Tennessee's 7th congressional district

The current boundaries of Tennessee's 7th District

The 7th Congressional District of Tennessee is a congressional district located in the middle and southwestern parts of the state, connecting suburbs of Memphis and Nashville. It is the state's wealthiest district in terms of per capita income, as well as its second-largest.

Cities in the district include Germantown, Brentwood, Bolivar, Lexington, and Savannah. It also includes portions of Nashville, Memphis, Collierville and Clarksville, as well as Tennessee's share of Fort Campbell.

The district's current configuration dates from 1983, when Tennessee gained a district as a result of the 1980 Census. At that time, large portions of the old 6th District were shifted to the 4th and 9th districts, and the remaining territory of the old 6th was renumbered the 7th. Prior to the reapportionment that resulted from the 2000 Census, the district's boundaries generally coincided with county lines[1], but in Middle Tennessee the 7th district's current geography resembles a gerrymander.

The 7th is a very safe seat for the Republican Party. In fact, it is the state's most Republican area outside the party's traditional heartland in East Tennessee, and usually elects some of Tennessee's most conservative state legislators. Democrats have made only two serious bids for the district as currently drawn, and have only come within single digits once. Most of the district's residents have not been represented by a Democrat since 1973.

The district's politics are dominated by the wealthy suburbs of Memphis (e.g., Germantown, Collierville) and Nashville (e.g., Brentwood, Franklin). Since the late 1960s, the district has swelled with former Nashville and Memphis residents. At first, this was due to anger over court-ordered desegregation. Since the late 1970s, the motivation has been a desire to seek more "family-friendly," religious environments (as opposed to the urbane liberal orientations of Nashville and Memphis). They give the 7th a character similar to other highly affluent suburban districts in the South (e.g., those around Birmingham, Dallas-Fort Worth, San Antonio, Houston and Atlanta). As a result, the 7th has a very strong social conservative tint typical of most affluent Southern suburban districts. Many of the state's most politically active churches are located in the suburban areas of the district.

Further, the GOP has also gained many converts from conservative rural white voters. These West Tennessee residents, generations earlier, supported Democratic candidates for local and statewide (though usually not national) offices in most of the counties currently encompassed by the district. Many of these counties, for instance, voted overwhelmingly for George Wallace's (then governor of nearby Alabama) 1968 presidential candidacy, making Tennessee the strongest-performing state for him that he did not win.

The only significant bloc of Democratic voters left in the district are African-Americans who reside in the counties bordering Mississippi, mostly descendants of slaves who worked on the area's plantations in the 19th century. Occasionally, Democrats also do well in Fayette County, the largest county located entirely within the district; it supported Bill Clinton during both of his runs for president. However, they are always swamped at the ballot box by the coalition described above, one factor inhibiting the development of anything like a political community enjoyed by their neighbors in Memphis' 9th District.

Marsha Blackburn, a Republican and the first-ever woman to represent this part of Tennessee in Washington, assumed the 7th District's seat in 2003.