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Before turning to a career in law, Bailey was editor of the ''[[Biblical Recorder]]'', a newspaper for North Carolina [[Baptists]]. He was a [[United States Electoral College|presidential elector]] in [[1908 United States presidential election in North Carolina|1908]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015078229526&view=1up&seq=898&skin=2021|title=The National Cyclopædia of American Biography|publisher=James T. White & Company|year=1934|volume=D|location=New York, N.Y.|pages=440|language=en|via=[[HathiTrust]]}}</ref>
Before turning to a career in law, Bailey was editor of the ''[[Biblical Recorder]]'', a newspaper for North Carolina [[Baptists]]. He was a [[United States Electoral College|presidential elector]] in [[1908 United States presidential election in North Carolina|1908]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015078229526&view=1up&seq=898&skin=2021|title=The National Cyclopædia of American Biography|publisher=James T. White & Company|year=1934|volume=D|location=New York, N.Y.|pages=440|language=en|via=[[HathiTrust]]}}</ref>


Elected to the [[United States Senate]] in 1930, defeating longtime incumbent [[Furnifold McLendel Simmons]], Bailey earned a reputation as a conservative while in office. In 1937, he coauthored the bipartisan [[Conservative Manifesto]], a document criticizing President [[Franklin Roosevelt]]'s [[New Deal]] and proposing more conservative alternatives. Among other things, the Manifesto called for lower taxes and less spending.<ref>Kickler, Troy L. [http://www.northcarolinahistory.org/encyclopedia/12/entry The Conservative Manifesto]. ''The North Carolina History Project''.</ref>
Elected to the [[United States Senate]] in 1930, defeating longtime incumbent [[Furnifold McLendel Simmons]], Bailey earned a reputation as a conservative while in office. In 1937, he coauthored the bipartisan [[Conservative Manifesto]], a document criticizing President [[Franklin Roosevelt]]'s [[New Deal]] and proposing more conservative alternatives. Among other things, the Manifesto called for lower taxes and less spending.<ref>Kickler, Troy L. [http://www.northcarolinahistory.org/encyclopedia/12/entry The Conservative Manifesto] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303174051/http://www.northcarolinahistory.org/encyclopedia/12/entry |date=2016-03-03 }}. ''The North Carolina History Project''.</ref>


That same year, Bailey gave a rousing floor speech against President Roosevelt's [[Judicial Procedures Reform Bill of 1937|court-packing bill]], which convinced at least three freshman Republicans, thought by Majority Leader [[Joseph Taylor Robinson|Joe Robinson]] to be definite supporters, to oppose the measure.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Caro |first1=Robert |title=Master of the Senate |title-link=Master of the Senate|page=62}}</ref>
That same year, Bailey gave a rousing floor speech against President Roosevelt's [[Judicial Procedures Reform Bill of 1937|court-packing bill]], which convinced at least three freshman Republicans, thought by Majority Leader [[Joseph Taylor Robinson|Joe Robinson]] to be definite supporters, to oppose the measure.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Caro |first1=Robert |title=Master of the Senate |title-link=Master of the Senate|page=62}}</ref>
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{{Commons cat|Josiah Bailey}}
{{Commons cat|Josiah Bailey}}
{{CongBio|B000046}}
{{CongBio|B000046}}
*[http://www.northcarolinahistory.org/encyclopedia/12/entry The "Conservative Manifesto" from the North Carolina History Project]
*[http://www.northcarolinahistory.org/encyclopedia/12/entry The "Conservative Manifesto" from the North Carolina History Project] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303174051/http://www.northcarolinahistory.org/encyclopedia/12/entry |date=2016-03-03 }}
*{{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928060324/http://www.journal.biblicalrecorder.org/content/opinion/2005/11_07_2005/ed071105sitting.shtml |date=September 28, 2007 |title=''Biblical Recorder'' Column on Bailey }}
*{{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928060324/http://www.journal.biblicalrecorder.org/content/opinion/2005/11_07_2005/ed071105sitting.shtml |date=September 28, 2007 |title=''Biblical Recorder'' Column on Bailey }}
*"[http://archive.lewrockwell.com/orig7/kickler1.html Taking on FDR: Senator Josiah Bailey and the 1937 Conservative Manifesto]" by Troy Kickler, December 13, 2006
*"[http://archive.lewrockwell.com/orig7/kickler1.html Taking on FDR: Senator Josiah Bailey and the 1937 Conservative Manifesto]" by Troy Kickler, December 13, 2006

Revision as of 02:28, 6 December 2024

Josiah Bailey
United States Senator
from North Carolina
In office
March 4, 1931 – December 15, 1946
Preceded byF.M. Simmons
Succeeded byWilliam B. Umstead
Personal details
Born
Josiah William Bailey

(1873-09-14)September 14, 1873
Warrenton, North Carolina, U.S.
DiedDecember 15, 1946(1946-12-15) (aged 73)
Raleigh, North Carolina, U.S.
Political partyDemocratic
Alma materWake Forest College

Josiah William Bailey (September 14, 1873 – December 15, 1946) was an American politician who served as a U.S. senator from the state of North Carolina from 1931 to 1946.

Early life and education

Born in Warrenton, North Carolina, he grew up in Raleigh and graduated from Wake Forest College (now Wake Forest University).

Career

Before turning to a career in law, Bailey was editor of the Biblical Recorder, a newspaper for North Carolina Baptists. He was a presidential elector in 1908.[1]

Elected to the United States Senate in 1930, defeating longtime incumbent Furnifold McLendel Simmons, Bailey earned a reputation as a conservative while in office. In 1937, he coauthored the bipartisan Conservative Manifesto, a document criticizing President Franklin Roosevelt's New Deal and proposing more conservative alternatives. Among other things, the Manifesto called for lower taxes and less spending.[2]

That same year, Bailey gave a rousing floor speech against President Roosevelt's court-packing bill, which convinced at least three freshman Republicans, thought by Majority Leader Joe Robinson to be definite supporters, to oppose the measure.[3]

A segregationist and white supremacist, Bailey filibustered anti-lynching legislation in 1938.[4]

During his time in office, he served as chairman of the Committee on Claims and Committee on Commerce.

Death

Bailey died in office in 1946.

See also

References

  1. ^ The National Cyclopædia of American Biography. Vol. D. New York, N.Y.: James T. White & Company. 1934. p. 440 – via HathiTrust.
  2. ^ Kickler, Troy L. The Conservative Manifesto Archived 2016-03-03 at the Wayback Machine. The North Carolina History Project.
  3. ^ Caro, Robert. Master of the Senate. p. 62.
  4. ^ Beauchamp, Zack (October 9, 2013). How Racism Caused The Shutdown. ThinkProgress. Retrieved September 4, 2021.

Sources

  • Finley, Keith M. Delaying the Dream: Southern Senators and the Fight Against Civil Rights, 1938–1965 (Baton Rouge, LSU Press, 2008).

Further reading

  • Moore, John Robert. Senator Josiah William Bailey of North Carolina: A Political Biography. Durham: Duke University Press, 1968.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Josiah Bailey.
Party political offices
Preceded by Democratic nominee for U.S. Senator from North Carolina
(Class 2)
1930, 1936, 1942 		Succeeded by
U.S. Senate
Preceded by U.S. senator (Class 2) from North Carolina
1931–1946
Served alongside: Cameron A. Morrison, Robert Rice Reynolds, Clyde R. Hoey 		Succeeded by
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