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==Class and community==
==Class and community==
For the upper classes in [[Bengal]], family surnames date from the arrival of the British in the eighteenth century or earlier. [[Gregory Clark (economist)|Gregory Clark]] found Mandal as one of the common surnames among petitioners to the [[East India Company]] courts.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Iversen |first1=Vegard |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=E1lVEAAAQBAJ |title=Social Mobility in Developing Countries: Concepts, Methods, and Determinants |last2=Krishna |first2=Anirudh |last3=Sen |first3=Kunal |date=6 January 2022 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-289685-8 |pages=289 |language=en}}</ref> Sudarshana Bhaumik noted Mandal was one of the titles among [[Aguri (caste)|Aguri]] feudal lords.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bhaumik |first=Sudarshana |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bKh4EAAAQBAJ |title=The Changing World of Caste and Hierarchy in Bengal: Depiction from the Mangalkavyas c. 1700–1931 |date=26 August 2022 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=978-1-000-64143-1 |pages=48}}</ref> In some parts of Bengal, especially in [[Bankura district|Bankura]], few [[Bengali Brahmin|Brahmins]] use Mondal surname.<ref name="Bhowmik">{{Cite book |last=Khagendranath Bhowmik |url=http://archive.org/details/padabir-utpotti-o-kromobikash-by-khagendranath-bhowmik |title=পদবীর উৎপত্তি ও ক্রমবিকাশের ইতিহাস ।। খগেন্দ্রনাথ ভৌমিক |date=1982 |pages=Division D(ঘ), 23}}</ref> Lokeshwar Basu noticed Mandal surname among a section of [[Bengali Kayastha|Kayastha]] and [[Suvarna Banik]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Basu |first=Lokeśvara |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7i2vmXzAay0C |title=Āmādera padabīra itihāsa |date=1981 |publisher=Ānanda |isbn=978-81-7066-601-1 |pages=69, 82 |language=bn}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=17 September 2001 |title=Baniks of Bengal |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/baniks-of-bengal/articleshow/1226860775.cms |access-date=24 April 2024 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> Mondal surname is commonly found among trading and peasant communities like [[Baishya Saha]], [[Mahishya]], [[Sadgop]], [[Tilli|Tili]] and some [[Other Backward Class|OBC]] castes.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Bhowmick |first=P. K. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AsUJAQAAIAAJ |title=Socio-cultural Profile of Frontier Bengal |date=1976 |publisher=Punthi Pustak |pages=30 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":2" /> Mandal is also a [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Castes]] surname, many from which has now become "social elite", according to Clark.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Clark |first=Gregory |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p22YDwAAQBAJ |title=The Son Also Rises: Surnames and the History of Social Mobility |date=25 August 2015 |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-16837-1 |pages=149, 164 |language=en}}</ref> It is also in vogue among Bengali [[Muslims]] and some [[Bengali Christians|Christians]].<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Jha |first1=Sadan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WagqEAAAQBAJ |title=Neighbourhoods in Urban India: In Between Home and the City |last2=Pathak |first2=Dev Nath |last3=Das |first3=Amiya Kumar |date=30 April 2021 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |isbn=978-93-90252-64-0 |language=en}}</ref>
For the upper classes in [[Bengal]], family surnames date from the arrival of the British in the eighteenth century or earlier. [[Gregory Clark (economist)|Gregory Clark]] found Mandal as one of the common surnames among petitioners to the [[East India Company]] courts.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Iversen |first1=Vegard |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=E1lVEAAAQBAJ |title=Social Mobility in Developing Countries: Concepts, Methods, and Determinants |last2=Krishna |first2=Anirudh |last3=Sen |first3=Kunal |date=6 January 2022 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-289685-8 |pages=289 |language=en}}</ref> Sudarshana Bhaumik noted Mandal was one of the titles among [[Aguri (caste)|Aguri]] feudal lords.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bhaumik |first=Sudarshana |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bKh4EAAAQBAJ |title=The Changing World of Caste and Hierarchy in Bengal: Depiction from the Mangalkavyas c. 1700–1931 |date=26 August 2022 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=978-1-000-64143-1 |pages=48}}</ref> In some parts of Bengal, especially in [[Bankura district|Bankura]], few [[Bengali Brahmin|Brahmins]] use Mondal surname.<ref name="Bhowmik">{{Cite book |last=Khagendranath Bhowmik |url=http://archive.org/details/padabir-utpotti-o-kromobikash-by-khagendranath-bhowmik |title=পদবীর উৎপত্তি ও ক্রমবিকাশের ইতিহাস ।। খগেন্দ্রনাথ ভৌমিক |date=1982 |pages=Division D(ঘ), 23}}</ref> Lokeshwar Basu noticed Mandal surname among a section of [[Bengali Kayastha|Kayastha]] and [[Suvarna Banik]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Basu |first=Lokeśvara |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7i2vmXzAay0C |title=Āmādera padabīra itihāsa |date=1981 |publisher=Ānanda |isbn=978-81-7066-601-1 |pages=69, 82 |language=bn}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=17 September 2001 |title=Baniks of Bengal |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/baniks-of-bengal/articleshow/1226860775.cms |access-date=24 April 2024 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> Mondal surname is commonly found among trading and peasant communities like [[Baishya Saha]], [[Mahishya]], [[Sadgop]], [[Tilli|Tili]] and some [[Other Backward Class|OBC]] castes.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Bhowmick |first=P. K. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AsUJAQAAIAAJ |title=Socio-cultural Profile of Frontier Bengal |date=1976 |publisher=Punthi Pustak |pages=30 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":2" /> Mandal is common among some brahmins from South bengal (As Dakshin Rarh Brahmins). Mondal is sometimes a [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Castes]] surname, many from which has now become "social elite", according to Clark.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Clark |first=Gregory |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p22YDwAAQBAJ |title=The Son Also Rises: Surnames and the History of Social Mobility |date=25 August 2015 |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-16837-1 |pages=149, 164 |language=en}}</ref> It is also in vogue among Bengali [[Muslims]] and some [[Bengali Christians|Christians]].<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Jha |first1=Sadan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WagqEAAAQBAJ |title=Neighbourhoods in Urban India: In Between Home and the City |last2=Pathak |first2=Dev Nath |last3=Das |first3=Amiya Kumar |date=30 April 2021 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |isbn=978-93-90252-64-0 |language=en}}</ref>


In Bihar, [[Dhanuk]], [[Gangota]], [[Kurmi]], [[Kushwaha]] and [[Yadav]] communities,<ref>{{cite book |last1=Bose |first1=Ruma |title=Walking with Pilgrims: The Kanwar Pilgrimage of Bihar, Jharkhand and the Terai of Nepal |date=23 September 2019 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-000-73250-4 |page=164 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DUuxDwAAQBAJ&dq=mandal+surname+dhanuk&pg=PT164}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Sinha |first1=Surajit |title=Anthropology of Weaker Sections |date=1993 |publisher=Concept Publishing Company |isbn=978-81-7022-491-4 |pages=206, 207 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pjVdJMBeXU8C&dq=mandal+surname+kurmi+yadav&pg=PA207 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Somanaboina |first1=Simhadri |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H5tIEAAAQBAJ |title=The Routledge Handbook of the Other Backward Classes in India: Thought, Movements and Development |last2=Ramagoud |first2=Akhileshwari |date=15 November 2021 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=978-1-000-46280-7 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.prabhatkhabar.com/state/bihar/patna/jdu-mla-gopal-mandal-latest-news-of-jatigat-janganana-and-tarkishore-prasad-news-skt|website=prabhatkhabar.com|title=
In Bihar, [[Dhanuk]], [[Gangota]], [[Kurmi]], [[Kushwaha]] and [[Yadav]] communities,<ref>{{cite book |last1=Bose |first1=Ruma |title=Walking with Pilgrims: The Kanwar Pilgrimage of Bihar, Jharkhand and the Terai of Nepal |date=23 September 2019 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-000-73250-4 |page=164 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DUuxDwAAQBAJ&dq=mandal+surname+dhanuk&pg=PT164}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Sinha |first1=Surajit |title=Anthropology of Weaker Sections |date=1993 |publisher=Concept Publishing Company |isbn=978-81-7022-491-4 |pages=206, 207 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pjVdJMBeXU8C&dq=mandal+surname+kurmi+yadav&pg=PA207 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Somanaboina |first1=Simhadri |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H5tIEAAAQBAJ |title=The Routledge Handbook of the Other Backward Classes in India: Thought, Movements and Development |last2=Ramagoud |first2=Akhileshwari |date=15 November 2021 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=978-1-000-46280-7 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.prabhatkhabar.com/state/bihar/patna/jdu-mla-gopal-mandal-latest-news-of-jatigat-janganana-and-tarkishore-prasad-news-skt|website=prabhatkhabar.com|title=
जातिगत जनगणना के बाद मंत्री बनने का दावा ठोकेंगे जदयू विधायक|date=28 August 2021 |accessdate=3 September 2023}}</ref> and in Orissa some [[Karan (caste)|Karan]] use this surname.<ref name=":0" />
जातिगत जनगणना के बाद मंत्री बनने का दावा ठोकेंगे जदयू विधायक|date=28 August 2021 |accessdate=3 September 2023}}</ref> and in Orissa some [[Karan (caste)|Karan]] use this surname.<ref name=":0" /> Major Sect of brahmins from Orissa also use this surname.


==Notable people==
==Notable people==

Revision as of 20:15, 22 December 2024

Not to be confused with the surnames Mandala and Mondale.

Mandal
Pronunciationman-dal
mon-dol
Origin
MeaningCircle
Region of origin Bangladesh
 India
   Nepal
Other names
Variant form(s)Mondal, Mondol

Mandal , also spelled Mondal, is an honorific title that was used for local chieftains in present-day Bangladesh, India and Nepal. The title was usually hereditary and so, in modern times, the term is a common surname for both males and females.

Meaning

The word "mandal" has various meanings depending upon the context, such as circle, orb, disc, ring, sphere, globe, orbit, province, assemblage or zone.[1] A mandal was an administrative circle under a district or revenue division, similar to a tehsil, in many parts of South Asia. Originally this honorary title was given to the Administrator of provincial government. 'Mukhiya' or headman of a village was also conferred with this title.[2] Sometimes this designation meant the person who as a representative of the Zamindar used to distribute land and also collect the revenue. [3]

Class and community

For the upper classes in Bengal, family surnames date from the arrival of the British in the eighteenth century or earlier. Gregory Clark found Mandal as one of the common surnames among petitioners to the East India Company courts.[4] Sudarshana Bhaumik noted Mandal was one of the titles among Aguri feudal lords.[5] In some parts of Bengal, especially in Bankura, few Brahmins use Mondal surname.[6] Lokeshwar Basu noticed Mandal surname among a section of Kayastha and Suvarna Banik.[7][8] Mondal surname is commonly found among trading and peasant communities like Baishya Saha, Mahishya, Sadgop, Tili and some OBC castes.[9][7] Mandal is common among some brahmins from South bengal (As Dakshin Rarh Brahmins). Mondal is sometimes a Scheduled Castes surname, many from which has now become "social elite", according to Clark.[10] It is also in vogue among Bengali Muslims and some Christians.[11]

In Bihar, Dhanuk, Gangota, Kurmi, Kushwaha and Yadav communities,[12][13][14][15] and in Orissa some Karan use this surname.[9] Major Sect of brahmins from Orissa also use this surname.

Notable people

Families

Fictional characters

See also

References

  1. ^ "মন্ডল - English Meaning of 'মন্ডল' at english-bangla.com | মন্ডল শব্দের ইংরেজি অর্থ". www.english-bangla.com. Retrieved 22 September 2021.
  2. ^ Saha, Prabhat Kumar (1995). Some Aspects of Malla Rule in Bishnupur, 1590-1806 A.D. Ratnabali. p. 109.
  3. ^ "Bengali Surnames" (PDF).
  4. ^ Iversen, Vegard; Krishna, Anirudh; Sen, Kunal (6 January 2022). Social Mobility in Developing Countries: Concepts, Methods, and Determinants. Oxford University Press. p. 289. ISBN 978-0-19-289685-8.
  5. ^ Bhaumik, Sudarshana (26 August 2022). The Changing World of Caste and Hierarchy in Bengal: Depiction from the Mangalkavyas c. 1700–1931. Taylor & Francis. p. 48. ISBN 978-1-000-64143-1.
  6. ^ Khagendranath Bhowmik (1982). পদবীর উৎপত্তি ও ক্রমবিকাশের ইতিহাস ।। খগেন্দ্রনাথ ভৌমিক. pp. Division D(ঘ), 23.
  7. ^ a b Basu, Lokeśvara (1981). Āmādera padabīra itihāsa (in Bengali). Ānanda. pp. 69, 82. ISBN 978-81-7066-601-1.
  8. ^ "Baniks of Bengal". The Times of India. 17 September 2001. ISSN 0971-8257. Retrieved 24 April 2024.
  9. ^ a b Bhowmick, P. K. (1976). Socio-cultural Profile of Frontier Bengal. Punthi Pustak. p. 30.
  10. ^ Clark, Gregory (25 August 2015). The Son Also Rises: Surnames and the History of Social Mobility. Princeton University Press. pp. 149, 164. ISBN 978-0-691-16837-1.
  11. ^ Jha, Sadan; Pathak, Dev Nath; Das, Amiya Kumar (30 April 2021). Neighbourhoods in Urban India: In Between Home and the City. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-93-90252-64-0.
  12. ^ Bose, Ruma (23 September 2019). Walking with Pilgrims: The Kanwar Pilgrimage of Bihar, Jharkhand and the Terai of Nepal. Routledge. p. 164. ISBN 978-1-000-73250-4.
  13. ^ Sinha, Surajit (1993). Anthropology of Weaker Sections. Concept Publishing Company. pp. 206, 207. ISBN 978-81-7022-491-4.
  14. ^ Somanaboina, Simhadri; Ramagoud, Akhileshwari (15 November 2021). The Routledge Handbook of the Other Backward Classes in India: Thought, Movements and Development. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-1-000-46280-7.
  15. ^ "जातिगत जनगणना के बाद मंत्री बनने का दावा ठोकेंगे जदयू विधायक". prabhatkhabar.com. 28 August 2021. Retrieved 3 September 2023.
  16. ^ "Smt. Soma Mondal | SAIL". sail.co.in. Retrieved 23 September 2021.
  17. ^ "Soma Mondal scripts history, assumes charge as 1st female Chairperson of SAIL". psuwatch.com. 2 January 2021. Retrieved 23 September 2021.
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