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'''Hydrodictyaceae''' is a [[family (biology)|family]] of [[green algae]] in the order [[Sphaeropleales]].<ref name="AlgaeBase"/> They are found in freshwater habitats worldwide.<ref name=Buchheim>{{cite journal | doi=10.1111/j.1529-8817.2005.00129.x | title=Phylogeny of the Hydrodictyaceae (Chlorophyceae): Inferences from rDNA Data | year=2005 | last1=Buchheim | first1=Mark | last2=Buchheim | first2=Julie | last3=Carlson | first3=Tracy | last4=Braband | first4=Anke | last5=Hepperle | first5=Dominik | last6=Krienitz | first6=Lothar | last7=Wolf | first7=Matthias | last8=Hegewald | first8=Eberhard | journal=Journal of Phycology | volume=41 | issue=5 | pages=1039–1054 | s2cid=83698514 }}</ref>
'''Hydrodictyaceae''' is a [[family (biology)|family]] of [[green algae]] in the order [[Sphaeropleales]].<ref name="AlgaeBase"/> They are found in freshwater habitats worldwide.<ref name=Buchheim>{{cite journal | doi=10.1111/j.1529-8817.2005.00129.x | title=Phylogeny of the Hydrodictyaceae (Chlorophyceae): Inferences from rDNA Data | year=2005 | last1=Buchheim | first1=Mark | last2=Buchheim | first2=Julie | last3=Carlson | first3=Tracy | last4=Braband | first4=Anke | last5=Hepperle | first5=Dominik | last6=Krienitz | first6=Lothar | last7=Wolf | first7=Matthias | last8=Hegewald | first8=Eberhard | journal=Journal of Phycology | volume=41 | issue=5 | pages=1039–1054 | bibcode=2005JPcgy..41.1039B | s2cid=83698514 }}</ref>


Members of this family are either unicellular or colonial. Cells are cylindrical, polyhedral, spherical, or sometimes nearly spherical. Cells contain a single parietal, [[chloroplast]] with a [[pyrenoid]]. Reproduction occurs by the formation of [[autospore]]s, [[zoospore]]s, or isogamous gametes.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Philipose|first1=M.T.|title= Chlorococcales|pages= 1-365|location=New Delhi|publisher= Indian Council of Agricultural Research|date=1967}}</ref>
Members of this family are either unicellular or colonial. Cells are cylindrical, polyhedral, spherical, or sometimes nearly spherical. Cells contain a single parietal, [[chloroplast]] with a [[pyrenoid]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Philipose|first1=M.T.|title= Chlorococcales|pages= 1–365|location=New Delhi|publisher= Indian Council of Agricultural Research|date=1967}}</ref>

Reproduction can occur asexually or sexually. In [[Asexual reproduction]], the mother cell becomes a number of zoospores and swim inside the enlarged mother cell wall, until they attach to each other and become a new colony. In ''[[Tetraedron]]'', the cells do not produce zoospores but produce [[autospore]]s within the enlarged mother cell wall. Sexual reproduction, when observed, occurs via [[isogamous]] gametes.<ref name=Buchheim/>


== Genera ==
== Genera ==
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* ''[[Tetraedron]]''
* ''[[Tetraedron]]''
* ''[[Tetrapedia (alga)|Tetrapedia]]''
* ''[[Tetrapedia (alga)|Tetrapedia]]''

Traditionally, the genus ''Tetraedron'' was excluded and placed within the [[Chlorellaceae]], because of autospore formation.<ref name=Buchheim/> However, the genus produces autospores within an enlarged cell wall, similar to ''Pediastrum'', and molecular phylogenetic evidence shows that they are related.<ref name=Buchheim/>

Molecular phylogenetic studies suggest the following relationships (not all genera are included):<ref name=Buchheim/><ref name=Jena>{{cite journal | doi=10.5507/fot.2014.005 | title=Strain survey on three continents confirms the polyphyly of the genus Pediastrum (Hydrodictyaceae, Chlorophyceae) | date=2014 | last1=Jena | first1=Mrutyunjay | last2=Bock | first2=Christina | last3=Behera | first3=Chhandashree | last4=Adhikary | first4=Siba P. | last5=Krienitz | first5=Lothar | journal=Fottea | volume=14 | pages=63–76 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1111/j.1529-8817.2010.00940.x |title=Molecular phylogenetic relationships in the freshwater family Hydrodictyaceae (Sphaeropleales, Chlorophyceae), with an emphasis on ''Pediastrum duplex'' <sup>1</sup> |date=2011 |last1=McManus |first1=Hilary A. |last2=Lewis |first2=Louise A. |journal=Journal of Phycology |volume=47 |issue=1 |pages=152–163 |pmid=27021721 |bibcode=2011JPcgy..47..152M }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1002/ajb2.1066 |title=Organellar phylogenomics inform systematics in the green algal family Hydrodictyaceae (Chlorophyceae) and provide clues to the complex evolutionary history of plastid genomes in the green algal tree of life |date=2018 |last1=McManus |first1=Hilary A. |last2=Fučíková |first2=Karolina |last3=Lewis |first3=Paul O. |last4=Lewis |first4=Louise A. |last5=Karol |first5=Kenneth G. |journal=American Journal of Botany |volume=105 |issue=3 |pages=315–329 |pmid=29722901 }}</ref>

{{clade|label1=Hydrodictyaceae|1=
{{clade|1=
{{clade|1=
{{clade|1=
{{clade|1=
{{clade
|1=''Pediastrum''
|2=''Hydrodictyon''
}}
|2=''Pseudopediastrum''
}}
|2={{clade|1=''Monactinus''|2=''Lacunastrum''}}
}}
|2=''Stauridium''
|3=''Parapediastrum''
|4=''Sorastrum''
}}
|2=''Tetraedron''
}}
|2=[[Neochloridaceae]] (outgroup)
}}


==References==
==References==

Revision as of 02:01, 30 November 2024

Hydrodictyaceae
Pediastrum
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Clade: Viridiplantae
Division: Chlorophyta
Class: Chlorophyceae
Order: Sphaeropleales
Family: Hydrodictyaceae
Dumortier, 1829
Genera[1]

See text

Hydrodictyaceae is a family of green algae in the order Sphaeropleales.[1] They are found in freshwater habitats worldwide.[2]

Members of this family are either unicellular or colonial. Cells are cylindrical, polyhedral, spherical, or sometimes nearly spherical. Cells contain a single parietal, chloroplast with a pyrenoid.[3]

Reproduction can occur asexually or sexually. In Asexual reproduction, the mother cell becomes a number of zoospores and swim inside the enlarged mother cell wall, until they attach to each other and become a new colony. In Tetraedron, the cells do not produce zoospores but produce autospores within the enlarged mother cell wall. Sexual reproduction, when observed, occurs via isogamous gametes.[2]

Genera

The family Hydrodictyaceae includes the following genera:[1]

Traditionally, the genus Tetraedron was excluded and placed within the Chlorellaceae, because of autospore formation.[2] However, the genus produces autospores within an enlarged cell wall, similar to Pediastrum, and molecular phylogenetic evidence shows that they are related.[2]

Molecular phylogenetic studies suggest the following relationships (not all genera are included):[2][4][5][6]

Hydrodictyaceae

Pediastrum

Hydrodictyon

Pseudopediastrum

Monactinus

Lacunastrum

Stauridium

Parapediastrum

Sorastrum

Tetraedron

Neochloridaceae (outgroup)

References

  1. ^ a b c Guiry, M.D.; Guiry, G.M. "Hydrodictyaceae". AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway. Retrieved 2024-11-29.
  2. ^ a b c d e Buchheim, Mark; Buchheim, Julie; Carlson, Tracy; Braband, Anke; Hepperle, Dominik; Krienitz, Lothar; Wolf, Matthias; Hegewald, Eberhard (2005). "Phylogeny of the Hydrodictyaceae (Chlorophyceae): Inferences from rDNA Data". Journal of Phycology. 41 (5): 1039–1054. Bibcode:2005JPcgy..41.1039B. doi:10.1111/j.1529-8817.2005.00129.x. S2CID 83698514.
  3. ^ Philipose, M.T. (1967). Chlorococcales. New Delhi: Indian Council of Agricultural Research. pp. 1–365.
  4. ^ Jena, Mrutyunjay; Bock, Christina; Behera, Chhandashree; Adhikary, Siba P.; Krienitz, Lothar (2014). "Strain survey on three continents confirms the polyphyly of the genus Pediastrum (Hydrodictyaceae, Chlorophyceae)". Fottea. 14: 63–76. doi:10.5507/fot.2014.005.
  5. ^ McManus, Hilary A.; Lewis, Louise A. (2011). "Molecular phylogenetic relationships in the freshwater family Hydrodictyaceae (Sphaeropleales, Chlorophyceae), with an emphasis on Pediastrum duplex 1". Journal of Phycology. 47 (1): 152–163. Bibcode:2011JPcgy..47..152M. doi:10.1111/j.1529-8817.2010.00940.x. PMID 27021721.
  6. ^ McManus, Hilary A.; Fučíková, Karolina; Lewis, Paul O.; Lewis, Louise A.; Karol, Kenneth G. (2018). "Organellar phylogenomics inform systematics in the green algal family Hydrodictyaceae (Chlorophyceae) and provide clues to the complex evolutionary history of plastid genomes in the green algal tree of life". American Journal of Botany. 105 (3): 315–329. doi:10.1002/ajb2.1066. PMID 29722901.


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