Edward Acton (Royal Navy officer): Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Royal Navy officer (died 1707)}} |
{{Short description|Royal Navy officer (died 1707)}} |
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'''Edward Acton''' (died 1707) was a [[Captain (Royal Navy)|captain]] in the [[Royal Navy]], distinguished for services in the reign of [[Anne, Queen of Great Britain|Queen Anne]]. |
'''Edward Acton''' (died 2 May 1707) was a [[Captain (Royal Navy)|captain]] in the [[Royal Navy]], distinguished for services in the reign of [[Anne, Queen of Great Britain|Queen Anne]]. |
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==Life== |
==Life== |
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Acton was born in about 1673, the illegitimate son of Mary Acton (née Weaver), widow of William Acton of [[Buildwas]], Shropshire (son of [[Sir Edward Acton, 1st Baronet]]).<ref>{{cite book |first=Gregory |last=King |title=Staffordshire Pedigrees|date=1912 |location= London |publisher=Harleian Society |url=https://archive.org/details/StaffordshirePedigreesBasedOnTheVisitationOfThatCountyMadeByWilliam/page/n183/mode/2up|page=172}}</ref> He joined the navy as a volunteer aboard {{HMS|Diamond|1652| |
Acton was born in about 1673, the illegitimate son of Mary Acton (née Weaver), widow of William Acton of [[Buildwas]], Shropshire (son of [[Sir Edward Acton, 1st Baronet]]).<ref>{{cite book |first=Gregory |last=King |title=Staffordshire Pedigrees|date=1912 |location= London |publisher=Harleian Society |url=https://archive.org/details/StaffordshirePedigreesBasedOnTheVisitationOfThatCountyMadeByWilliam/page/n183/mode/2up|page=172}}</ref> He joined the navy as a volunteer aboard the {{HMS|Diamond|1652|2}} in September 1691, was a [[Lieutenant (Royal Navy)|Lieutenant]] on the {{HMS|Advice|1650|2}} in May 1693 and succeeded to command that vessel following the death of the previous captain on 7 October 1694.<ref name=odnb>{{Cite ODNB|title=Acton, Edward|first=Peter |last=Le Fevre |doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/72}}</ref> |
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He served at [[Kinsale Dockyard|Kinsale]] in September 1695, before sailing for the East Indies in December that year. Upon his return from this voyage in November 1697, he was suspended from duty due to alleged victualling irregularities and only reinstated three years later on 11 January 1700.<ref name=odnb/> He was given command of the {{HMS|Dolphin|1690|2}}, the {{HMS|Lyme|1695|2}} a year later, and the {{HMS|Bristol|1653|2}} in May 1701.<ref name=three>{{cite web |title=Edward Acton (d.1707) |url=https://threedecks.org/index.php?display_type=show_crewman&id=1058 |website=Three Decks}}</ref> |
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In 1703 Acton had Captain [[Richard Kirkby (Royal Navy officer)|Richard Kirkby]] and Captain [[Cooper Wade]] as prisoners as he escorted them back to England to be executed. They had been found guilty of failing to support Vice-Admiral [[John Benbow]].<ref name=odnb/> |
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It was as captain of this last vessel that he sailed for the West Indies in 1702, to join the forces commanded by Admiral [[John Benbow]]. The following spring he was back, carrying two other captains, [[Richard Kirkby (Royal Navy officer)|Richard Kirkby]] and [[Cooper Wade]], who had been convicted of failing to follow Benbow's orders in his final engagement. Kirkby was [[Execution by firing squad|executed by firing squad]] on the deck of the ''Bristol'' in [[Plymouth Sound]] on 16 April 1703, Acton having witnessed his will and sat up with him the night before.<ref name=odnb/> |
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In Sir [[George Rooke]]'s vigorous and intrepid attack of [[Gibraltar]], he commanded {{HMS|Kingston|1697|6}}, one of the ships at the [[Capture of Gibraltar]].<ref name=ngb>{{Cite Newgenbio |title=Acton, Edward |volume=1 |page=81}}</ref> |
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In January 1704 Acton was given command of the {{HMS|Kingston|1697|2}}, and sailed for the Mediterranean under the command of Sir [[George Rooke]]. In August 1704, he took part in the [[Capture of Gibraltar]] and in the [[Battle of Málaga (1704)|Battle of Málaga]].<ref name=ngb>{{Cite Newgenbio |title=Acton, Edward |volume=1 |page=81}}</ref> ''Kingston'' lost three officers and sixty crew killed and wounded,<ref name="bn">{{cite book|last=Charnock|authorlink=John Charnock|first=John|title=Biographia Navalis |volume=3|date=1795|publisher=R. Faulder|location=London|pages=60–61 |url=https://archive.org/details/biographianaval03chargoog/page/n67/mode/2up?q=acton}}</ref> before having to drop out of the line having exhausted her ammunition. For this he was [[Court-martial|court martialled]], but fully acquitted.<ref name=dnb>{{cite DNB|wstitle=Acton, Edward|first=John Knox |last=Laughton|authorlink=John Knox Laughton|volume=1|page=66}}</ref> |
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Under the same chief, Acton took part in the [[Battle of Málaga (1704)|Battle of Málaga]] (1704); but aspersions had been cast upon his bravery. Fortunately, however, for Acton, and others who underwent the same ordeal, a [[court martial]] silenced slander and exposed the fabrications. He was fully and honourably acquitted.<ref name=ngb/> |
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In December 1704, Acton was given command of the {{HMS|Bedford|1698|2}}, and took part in the [[battle of Cabrita Point]], the relief of the [[Twelfth siege of Gibraltar|siege of Gibraltar]] and the [[Siege of Barcelona (1705)|capture of Barcelona]]. In January 1706 he moved to command the {{HMS|Grafton|1679|2}} and took part in the capture of [[Alicante]]. He was at [[ibiza]], [[Minorca]] and [[Majorca]] (where he was sent ashore as a hostage during negotiations), before returning to England with Leake in October 1706.<ref name=odnb/> |
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In 1706 he took command of {{HMS|Grafton}} which was refitted the following year. Whilst part of a larger battle and while escorting other ships his ship was engaged by two French ships under the command of [[Claude de Forbin]] off [[Dungeness (headland)|Dungeness]]. Acton was killed.<ref name=odnb/> |
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A newly refitted ''Grafton'' left [[The Downs (ship anchorage)|the Downs]] on 1 May 1707 alongside the {{HMS|Royal Oak|1674|2}} and the {{HMS|Hampton Court|1678|2}} escorting a convoy of merchant ships bound for [[Lisbon]] and the [[West Indies]]. They ran into a much stronger French force under [[Claude de Forbin]] off [[Dungeness (headland)|Dungeness]], thus beginning the [[Action of 2 May 1707]]. Acton was killed in action and his ship was captured.<ref name=odnb/> |
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==References== |
==References== |
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Revision as of 19:24, 6 January 2025
Edward Acton (died 2 May 1707) was a captain in the Royal Navy, distinguished for services in the reign of Queen Anne.
Life
Acton was born in about 1673, the illegitimate son of Mary Acton (née Weaver), widow of William Acton of Buildwas, Shropshire (son of Sir Edward Acton, 1st Baronet).[1] He joined the navy as a volunteer aboard the Diamond in September 1691, was a Lieutenant on the Advice in May 1693 and succeeded to command that vessel following the death of the previous captain on 7 October 1694.[2]
He served at Kinsale in September 1695, before sailing for the East Indies in December that year. Upon his return from this voyage in November 1697, he was suspended from duty due to alleged victualling irregularities and only reinstated three years later on 11 January 1700.[2] He was given command of the Dolphin, the Lyme a year later, and the Bristol in May 1701.[3]
It was as captain of this last vessel that he sailed for the West Indies in 1702, to join the forces commanded by Admiral John Benbow. The following spring he was back, carrying two other captains, Richard Kirkby and Cooper Wade, who had been convicted of failing to follow Benbow's orders in his final engagement. Kirkby was executed by firing squad on the deck of the Bristol in Plymouth Sound on 16 April 1703, Acton having witnessed his will and sat up with him the night before.[2]
In January 1704 Acton was given command of the Kingston, and sailed for the Mediterranean under the command of Sir George Rooke. In August 1704, he took part in the Capture of Gibraltar and in the Battle of Málaga.[4] Kingston lost three officers and sixty crew killed and wounded,[5] before having to drop out of the line having exhausted her ammunition. For this he was court martialled, but fully acquitted.[6]
In December 1704, Acton was given command of the Bedford, and took part in the battle of Cabrita Point, the relief of the siege of Gibraltar and the capture of Barcelona. In January 1706 he moved to command the Grafton and took part in the capture of Alicante. He was at ibiza, Minorca and Majorca (where he was sent ashore as a hostage during negotiations), before returning to England with Leake in October 1706.[2]
A newly refitted Grafton left the Downs on 1 May 1707 alongside the Royal Oak and the Hampton Court escorting a convoy of merchant ships bound for Lisbon and the West Indies. They ran into a much stronger French force under Claude de Forbin off Dungeness, thus beginning the Action of 2 May 1707. Acton was killed in action and his ship was captured.[2]
References
- ^ King, Gregory (1912). Staffordshire Pedigrees. London: Harleian Society. p. 172.
- ^ a b c d e Le Fevre, Peter. "Acton, Edward". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/72. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- ^ "Edward Acton (d.1707)". Three Decks.
- ^ Rose, Hugh James (1857). "Acton, Edward". A New General Biographical Dictionary. Vol. 1 AA–ANS. London: B. Fellowes et al. p. 81.
- ^ Charnock, John (1795). Biographia Navalis. Vol. 3. London: R. Faulder. pp. 60–61.
- ^ Laughton, John Knox (1885). . In Stephen, Leslie (ed.). Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 1. London: Smith, Elder & Co. p. 66.
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