pgs. 1-4)
  2. ^ Information provided by Gerald Roberts, nephew of Michael Roberts, 6 March 2014
  3. ^ T.W. Eason, 'Biographical Sketch', in T.W. Eason and R. Hamilton (eds.), A Portrait of Michael Roberts, College of St Mark and St John, Chelsea, London, 1949, pp. 1–4.
  4. ^ Philip Spratt, Blowing Up India: Reminiscences and Reflections of a Comintern Emissary, Calcutta: Prachi Prakashan, 1955, p. 17.
  5. ^ Michael Roberts, The Faber Book of Modern Verse, 4th revised edition, Faber and Faber, London, 2003. ISBN 978-0-571-18017-2.
  6. ^ Stringer, Jenny (ed.). The Oxford Companion to Twentieth-Century Literature in English Oxford, Oxford University Press, ISBN 9780192122711 (p. 205).
  7. ^ Michael Roberts, T.E. Hulme, Carcanet Press, Manchester, 1982. ISBN 0-85635-411-2.
  8. ^ Andrew Roberts, 'Michael Roberts and the BBC', in Roger Louis (ed.), Irrepressible Adventures with Britannia: Personalities, Politics and Culture in Britain, I.B. Tauris, London, 2013, pp. 73–85.
  9. ^ Inventories of these holdings in the National Library of Scotland may be found at http://www.nls.uk/catalogues/online/cnmi/inventories/acc13145.pdf and http://www.nls.uk/catalogues/online/cnmi/inventories/acc13860.pdf .

Further reading

  • Frederick Grubb (ed.), Michael Roberts: Selected Poems and Prose, Carcanet Press, 1980.[1]
  • Michael H. Whitworth, Physics and the Literary Community, 1905-1939, unpublished Oxford D.Phil. thesis, 1994. Contains checklist of Roberts's contributions to periodicals, includes items not listed in Grubb's bibliography.
  • Samuel Hines, entry on Michael Roberts in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004; online edition October 2009.
  • Jason Harding, The Criterion: Cultural Politics and Periodical Networks in Inter-war Britain, Oxford University Press, 2002. (Chapter 8, pp. 159–174, 'Michael Roberts and Janet Adam Smith: New Signatures'.) ISBN 978-0-19-924717-2.
  • Nicolas Barker, obituary: "Janet Adam Smith: A Woman of Substance in Literature and Mountaineering", The Guardian, London, 14 September 1999.[2]
  • Leonard Miall, "Obituary: Janet Adam Smith", The Independent, London, 13 September 1999.[3]
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