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Falwell was opposed to [[LGBT social movements|gay rights]], supporting [[Anita Bryant]]'s 1977 movement to overturn a human-rights ordinance in [[Miami-Dade County, Florida|Dade County, Florida]] that prohibited [[discrimination]] on the basis of [[sexual orientation]] and a similar movement in California.<ref name=NYT051507>Peter Applebome, [http://www.nytimes.com/2007/05/15/obituaries/15cnd-falwell.html?hp Jerry Falwell, Leading Religious Conservative, Dies at 73], ''The New York Times'', May 15, 2007.</ref>
Falwell was opposed to [[LGBT social movements|gay rights]], supporting [[Anita Bryant]]'s 1977 movement to overturn a human-rights ordinance in [[Miami-Dade County, Florida|Dade County, Florida]] that prohibited [[discrimination]] on the basis of [[sexual orientation]] and a similar movement in California.<ref name=NYT051507>Peter Applebome, [http://www.nytimes.com/2007/05/15/obituaries/15cnd-falwell.html?hp Jerry Falwell, Leading Religious Conservative, Dies at 73], ''The New York Times'', May 15, 2007.</ref>


However, the [[Human Rights Campaign]], a LGBT organization, formally thanked Falwell for speaking out in favor of gay rights in 2005. During an August 2005 appearance on MSNBC, Falwell said he was not troubled by reports that Supreme Court nominee [[John Roberts]] had done volunteer legal work for gay rights activists on the case of [[Romer v. Evans]]. Falwell told MSNBC's Tucker Carlson that if he were a lawyer, he too would argue for civil rights for gays. "I may not agree with the lifestyle, but that has nothing to do with the civil rights of that ... part of our constituency," Falwell said. When Carlson countered that conservatives "are always arguing against 'special rights' for gays," Falwell said that equal access to housing and employment are basic rights, not special rights. "Civil rights for all Americans, black, white, red, yellow, the rich, poor, young, old, gay, straight, et cetera, is not a liberal or conservative value. It's an American value that I would think that we pretty much all agree on." <ref>Joshua Lynsen, 'Face of homophobia' is dead, ''The Washington Blade'', May 18, 2007.</ref>
However, the [[Human Rights Campaign]], a LGBT organization, formally thanked Falwell for speaking out in favor of gay rights in 2005. During an August 2005 appearance on [[MSNBC]], Falwell said he was not troubled by reports that Supreme Court nominee [[John Roberts]] had done volunteer legal work for gay rights activists on the case of [[Romer v. Evans]]. Falwell told MSNBC's [[Tucker Carlson]] that if he were a lawyer, he too would argue for civil rights for gays. "I may not agree with the lifestyle, but that has nothing to do with the civil rights of that ... part of our constituency," Falwell said. When Carlson countered that conservatives "are always arguing against 'special rights' for gays," Falwell said that equal access to housing and employment are basic rights, not special rights. "Civil rights for all Americans, black, white, red, yellow, the rich, poor, young, old, gay, straight, et cetera, is not a liberal or conservative value. It's an American value that I would think that we pretty much all agree on." <ref>Eartha Jane Melzer, Falwell hints support for some gay rights , ''The Washington Blade'', August 26, 2005.</ref>


=== Israel ===
=== Israel ===

Revision as of 18:21, 22 May 2007

Jerry Falwell
Born(1933-08-11)August 11, 1933
Lynchburg, Virginia,
United States
DiedMay 15, 2007(2007-05-15) (aged 73)
Lynchburg, Virginia,
United States
OccupationProtestant Christian Evangelist
Websitehttp://www.falwell.com/

Jerry Laymon Falwell, Sr. (August 11 1933 – May 15, 2007)[1] was an American fundamentalist Christian pastor and televangelist. He was the founding pastor of the Thomas Road Baptist Church in Lynchburg, Virginia. He founded Liberty University in 1971 and co-founded the Moral Majority in 1979.

Falwell led services at Thomas Road Baptist Church, a megachurch in Lynchburg, Virginia. He changed affiliations from Baptist Bible Fellowship International to the mainly conservative Southern Baptist Convention, and ended his self-identification with fundamentalism in favor of evangelicalism.

Personal life

Southern Baptists
Background
Beliefs
People
Related organizations
Seminaries

Falwell was born in Lynchburg, Virginia to Helen and Carey Hezekiah Falwell[1]. His father was an entrepreneur and one-time bootlegger who was not very religious.[1] His grandfather was a staunch atheist.[1][2] Falwell was born with a fraternal twin brother, Gene.

Falwell married the former Macel Pate on April 12, 1958, and had two sons (one, Jerry Jr., is a lawyer and the other, Jonathan, a pastor) and one daughter (Jeannie, who is a surgeon).

Prior to the founding of his church, Falwell attended Lynchburg College in Lynchburg, Virginia, but left during his sophomore year. He then transferred to and graduated from Baptist Bible College in Springfield, Missouri in 1956.[3][4]

Although he sometimes used the title "Doctor," Falwell held no earned doctorate. He held three honorary degrees: an honorary Doctor of Divinity from Tennessee Temple Theological Seminary [5], an honorary Doctor of Letters from California Graduate School of Theology (an unaccredited institution[6]), and an honorary Doctor of Laws from Central University in Seoul, South Korea (an unaccredited institution[7]).[3]

Associated organizations

Thomas Road Baptist Church

Main article: Thomas Road Baptist Church

Falwell attended high school at Brookville High School in Lynchburg, Virginia, where he was a student athlete (a "multi-letterman" as described in the terms of the time), playing on both the football and the basketball teams as a starter.[citation needed]

Falwell converted to Christianity as a young man in college and quickly felt a great desire to convert his home city, Lynchburg, to Christianity. After attending Baptist Bible College in Springfield, Missouri, he returned to Lynchburg to begin a new church.

In 1956, at age 22, Falwell became the founding pastor of the Thomas Road Baptist Church of Lynchburg (TRBC). Thirty-five adults were recorded as being in attendance at the church's first meeting in the elementary school that he had attended, and the offering was $135.[3] The church subsequently found its first permanent home in a structure which had been a Donald Duck Bottling Company building, a short distance from the location of what was at that time Brookville High School, subsequently Brookville Elementary School, and then the first campus of Liberty Baptist College, an institution of higher learning associated closely with the church and with Falwell. From these beginnings Thomas Road Baptist Church has grown to a membership in excess of 24,000, based in a 6,000 seat auditorium and an additional 1 million square feet of educational space. The church holds four services per week.[8] In July of 2006, TRBC celebrated its 50th anniversary and inaugurated its new building near Liberty University.

Liberty University

Main article: Liberty University

Jerry Falwell founded Lynchburg Bible College—now Liberty University—in 1971. It opened with 154 students and four full-time faculty members. Today Liberty University is a fully accredited evangelical Christian liberal arts university, offering an assortment of bachelor's, master's and doctoral degrees in over seventy programs, including Accounting, Pre-Med, Computer Science, Education, Law, Nursing, Psychology, and Religion. The annual college cost nears $16,000. This includes in-state, out-of-state, on-campus, or out-of-campus.

Liberty Godparent Foundation

In 1982 Falwell founded the Liberty Godparent Foundation which maintains a crisis pregnancy center and maternity house in Lynchburg.[9]

The PTL Club and Heritage USA

Main article: The PTL Club

The September 21, 1987 issue of Time noted that Falwell "plunged" down a 163 foot "hellish" water slide in fulfillment of "a promise made during a fund-raising drive that netted $20 million for the debt-ridden PTL."[10] This drive eventually took The PTL Club, PTL TV network and Heritage USA from Jim Bakker.[11] "Bakker arranged for Falwell to take over PTL in March in an effort to avoid what he called a "hostile takeover" of the television ministry by people threatening to expose a sexual encounter he admitted to having seven years earlier with church secretary Jessica Hahn."[12]

Photos circulated of the event at the Typhoon waterslide at Heritage Island (located at Heritage USA). Falwell remained fully clothed. It was selected as "The Best of Photojournalism" in 1987 Pictures of the Year book presented by the National Press Photographers Association. In September 1999, The Associated Press selected it as one of the top 100 national photos of the century.[13]

At its peak, Heritage USA was earning $126 million a year, but then the IRS revoked its tax-exempt status. Soon after Bakker's federal indictment and public condemnation over his sexual affair, attendance dropped. Falwell argued that "PTL's Heritage USA complex in Fort Mill, S.C., was competing unfairly against tax-paying tourist attractions, and that the tax-exempt ministry should be separated from the running of hotels and amusement parks."[12] Under Falwell's leadership, Heritage USA sought "Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection with debts estimated at $72 million."[12]

The National Liberty Journal

In 1995, Jerry Falwell began publishing a politically conservative, monthly newspaper called The National Liberty Journal (NLJ). Its articles include religious freedom cases, the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgendered (LGBT) rights movement, as well as examinations of the United States government. It also features articles on Biblical prophecy, religious freedom, and Christian family issues.[14]

Social and political views

Civil rights

Falwell grew up in a strongly segregationist setting and supported racial segregation for the first few years of his career.[15] In 1965, he gave a sermon at his Thomas Road Baptist Church criticizing Martin Luther King and the Civil Rights Movement, which he sometimes referred to as the "Civil Wrongs Movement". On his Evangelist program The Old-Time Gospel Hour in the mid 1960s, he regularly featured segregationist politicians like Lester Maddox and George Wallace.[16] Falwell's views eventually shifted and he opposed segregation in his later years.[17]

Falwell was opposed to gay rights, supporting Anita Bryant's 1977 movement to overturn a human-rights ordinance in Dade County, Florida that prohibited discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation and a similar movement in California.[1]

However, the Human Rights Campaign, a LGBT organization, formally thanked Falwell for speaking out in favor of gay rights in 2005. During an August 2005 appearance on MSNBC, Falwell said he was not troubled by reports that Supreme Court nominee John Roberts had done volunteer legal work for gay rights activists on the case of Romer v. Evans. Falwell told MSNBC's Tucker Carlson that if he were a lawyer, he too would argue for civil rights for gays. "I may not agree with the lifestyle, but that has nothing to do with the civil rights of that ... part of our constituency," Falwell said. When Carlson countered that conservatives "are always arguing against 'special rights' for gays," Falwell said that equal access to housing and employment are basic rights, not special rights. "Civil rights for all Americans, black, white, red, yellow, the rich, poor, young, old, gay, straight, et cetera, is not a liberal or conservative value. It's an American value that I would think that we pretty much all agree on." [18]

Israel

The Anti-Defamation League, and its leader Abraham Foxman, have expressed strong support for Falwell's staunch pro-Israel stand, sometimes referred to as "Christian Zionism," despite repeatedly condemning what they perceive as intolerance in Falwell's public statements.[19]

Education

Falwell repeatedly denounced certain teachings in public schools and secular education in general, calling them breeding grounds for atheism, secularism, and humanism, which he claimed to be in contradiction with Christian morality. He advocated that the United States change its public education system by implementing a school voucher system which would allow parents to send their children to either public or private schools. Jerry Falwell wrote in America Can Be Saved that "I hope I live to see the day when, as in the early days of our country, we won't have any public schools. The churches will have taken them over again and Christians will be running them."[20]

Falwell supported President George W. Bush's Faith Based Initiative, but had strong reservations concerning where the funding would go and the restrictions placed on churches. "My problem is where it might go under his successors... I would not want to put any of the Jerry Falwell Ministries in a position where we might be subservient to a future Bill Clinton, God forbid... It also concerns me that once the pork barrel is filled, suddenly the Church of Scientology, the Jehovah Witnesses [sic], the various and many denominations and religious groups — and I don’t say those words in a pejorative way — begin applying for money — and I don’t see how any can be turned down because of their radical and unpopular views. I don’t know where that would take us."[21]

Apartheid

In the 1980s Jerry Falwell was critical of sanctions against the Apartheid regime of South Africa. He stated that while he was opposed to Apartheid, he feared that sanctions would result in a worse situation, with either a more oppressive white minority government or a Soviet-backed revolution. He drew the ire of many when he called Nobel Peace Prize winner and Anglican Archbishop Desmond Tutu a phony "as far as representing the black people of South Africa."[22] He later apologized for that remark and claimed that he had misspoken.[23] He also urged his followers to buy up gold Krugerrands and push U.S. "reinvestment" in South Africa.[24]

The Clinton Chronicles

Main article: Clinton Chronicles

In 1994, Falwell promoted and distributed the straight-to-video pseudo-documentary The Clinton Chronicles: An Investigation into the Alleged Criminal Activities of Bill Clinton. The video connected Clinton to a theoretical conspiracy involving Vincent Foster, James McDougall, Ron Brown, and an alleged cocaine-smuggling operation. Despite the theory having been discredited by all major investigations, the video's sophisticated production techniques served as effective exposure, and sold over 150,000 copies.[25]

Funding for the film was provided by the Citizens for Honest Government, to which Jerry Falwell paid $200,000 in 1994 and 1995.[25] In 1995 Citizens for Honest Government paid two Arkansas state troopers to make allegations supporting the conspiracy about Vincent Foster. These two troopers were Roger Perry and Larry Patterson, who also were paid for their allegations in the Paula Jones (See: Troopergate) claims.[25] In March 2005, trooper Patterson was convicted of lying to the FBI about an unrelated incident.[26]

Falwell's infomercial for the 80-minute tape included footage of Falwell interviewing a silhouetted fake journalist who claimed to be afraid for his life. The "journalist" accused Clinton of orchestrating the deaths of several reporters and personal confidants who had gotten too close to his illegalities. However, it was subsequently revealed that the silhouetted journalist was, in fact, Patrick Matrisciana, the producer of the video and president of Citizens for Honest Government.[25] "Obviously, I'm not an investigative reporter," Matrisciana admitted [to investigative journalist Murray Waas], "and I doubt our lives were actually ever in any real danger. That was Jerry's idea to do that ... He thought that would be dramatic."[25]

In an interview for the 2005 documentary The Hunting of the President, Falwell admitted, "to this day I do not know the accuracy of the claims made in The Clinton Chronicles."[citation needed]

SEC and bonds

In 1972, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) launched an investigation of bonds issued by Falwell's organizations. The SEC charged Falwell's church with "fraud and deceit" in the issuance of $6.5 million in unsecured church bonds.[27] The church won a 1973 federal court case prosecuted at the behest of the SEC, in which the Court exonerated the church and ruled that there had been no intentional wrong-doing.

According to Falwell, the survival of the University could be attributed to the work of Daniel Reber and Jimmy Thomas, as leaders of the non-profit Christian Heritage Foundation in Forest, Virginia.

Falwell versus Penthouse

Falwell filed a $10 million lawsuit against Penthouse Magazine for publishing an article based upon interviews he gave to freelance reporters, after failing to convince a federal court to place an injunction upon the publication of that article. The suit was dismissed in Federal district court on the grounds that the article was not defamatory or an invasion of Falwell's privacy; Falwell ultimately dropped the suit.[28][29][30]

Hustler's parody ad of Falwell

Falwell versus Hustler

Main article: Hustler Magazine v. Falwell

In November 1983, Larry Flynt's pornographic magazine Hustler carried a parody of a Campari ad, featuring a fake interview with Falwell in which he admits that his "first time" was incest with his mother in an outhouse while drunk. Falwell sued for $45 million in compensation alleging invasion of privacy, libel, and intentional infliction of emotional distress.[31] A jury rejected the invasion of privacy and libel claims, holding that the parody could not have reasonably been taken to describe true events, but ruled in favor of Falwell on the emotional distress claim. This was upheld on appeal. Flynt then appealed to the Supreme Court, winning a unanimous decision on February 24, 1988. The ruling held that public figures cannot circumvent First Amendment protections by attempting to recover damages based on emotional distress suffered from parodies. The decision in favor of Flynt strengthened free speech rights in the United States in relation to parodies of public figures.

After the death of Falwell, Larry Flynt released a comment regarding his friendship over the years with Falwell.

"My mother always told me that no matter how much you dislike a person, when you meet them face to face you will find characteristics about them that you like. Jerry Falwell was a perfect example of that. I hated everything he stood for, but after meeting him in person, years after the trial, Jerry Falwell and I became good friends. He would visit me in California and we would debate together on college campuses. I always appreciated his sincerity even though I knew what he was selling and he knew what I was selling." - Larry Flynt [32]

Homosexuality and libel

Falwell was on both sides of libel cases. In 1984, he was ordered to pay gay activist Jerry Sloan $5,000 after losing a court battle. During a TV debate in Sacramento, California, Falwell denied calling the gay-oriented Metropolitan Community Churches "brute beasts" and "a vile and Satanic system" that will "one day be utterly annihilated and there will be a celebration in heaven."

When Sloan insisted he had a tape, Falwell promised $5,000 if he could produce it. Sloan did, Falwell refused to pay, and Sloan successfully sued. Falwell appealed, with his attorney charging that the judge in the case was prejudiced because he was Jewish[33]. He lost again and was made to pay an additional $2,875 in sanctions and court fees.

Falwell vs. Christopher Lamparello

On April 17 2006, the US Supreme Court refused to grant review of a lower court ruling that Christopher Lamparello's usage of the Internet domain Fallwell.com (note: the extra "L") was legal. The United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit had held that Lamparello "clearly created his Web site intending only to provide a forum to criticize ideas, not to steal customers".[34] Lamparello's website describes itself as not being connected to Jerry Falwell and is critical of Falwell's views on homosexuals.[34] Previous to this, "Falwell's attorneys have fought over domain names in the past" with a man turning over jerryfalwell.com and jerryfallwell.com "after Falwell threatened to sue for trademark infringement."[34] Lawyers for Public Citizen Litigation Group's Internet Free Speech project represented the domain name owners in both cases.

Apocalyptic beliefs

On July 31 2006, Cable News Network's (CNN) Paula Zahn Now program featured a segment on "whether the crisis in the Middle East is actually a prelude to the end of the world," "marking the third time in eight days that CNN ha[d] devoted airtime to those claiming that the ongoing Mideast violence signal[ed] the coming of the Apocalypse."[35] Falwell was interviewed claiming, "I believe in the premillennial, pre-tribulational coming of Christ for all of his church, and to summarize that, your first poll, do you believe Jesus coming the second time will be in the future, I would vote yes with the 59 percent and with Billy Graham and most evangelicals."

In 1999, Falwell declared the Antichrist would probably arrive within a decade and "Of course he'll be Jewish."[36] After anti-Semitism charges Falwell apologized and explained that he was simply expressing the theological tenet that the Antichrist and Christ share many attributes.[37][38]

Reverend Kevin Bean of St. Bartholomew's Church in New York City disagreed. Bean explained, "I think that any correlation that is made with present war making or other political schemes with the events that could lead to a final day and the second coming of Jesus and the separation of the faithful from the rest is an arrogant identification with these present-day events."

Controversial remarks

Wikiquote has quotations related to Jerry Falwell.

In 1977 he supported Anita Bryant's "Save Our Children" campaign based on "Christian beliefs regarding the sinfulness of homosexuality and the perceived threat of homosexual recruitment of children and child molestation" in Dade County, Florida to repeal an ordinance that prohibited discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation. In urging the repeal of the ordinance Falwell told one crowd "gay folks would just as soon kill you as look at you."[39]

He's been called an agent of intolerance[40] and the founder of the anti-gay industry[41] who regularly demonized and dehumanized gays and fought against gay rights. In the early 1980s when the AIDS pandemic was still in its early years and could have been addressed more proactively as a national health crisis he swayed public opinion against people with AIDS (PWAs) saying “AIDS is not just God's punishment for homosexuals, it is God's punishment for the society that tolerates homosexuals.”[42]

On Falwell's "Old Time Gospel Hour" broadcast (March 11, 1984), when the mostly gay Metropolitan Community Church was almost accepted into the World Council of Churches, Falwell called them "brute beasts" and stated, "this vile and satanic system will one day be utterly annihilated and there'll be a celebration in heaven."[43]

That same year he claimed that Tinky Winky, a Teletubbie, was gay. The immensely popular UK show was aimed at pre-school children but Falwell stated "he is purple - the gay pride color; and his antenna is shaped like a triangle - the gay-pride symbol." Apart from those characteristics Tinky Winky also carries a magic bag which Falwell said was a purse and added "role modelling the gay lifestyle is damaging to the moral lives of children." In response, Steve Rice, spokesperson for Itsy Bitsy Entertainment, which licenses the Teletubbies in the US, said "I really find it absurd and kind of offensive."[44][45]

After the September 11, 2001 attacks, Falwell said on the 700 Club, "I really believe that the pagans, and the abortionists, and the feminists, and the gays and the lesbians who are actively trying to make that an alternative lifestyle, the ACLU, People For the American Way, all of them who have tried to secularize America. I point the finger in their face and say 'you helped this happen.'" Fellow evangelist Pat Robertson concurred with his sentiment.[46] After heavy criticism, Falwell apologized,[47] though he later said that he stood by his statement, stating "If we decide to change all the rules on which this Judeo-Christian nation was built, we cannot expect the Lord to put his shield of protection around us as he has in the past."[48][49]

Falwell's ghostwriter, Mel White, said Falwell remarked about gay protesters, "Thank God for these gay demonstrators. If I didn't have them, I'd have to invent them. They give me all the publicity I need."[50]

He said this about Martin Luther King: "I do question the sincerity and non-violent intentions of some civil rights leaders such as Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., Mr. James Farmer, and others, who are known to have left wing associations."[51]

Falwell has also said, "Labor unions should study and read the Bible instead of asking for more money. When people get right with God, they are better workers."[52] •

Failing health and death

Wikinews has related news:

In early 2005, Falwell was hospitalized for two weeks with a viral infection, discharged, and then rehospitalized on May 30 2005, in respiratory arrest.[53][54] President George W. Bush contacted Falwell to "wish him well."[54] He was subsequently released from the hospital and returned to his duties. Later in 2005, a stent was implanted to treat a 70% blockage in his coronary arteries.[55]

On May 15 2007, CNN and USA Today[56] reported Falwell had been found without pulse and unconscious in his office about 10:45 am after missing a morning appointment and was taken to Lynchburg General Hospital.

"I had breakfast with him, and he was fine at breakfast," ... "He went to his office, I went to mine and they found him unresponsive." said Godwin, the executive vice president of Falwell's Liberty University.[57]

His condition was initially reported as "gravely serious"; CPR was administered unsuccessfully.[57][58] As of 2:10 pm, during a live press conference, a doctor for the hospital confirmed that Falwell had died[59] of "cardiac arrhythmia, or sudden cardiac death." A statement issued by the hospital reported he was pronounced dead at Lynchburg General Hospital at 12:40 pm, EST.[60] Falwell’s family, including his wife Macel and sons Jerry Falwell, Jr. and Jonathan Falwell, were with him at the hospital at the time of his death.[61]

Falwell's funeral will take place at 1:00 PM EDT on May 22, 2007 at Thomas Road Baptist Church after lying in repose at both the church and Liberty University.[62] Falwell's burial will be private.

Publications

  • Achieving Your Dreams. Thomas Nelson (January 30, 2006) ISBN 0529122464
  • Building Churches of Dynamic Faith: A Five-Session Study Guide. Thomas Nelson (October 17, 2005) ISBN 0529121336
  • Capturing a Town for Christ. Fleming Revell, 1969.
  • Champions for God. Victor Books, 1985.
  • Church Aflame. (co-author Elmer Towns) Impact, 1971.
  • Dynamic Faith Journal. Thomas Nelson (64 pages) (January 30, 2006) ISBN 0529122456
  • Falwell: An Autobiography. Liberty House, 1996. (Ghost written by Mel White [63]) ISBN 1888684046
  • Fasting Can Change Your Life. Regal, 1998.
  • Finding Inner Peace and Strength. Doubleday, 1982.
  • If I Should Die Before I Wake. Thomas Nelson, 1986. (ghost-written by Mel White)
  • Liberty Bible Commentary on the New Testament. Thomas Nelson/Liberty University, 1978.
  • Liberty Bible Commentary. Thomas Nelson, 1982.
  • Listen, America! Bantam Books (July 1981) ISBN 0553149989
  • Stepping Out on Faith. Tyndale House, 1984.
  • Strength for the Journey. Simon & Schuster, 1987. (ghost-written by Mel White)
  • The Fundamentalist Phenomenon. Doubleday, 1981.
  • The Fundamentalist Phenomenon/the Resurgence of Conservative Christianity. Baker Book House, 1986.
  • The New American Family. Word, 1992.
  • When it Hurts Too Much to Cry. Tyndale House, 1984. ISBN 0842379932
  • Wisdom for Living. Victor Books, 1984.

See also

Footnotes

  1. ^ a b c d e Peter Applebome (May 15 2007). "Jerry Falwell, Leading Religious Conservative, Dies". New York Times. Retrieved 2007-05-17. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help) Cite error: The named reference "NYT051507" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  2. ^ Televangelist, Christian Leader Falwell Dies, By www.NPR.org, Retrieved May 15, 2007
  3. ^ a b c Jerry Falwell's Official Biography July 1, 2006; Falwell left Lynchburg College, which was accredited at the time for Baptist Bible College in Springfield, Missouri which was then non-accredited. Baptist Bible College became accredited in 2001.
  4. ^ http://www.ncahlc.org/index.php?option=com_directory&Action=ShowBasic&instid=2797
  5. ^ Meet Jerry Falwell
  6. ^ http://www.chea.org
  7. ^ UNESCO's list of accredited schools– Accreditation database for South Korea
  8. ^ http://home.trbc.org/index.cfm?PID=9059
  9. ^ "Liberty Godparent Foundation". {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |accessed= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |site= ignored (help)
  10. ^ http://www.time.com/time/archive/preview/0,10987,965543,00.html
  11. ^ http://www.scencyclopedia.com/ptlclub.htm
  12. ^ a b c http://www.skepticfiles.org/cultinfo/taxscams.htm
  13. ^ http://aburriss.tripod.com/jfalwell.html
  14. ^ http://www.nljonline.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=10&Itemid=25
  15. ^ Marsh, Charles (1997). God's Long Summer: Stories of Faith and Civil Rights. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. ISBN 0691021341.
  16. ^ http://www.splcenter.org/intel/intelreport/article.jsp?aid=522
  17. ^ http://www.salon.com/news/feature/2006/01/09/justice_sunday/index_np.html
  18. ^ Eartha Jane Melzer, Falwell hints support for some gay rights , The Washington Blade, August 26, 2005.
  19. ^ http://www.adl.org/PresRele/DiRaB_41/4168_41.htm
  20. ^ http://atheism.about.com/library/glossary/western/bldef_falwelljerry.htm
  21. ^ http://www.beliefnet.com/story/70/story_7040_1.html
  22. ^ http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,959695,00.html
  23. ^ FALWELL DENOUNCES TUTU AS A 'PHONY'
  24. ^ OSTLING, RICHARD N. (1985-9-2). "Jerry Falwell's Crusade". Time Magazine. Retrieved 2007-05-17. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  25. ^ a b c d e The Falwell connection by Murray Waas Salon.com
  26. ^ Satter, Linda (March 12, 2005). "Ex-trooper sentenced for lying to FBI agent 3 years' probation, fine ordered in Quitman case". Arkansas Democrat-Gazette.
  27. ^ http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=5522064
  28. ^ "Falwell Says He Will Press $10 Million Penthouse Suit." The New York Times, 5 February 1981.
  29. ^ "Penthouse Wins in Court Against Falwell Suit." The New York Times, 7 August 1981.
  30. ^ "Falwell Won't Pursue Suit." The New York Times, 10 September 1981.
  31. ^ http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0283658/bio
  32. ^ http://www.accesshollywood.com/news/ah5356.shtml
  33. ^ http://www.thecarpetbaggerreport.com/archives/10806.html#more-10806
  34. ^ a b c Supreme Court declines Falwell Web appeal Associated Press. April 17, 2006
  35. ^ CNN still fixated on Apocalypse predictors. Media matters for America. Aug 1, 2006
  36. ^ Cohen, Debra Nussbaum. </ref "Falwell Antichrist remark sparks anti-Semitism charges". Retrieved 2007-05-18.
  37. ^ Kampeas, Ron. "Falwell Left Jews With Mixed Feelings". Retrieved 2007-05-18.
  38. ^ http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=6160167
  39. ^ Johnson, Hans and Eskridge, William. </ref "The Legacy of Falwell's Bully Pulpit". Retrieved 2007-05-18.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  40. ^ </ref "Agent of Intolerance". Retrieved 2007-05-18. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |first name= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |lastname= ignored (help)
  41. ^ </ref "Anti-gay evangelist dies at 73". Retrieved 2007-05-18.
  42. ^ </ref "Press: The Sad Legacy of Jerry Falwell". Retrieved 2007-05-18. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |First name= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |last name= ignored (help)
  43. ^ Burns, Katy. "Jerry Falwell's greatest hates". Retrieved 2007-05-18.
  44. ^ "'Gay Tinky Winky bad for children'". Retrieved 2007-05-18.
  45. ^ Burke, Heather. http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601103&sid=auX3.SI9QH2M&refer=us. Retrieved 2007-05-18. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help); Unknown parameter |Title= ignored (|title= suggested) (help)
  46. ^ https://home.comcast.net/~joe.grabko/falwell.mp3
  47. ^ http://archives.cnn.com/2001/US/09/14/Falwell.apology/
  48. ^ http://www.ny1.com/ny1/content/index.jsp?stid=1&aid=69715
  49. ^ http://www.americablog.com/2007/05/cnn-just-last-week-falwell-reiterated.html
  50. ^ Steve Inskeep. Religion, Politics a Potent Mix for Jerry Falwell NPR June 30, 2006
  51. ^ Washington, James M. (1990). A Testament of Hope: the essential writings of Martin Luther King. San Francisco: Harper Collins. ISBN 0060646918.
  52. ^ http://www.wisaflcio.org/political_action/rightwing.htm
  53. ^ http://www.breitbart.com/article.php?id=D8P4UVFO1&show_article=1
  54. ^ a b Falwell is taken off ventilator, upgraded to stable condition USA Today May 30, 2005
  55. ^ Rev. Jerry Falwell Dies - breitbart.com
  56. ^ "Evangelist Jerry Falwell dies at 73". USA Today/Associated Press. 2007-05-15. Retrieved 2007-05-15.
  57. ^ a b "Falwell dies at age 73".
  58. ^ http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20070515/ap_on_re_us/jerry_falwell
  59. ^ "Rev Jerry Falwell Has Died: Rev Dead After Being Found Unconscious". PostChronicle.com. Retrieved 2007-05-10.
  60. ^ http://www.centrahealth.com/news/pressrelease78.aspx
  61. ^ http://www.liberty.edu/administration/index.cfm?PID=14092
  62. ^ Falwell funeral arrangements (Liberty University)
  63. ^ http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=5522064


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