Pa (Mongolic): Difference between revisions

Pa
Pa
The Mongolian script
Mongolian vowels
Mongolian consonants
Foreign consonants
	Mongolian script multigraphs;
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Pa is a letter of related and vertically oriented alphabets used to write Mongolic and Tungusic languages.^[1]^{: 549–551}

Mongolian language

Letter^[2]^{: 12, 15, 17, 23}^[3]^: 546^[4]^{: 212–213}
p	Transliteration^{[note 1]}
ᠫ‍	Initial
‍ᠫ‍	Medial (syllable-initial)
—	Medial (syllable-final)
(‍ᠫ)	Final^{[note 2]}

C-V syllables^[6]^: 46
pa, pe	pi	po, pu	pö, pü	Transliteration
ᠫᠠ	ᠫᠢ	ᠫᠣ	ᠫᠥ᠋	Alone
ᠫᠠ‍	ᠫᠢ‍	ᠫᠣ‍	ᠫᠥ‍	Initial
‍ᠫᠠ‍	‍ᠫᠢ‍	‍ᠫᠣ‍		Medial
‍ᠫᠠ	‍ᠫᠢ	‍ᠫᠣ		Final

Transcribes Chakhar /p/;^[7]^[8] Khalkha /pʰ/.^[9]^: 40–42 Transliterated into Cyrillic with the letter п.^[6]^[5]
Only at the beginning of Mongolian words (although words with an initial p tend to be foreign).^[10]^: 5^[11]^: 27^[7]
Galik letter, derived from Mongolian b.^[12]^: 35
Produced with P using the Windows Mongolian keyboard layout.^[13]
In the Mongolian Unicode block, p comes after b and before q/k.

Clear Script

Xibe language

Manchu language

Notes

^ Scholarly transliteration.^[5]
^ Not found in native Mongolian words.

References

^ "The Unicode Standard, Version 14.0 – Core Specification Chapter 13: South and Central Asia-II, Other Modern Scripts" (PDF). www.unicode.org. Retrieved 2022-05-16.
^ Poppe, Nicholas (1974). Grammar of Written Mongolian. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. ISBN 978-3-447-00684-2.
^ Daniels, Peter T.; Bright, William (1996). The World's Writing Systems. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-507993-7.
^ Bat-Ireedui, Jantsangiyn; Sanders, Alan J. K. (2015-08-14). Colloquial Mongolian: The Complete Course for Beginners. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-317-30598-9.
^ ^a ^b "Mongolian transliterations" (PDF). Institute of the Estonian Language. 2006-05-06.
^ ^a ^b Skorodumova, L. G. (2000). Vvedenie v staropismenny mongolskiy yazyk Введение в старописьменный монгольский язык (PDF) (in Russian). Muravey-Gayd. ISBN 5-8463-0015-4.
^ ^a ^b "Mongolian Traditional Script". Chinese, Japanese, Vietnamese, and Mongolian Language Site. Retrieved 2022-05-16.
^ "Writing – Study Mongolian". Study Mongolian. August 2013. Retrieved 2022-05-16.
^ Svantesson, Jan-Olof; Tsendina, Anna; Karlsson, Anastasia; Franzen, Vivan (2005-02-10). The Phonology of Mongolian. OUP Oxford. ISBN 978-0-19-151461-6.
^ "Mongolian / ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ Moŋġol" (PDF). Institute of the Estonian Language. 2015-12-27.
^ Janhunen, Juha A. (2012). Mongolian. John Benjamins Publishing. ISBN 978-90-272-3820-7.
^ Janhunen, Juha (2006-01-27). The Mongolic Languages. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-135-79690-7.
^ jowilco. "Windows keyboard layouts - Globalization". Microsoft Docs. Retrieved 2022-05-16.

[6] Scholarly transliteration.^[5]

[7] Not found in native Mongolian words.

[1] "The Unicode Standard, Version 14.0 – Core Specification Chapter 13: South and Central Asia-II, Other Modern Scripts" (PDF). www.unicode.org. Retrieved 2022-05-16.

[Poppe1974-2] Poppe, Nicholas (1974). Grammar of Written Mongolian. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. ISBN 978-3-447-00684-2.

[Daniels1996-3] Daniels, Peter T.; Bright, William (1996). The World's Writing Systems. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-507993-7.

[Sanders2015-4] Bat-Ireedui, Jantsangiyn; Sanders, Alan J. K. (2015-08-14). Colloquial Mongolian: The Complete Course for Beginners. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-317-30598-9.

[EKIMn2006-5] "Mongolian transliterations" (PDF). Institute of the Estonian Language. 2006-05-06.

[Skorodumova2000-8] Skorodumova, L. G. (2000). Vvedenie v staropismenny mongolskiy yazyk Введение в старописьменный монгольский язык (PDF) (in Russian). Muravey-Gayd. ISBN 5-8463-0015-4.

[CJVLang2013-9] "Mongolian Traditional Script". Chinese, Japanese, Vietnamese, and Mongolian Language Site. Retrieved 2022-05-16.

[StudyMn2013-10] "Writing – Study Mongolian". Study Mongolian. August 2013. Retrieved 2022-05-16.

[Svantesson2005-11] Svantesson, Jan-Olof; Tsendina, Anna; Karlsson, Anastasia; Franzen, Vivan (2005-02-10). The Phonology of Mongolian. OUP Oxford. ISBN 978-0-19-151461-6.

[EKIMn2015-12] "Mongolian / ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ Moŋġol" (PDF). Institute of the Estonian Language. 2015-12-27.

[Janhunen2012-13] Janhunen, Juha A. (2012). Mongolian. John Benjamins Publishing. ISBN 978-90-272-3820-7.

[Janhunen2006-14] Janhunen, Juha (2006-01-27). The Mongolic Languages. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-135-79690-7.

[15] wilco. "Windows keyboard layouts - Globalization". Microsoft Docs. Retrieved 2022-05-16.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[note 1]

[note 2]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[5]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

@@ Line 60: / Line 60: @@
 ! style="text-align: left" |Final
 |}
-* Transcribes [[Chakhar Mongolian#Phonology|Chakhar]] {{IPAslink|p}};<ref name="CJVLang2013">{{Cite web |title=Mongolian Traditional Script |url=http://www.cjvlang.com/Writing/writmongol/index.html |access-date=2022-05-16 |website=Chinese, Japanese, Vietnamese, and Mongolian Language Site}}</ref><ref name="StudyMn2013">{{Cite web |title=Writing – Study Mongolian |url=http://www.studymongolian.net/lessons/basics/writing/ |access-date=2022-05-16 |website=Study Mongolian |date=August 2013 |language=en-US}}</ref> [[Mongolian language#Phonology|Khalkha]] {{IPAslink|pʰ}}.<ref name="Svantesson2005">{{Cite book |last1=Svantesson |first1=Jan-Olof |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hQVREAAAQBAJ |title=The Phonology of Mongolian |last2=Tsendina |first2=Anna |last3=Karlsson |first3=Anastasia |last4=Franzen |first4=Vivan |date=2005-02-10 |publisher=OUP Oxford |isbn=978-0-19-151461-6 |language=en}}</ref>{{Rp|pages=40–42}} Transliterated into Cyrillic with the letter {{Transliteration|Mong|[[Pe (Cyrillic)|п]]}}.<ref name="Skorodumova2000" /><ref name="EKIMn2006" />
+* Transcribes [[Chakhar Mongolian#Phonology|Chakhar]] {{IPAslink|p}};<ref name="CJVLang2013">{{Cite web |title=Mongolian Traditional Script |url=http://www.cjvlang.com/Writing/writmongol/index.html |access-date=2022-05-16 |website=Chinese, Japanese, Vietnamese, and Mongolian Language Site}}</ref><ref name="StudyMn2013">{{Cite web |title=Writing – Study Mongolian |url=http://www.studymongolian.net/lessons/basics/writing/ |access-date=2022-05-16 |website=Study Mongolian |date=August 2013 |language=en-US}}</ref> [[Mongolian language#Phonology|Khalkha]] {{IPAslink|pʰ}}.<ref name="Svantesson2005">{{Cite book |last1=Svantesson |first1=Jan-Olof |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hQVREAAAQBAJ |title=The Phonology of Mongolian |last2=Tsendina |first2=Anna |last3=Karlsson |first3=Anastasia |last4=Franzen |first4=Vivan |date=2005-02-10 |publisher=OUP Oxford |isbn=978-0-19-151461-6 |language=en}}</ref>{{Rp|pages=40–42}} Transliterated into Cyrillic with the letter {{Script|Cyrl|[[Pe (Cyrillic)|п]]}}.<ref name="Skorodumova2000" /><ref name="EKIMn2006" />
 * Only at the beginning of Mongolian words (although words with an initial ''{{Transliteration|Mong|p}}'' tend to be foreign).<ref name="EKIMn2015">{{Cite web |url=https://www.eki.ee/knab/lat/kblcmg2.pdf |title=Mongolian / ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ Moŋġol |website=Institute of the Estonian Language |date=2015-12-27}}</ref>{{Rp|page=5}}<ref name="Janhunen2012">{{Cite book |last=Janhunen |first=Juha A. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SAlwcg9ioPMC |title=Mongolian |year=2012 |publisher=John Benjamins Publishing |isbn=978-90-272-3820-7 |language=en}}</ref>{{Rp|page=27}}<ref name="CJVLang2013" />
 * [[Galik alphabet|Galik]] letter, derived from Mongolian ''{{Transliteration|Mong|[[Ba (Mongolic)#Mongolian language|b]]}}''.<ref name="Janhunen2006">{{Cite book |last=Janhunen |first=Juha |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DuCRAgAAQBAJ |title=The Mongolic Languages |date=2006-01-27 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-135-79690-7 |language=en}}</ref>{{Rp|page=35}}