Chapel Hill Conference: Difference between revisions
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{{Quote|text="I was surprised to find a whole day at the conference devoted to this question, and that ‘experts’ were confused. That is what comes from looking for conserved energy tensors, etc. instead of asking ‘can the waves do work?"}} |
{{Quote|text="I was surprised to find a whole day at the conference devoted to this question, and that ‘experts’ were confused. That is what comes from looking for conserved energy tensors, etc. instead of asking ‘can the waves do work?"}} |
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[[Felix Pirani]] presented new results on how to mathematically treat gravitational waves using the [[geodesic deviation]] introduced by [[John Lighton Synge]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite book | |
[[Felix Pirani]] presented new results on how to mathematically treat gravitational waves using the [[geodesic deviation]] introduced by [[John Lighton Synge]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last1=Goenner |first1=Hubert |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5mGZno8CvnQC&dq=Chapel+Hill+Conference+1957+gravitational+waves&pg=PA219 |title=The Expanding Worlds of General Relativity |last2=Renn |first2=Jürgen |last3=Ritter |first3=Jim |last4=Sauer |first4=Tilman |date=1998-12-01 |publisher=Springer Science & Business Media |isbn=978-0-8176-4060-6 |language=en}}</ref> He argued how two masses would move relative from each other from ripples in [[spacetime]].<ref name=":2" /> Based on Pirani's argument, Feynman suggested during the conference the [[sticky bead argument]] which intuitively demonstrated that gravitational waves must carry energy.<ref name="Preskill" /><ref>{{Cite book |last=Feynman |first=Richard |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AEtnDwAAQBAJ&dq=1957+chapel+hill+conference&pg=PT19 |title=Feynman Lectures On Gravitation |date=2018-05-04 |publisher=CRC Press |isbn=978-0-429-98248-4 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":2" /> A version of this argument was published by [[Hermann Bondi]] right after the conference.<ref name="Preskill" /> |
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== Many-worlds interpretation == |
== Many-worlds interpretation == |
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The relative state formulation, better known today as the [[many-worlds interpretation]] of quantum mechanics, was being developed by [[Hugh Everett III]], a student of Wheeler, who submitted an edited version of his thesis for the conference but did not attend.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Byrne |first=Peter |url=https:// |
The relative state formulation, better known today as the [[many-worlds interpretation]] of quantum mechanics, was being developed by [[Hugh Everett III]], a student of Wheeler, who submitted an edited version of his thesis for the conference but did not attend.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Byrne |first=Peter |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dqgqPjqIyJoC&dq=The+Many+Worlds+of+Hugh+Everett+III+chapel+hill&pg=PT278 |title=The Many Worlds of Hugh Everett III: Multiple Universes, Mutual Assured Destruction, and the Meltdown of a Nuclear Family |date=2012-12-13 |publisher=OUP Oxford |isbn=978-0-19-165522-7 |language=en}}</ref> The paper was well received by Bryce DeWitt.<ref name=":1" /> Wheeler and [[Charles W. Misner]] presented some of Everett's ideas near the end of the conference.<ref name=":1" /> Feynman publicly criticized the idea of an [[universal wavefunction]], suggested by Wheeler, saying<ref name=":1" /> |
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{{Quote|text="The concept of a 'universal wave function' has serious difficulties. This is so since the function must contain amplitudes for all possible worlds depending upon all quantum mechanical possibilities in the past and thus one is forced to believe in the equal reality of an infinity of possible worlds."}} |
{{Quote|text="The concept of a 'universal wave function' has serious difficulties. This is so since the function must contain amplitudes for all possible worlds depending upon all quantum mechanical possibilities in the past and thus one is forced to believe in the equal reality of an infinity of possible worlds."}} |
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== List of participants == |
== List of participants == |
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The list of participants according to DeWitt-Morette report is:<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |url=https://edition-open-sources.org/sources/5/index.html |title=The Role of Gravitation in Physics: Report from 1957 Chapel Hill Conference |date=2017 |publisher=Edition Open Access |editor-last=DeWitt |editor-first=Cécile M. |editor-last2=Dicke |editor-first2=Dean}}</ref>{{columns-list|colwidth=30em| |
The list of participants according to DeWitt-Morette report is:<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |url=https://edition-open-sources.org/sources/5/index.html |title=The Role of Gravitation in Physics: Report from 1957 Chapel Hill Conference |series=EOS – Sources |date=2017 |publisher=Edition Open Access |isbn=978-3-945561-29-4 |editor-last=DeWitt |editor-first=Cécile M. |editor-last2=Dicke |editor-first2=Dean}}</ref>{{columns-list|colwidth=30em| |
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* From United States: |
* From United States: |
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** [[James Leroy Anderson]] (born 1926) |
** [[James Leroy Anderson]] (born 1926) |
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Revision as of 00:43, 17 December 2024
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The Conference on the Role of Gravitation in Physics, better known as the Chapel Hill Conference, was an invitation-only scientific conference held at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States from January 18 to January 23, 1957. It discussed topics in general relativity, including the possible existence of gravitational waves and ways to find a theory of quantum gravity. It was also one of the first conferences were the many-worlds interpretation was discussed.
Organization
The conference was organized by the Institute of Field Physics established a year before the conference in the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. The institute was financed by industrialist Agnew Hunter Bahnson.[1]
The conference was organized by by physicists Cécile DeWitt-Morette and Bryce DeWitt. Aside from the DeWitts, in the steering comittee there was also Frederik Belinfante, Peter Bergmann, Freeman Dyson and John Archibald Wheeler.[1]
The conference was divided into 4 sessions on unquantized general relativity, a single session on cosmology, and 3 sessions on quantum gravity.[1]
The Chapel Hill Conference succeeded the 1955 Bern Conference held in the 50th anniversary of general relativity, the first ever conference focused entirely on the topic of gravitation. The Bern Conference was referred popularly as the GR0, while the Chapel Hill Conference was considered the GR1. Historian Dean Rickles has suggested that the Chapel Hill Conference did for general relativity what the 1947 Shelter Island Conference did for quantum field theory in reviving the field with a younger generation of physicists.[1]
Gravitational waves
During the conference, the nature of gravitational waves and their ability to transfer energy was discussed. Richard Feynman remembers [2]
"I was surprised to find a whole day at the conference devoted to this question, and that ‘experts’ were confused. That is what comes from looking for conserved energy tensors, etc. instead of asking ‘can the waves do work?"
Felix Pirani presented new results on how to mathematically treat gravitational waves using the geodesic deviation introduced by John Lighton Synge.[3] He argued how two masses would move relative from each other from ripples in spacetime.[3] Based on Pirani's argument, Feynman suggested during the conference the sticky bead argument which intuitively demonstrated that gravitational waves must carry energy.[2][4][3] A version of this argument was published by Hermann Bondi right after the conference.[2]
Many-worlds interpretation
The relative state formulation, better known today as the many-worlds interpretation of quantum mechanics, was being developed by Hugh Everett III, a student of Wheeler, who submitted an edited version of his thesis for the conference but did not attend.[5] The paper was well received by Bryce DeWitt.[5] Wheeler and Charles W. Misner presented some of Everett's ideas near the end of the conference.[5] Feynman publicly criticized the idea of an universal wavefunction, suggested by Wheeler, saying[5]
"The concept of a 'universal wave function' has serious difficulties. This is so since the function must contain amplitudes for all possible worlds depending upon all quantum mechanical possibilities in the past and thus one is forced to believe in the equal reality of an infinity of possible worlds."
Everett's paper was published in the proceedings of the conference.[5]
Wormholes
During the conference, Wheeler coined the term wormhole.[6]
List of participants
The list of participants according to DeWitt-Morette report is:[7]
- From United States:
- James Leroy Anderson (born 1926)
- Valentine Bargmann
- Robert W. Bass (born 1930)
- Frederik Belinfante
- Peter Bergmann
- Dieter R. Brill (born 1933)
- Michael J. Buckingham (born 1927)
- William R. Davis (PhD in 1956)
- Bryce DeWitt
- Cécile DeWitt-Morette
- Robert H. Dicke
- Frederick J. Ernst (born 1932)
- Richard Feynman
- Thomas Gold
- Joshua N. Goldberg
- Arthur Lilley (born 1928)
- Richard W. Lindquist (PhD in 1962)
- Charles W. Misner
- Raymond Mjolsness (PhD in 1963)
- Ezra T. Newman
- Alfred Schild
- Ralph S. Schiller
- Joseph Weber
- John Archibald Wheeler
- Louis Witten
- From United Kingdom:
- From France:
- From Germany:
- From Japan:
- From Denmark:
- Stanley Deser (born 1931)
- From Sweden
- From Turkey
Nathan Rosen was invited but did not participate.
References
- ^ a b c d Rickles, Dean (2011-02-14), "The Chapel Hill Conference in Context", The Role of Gravitation in Physics: Report from the 1957 Chapel Hill Conference, EOS – Sources, Berlin: Max-Planck-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften, ISBN 978-3-945561-29-4, retrieved 2024-12-16
- ^ a b c Preskill, John and Kip S. Thorne. Foreword to Feynman Lectures On Gravitation. Feynman et al. (Westview Press; 1st ed. (June 20, 2002) p. xxv–xxvi.Link PDF (page 17-18)
- ^ a b c Goenner, Hubert; Renn, Jürgen; Ritter, Jim; Sauer, Tilman (1998-12-01). The Expanding Worlds of General Relativity. Springer Science & Business Media. ISBN 978-0-8176-4060-6.
- ^ Feynman, Richard (2018-05-04). Feynman Lectures On Gravitation. CRC Press. ISBN 978-0-429-98248-4.
- ^ a b c d e Byrne, Peter (2012-12-13). The Many Worlds of Hugh Everett III: Multiple Universes, Mutual Assured Destruction, and the Meltdown of a Nuclear Family. OUP Oxford. ISBN 978-0-19-165522-7.
- ^ "Section III". Department of Physics and Astronomy. Retrieved 2024-12-16.
- ^ DeWitt, Cécile M.; Dicke, Dean, eds. (2017). The Role of Gravitation in Physics: Report from 1957 Chapel Hill Conference. EOS – Sources. Edition Open Access. ISBN 978-3-945561-29-4.