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==The Pope is the antichrist!==
{{Infobox Pope|
image=[[Image:JohannesPaulII.jpg]]|
English name=John Paul II|
birth_name= Karol Józef Wojtyła|
term_start=[[16 October]] [[1978]]|
term_end=[[2 April]] [[2005]]|
predecessor=[[Pope John Paul I|John Paul I]]|
successor=[[Pope Benedict XVI|Benedict XVI]]|
birth_date={{Birth date|1920|5|18|df=yes}}|
birthplace=[[Wadowice]], [[Poland]]|
death_date={{death date and age|2005|4|2|1920|5|18|df=yes}}|
deathplace=[[Apostolic Palace]], [[Vatican City]] ||
other=John Paul}}
{{infobox popestyles|
papal name=Pope John Paul II|
dipstyle=[[His Holiness]]|
offstyle=Your Holiness|
relstyle=Holy Father|
deathstyle=[[Servant of God]]|
moto= Totus Tuus|}}
[[Image:John paul 2 coa.svg|thumb|155px|right|Coat of Arms of Pope John Paul II. The Letter M is for [[Blessed Virgin Mary|Mary]], the mother of [[Jesus]], to whom he held strong devotion]]
<!--A discussion on Wikipedia produced an overwhelming consensus to end the 'style wars' by replacing styles at the start by a style infobox later in the text. It is now installed below.-->
'''Pope John Paul II''' ([[Latin]]: ''Ioannes Paulus PP. II'', [[Italian language|Italian]]: ''Giovanni Paolo II'', [[Polish language|Polish]]: ''Jan Paweł II'') born {{Audio|Pl-Karol-Jozef-Wojtyla.ogg|'''Karol Józef Wojtyła'''}} [{{IPA|ˈkaɾɔl ˈjuzεf vɔi̯ˈtɨwa}}]; [[18 May]] [[1920]] &ndash; [[2 April]] [[2005]]) reigned as the 264th [[Pope]] of the [[Roman Catholic Church|Catholic Church]] and Sovereign of the [[State of the Vatican City]] from [[16 October]] [[1978]], until his death more than 26 years later, making his the [[List of 10 longest-reigning popes|second-longest pontificate]] in modern times after [[Pope Pius IX|Pius IX]]'s 31-year reign. He is the only [[Poles|Polish]] pope, and was the first non-[[Italian people|Italian]] pope since the Dutch [[Pope Adrian VI|Adrian VI]] in the 1520s. He is one of only four people to have been named to the [[Time 100]] for both the [[20th century]] and for a year in the 21st.


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His early reign was marked by his opposition to [[communism]], and he is often credited as one of the forces which contributed to its collapse in Eastern Europe.<ref>"[http://www.cnn.com/2005/WORLD/europe/04/02/world.reax/index.html World mourns Pope John Paul II]," ''CNN'', (accessed [[13 April]] [[2006]]).</ref> In the later part of his pontificate, he was notable for speaking against [[war]], [[fascism]], [[dictatorship]], [[materialism]], [[abortion]], [[birth control|contraception]], [[relativism]], unrestrained [[capitalism]], and what he deemed the "[[culture of death]]".


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John Paul II was Pope during a period in which [[Catholic Church|Catholicism]]'s influence declined in [[developed country|developed countries]] but expanded in the [[Third World]]. During his reign, the pope traveled extensively, visiting over 100 countries, more than any of his predecessors. He remains one of the most-traveled world leaders in history. He was fluent in numerous languages: his native [[Polish language|Polish]] and also [[Italian language|Italian]], [[French language|French]], [[German language|German]], [[English language|English]], [[Spanish language|Spanish]], [[Croatian language|Croatian]], [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]], [[Russian language|Russian]] and [[Latin]].<ref>http://www.robinsonlibrary.com/philosophy/denominations/catholic/history/johnpaul2.htm Pope John Paul II, ''The Robinson Library'']</ref> As part of his special emphasis on the [[universal call to holiness]], he [[canonization|canonized]] a great number of people.


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In 1992, he was diagnosed with [[Parkinson's disease]]. On [[2 April]] [[2005]] at 9:37 p.m. local time, Pope John Paul II died in the [[Papal Apartments]] while a vast crowd kept vigil in [[Saint Peter's Square]] below. Millions of people flocked to Rome to pay their respects to the body and for his funeral. The last years of his reign had been marked by his fight against the various diseases ailing him, provoking some concerns as to leadership should he become severely incapacitated/vegetative, and speculation as to whether he should abdicate. On [[9 May]] [[2005]], [[Pope Benedict XVI]], John Paul II's successor, waived the five year waiting period for a cause for [[beatification]] to be opened.<ref>[http://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/congregations/csaints/documents/rc_con_csaints_doc_20050509_rescritto-gpii_en.html RESPONSE OF HIS HOLINESS BENEDICT XVI FOR THE EXAMINATION OF THE CAUSE FOR BEATIFICATION AND CANONIZATION OF THE SERVANT OF GOD JOHN PAUL II]</ref>


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==Overview==
John Paul II emphasized what he called the "[[universal call to holiness]]" and attempted to define the Catholic Church's role in the modern world. He spoke out against ideologies and politics of [[communism]], [[Marxism]], [[Socialism]], [[imperialism]], [[hedonism]], [[relativism]], [[materialism]], [[fascism]], [[Nazism]], [[racism]] and unrestrained [[capitalism]]. In many ways, he fought against [[oppression]], [[secularism]] and [[poverty]]. Although he was on friendly terms with many [[Western world|Western]] heads of state and leading citizens, he reserved a special opprobrium for what he believed to be the corrosive spiritual effects of modern Western [[consumerism]] and the concomitant widespread [[secularism|secular]] and [[hedonism|hedonistic]] orientation of Western populations.


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John Paul II affirmed traditional Catholic teachings against [[abortion]], [[contraception]], and pioneered the Churches stance on matters such as [[Embryonic stem cell|embryonic stem cell research]], [[human cloning]], [[euthanasia]], [[evolution]], [[interfaith]] matters, [[in vitro fertilisation]] ([[In vitro fertilization|IVF]]), and [[just war|unjust war]]s. He also defended traditional teachings on [[marriage]] and [[gender role]]s by opposing [[divorce]], [[same-sex marriage]] and the [[ordination of women]] and called upon followers to vote according to Catholic teachings. While conservative views were sometimes criticized as regressive his liberal views were sometimes criticized as unChristian.


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John Paul II became known as the "Pilgrim Pope" for traveling greater distances than had all his predecessors combined. According to John Paul II, the trips symbolized bridge-building efforts (in keeping with his title as [[Pontifex Maximus]], literally Master Bridge-Builder) between nations and religions, attempting to remove divisions created through history.


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He beatified 1,340 people, more people than any previous pope. The [[Roman Curia|Vatican]] asserts he canonized more people than the combined tally of his predecessors during the last five centuries, and from a far greater variety of cultures.<ref>[http://www.vatican.va/news_services/liturgy/saints/index_saints_en.html The Vatican News, Saints]</ref> Whether he had canonized more saints than all previous popes put together, as is sometimes also claimed, is difficult to prove, as the records of many early canonizations are incomplete, missing, or inaccurate. However, it is known that his abolition of the office of ''Promotor Fidei'' ("Promoter of the Faith" and the origin of the term [[Devil's advocate]]) streamlined the process.


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In February 2004 Pope John Paul II was nominated for a [[Nobel Peace Prize]] honoring his life's work in opposing Communist oppression and helping to reshape the world.<ref>[http://www.usatoday.com/news/world/2004-02-13-nobel_x.htm Bush, pope, jailed Israeli among 2004 Nobel Peace Prize nominees] USA Today World News</ref>


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Pope John Paul II died on [[2 April]] [[2005]] (buried [[8 April]] [[2005]]) after a long fight against [[Parkinson's disease]] and other illnesses. Immediately after his death, many of his followers demanded that he be elevated to [[sainthood]] as soon as possible, shouting "Santo Subito" (meaning "Saint immediately" in [[Italian language|Italian]]). Both ''[[L'Osservatore Romano]]'' and [[Pope Benedict XVI]], Pope John Paul II's successor, referred to John Paul II " The Great" (Ioannes Paulus PP. II Magnus){{Fact|date=March 2007}}.


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John Paul II was succeeded by the Dean of the [[College of Cardinals]], [[Pope Benedict XVI|Joseph Cardinal Ratzinger]] of [[Germany]], the former head of the [[Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith]] who had led the Funeral Mass for John Paul II.


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== Biography ==
{{main|Biography of Pope John Paul II}}
===Early life===
Karol Józef Wojtyła was born on [[18 May]] [[1920]] in [[Wadowice]] in southern [[Poland]] and was the youngest of three children of Karol Wojtyła and Emilia Kaczorowska.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.vatican.va/news_services/press/documentazione/documents/santopadre_biografie/giovanni_paolo_ii_biografia_breve_en.html | author=Holy See Press Office | publisher=Holy See Press Office | title="His Holiness John Paul II: Short Biography" | accessdate=2007-01-14}}</ref> His mother died in 1929 when he was just nine years old, and his father supported him so that he could study. His brother, who worked as a [[Physician|doctor]], died when Karol was twelve. His youth was marked by extensive contacts with the then thriving [[Jew]]ish community of [[Wadowice]]. He practiced sports during his youth, and was particularly interested in [[football (soccer)]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.legionariesofchrist.org/eng/articulos/articulo.phtml?lc=id-15265_se-91_ca-264_te-193 | author=Pentin, Edward - National Catholic Register | publisher=Legion of Christ | title="Faith and Football" | accessdate=2007-01-06}}</ref>


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After completing his studies at the [[Marcin Wadowita]] high school in Wadowice, in 1938 Karol enrolled at the [[Jagiellonian University]] in [[Kraków]], and in a school for drama.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.vatican.va/news_services/press/documentazione/documents/santopadre_biografie/giovanni_paolo_ii_biografia_breve_en.html | author=Holy See Press Office | publisher=Holy See Press Office | title="His Holiness John Paul II: Short Biography" | accessdate=2007-01-14}}</ref> He worked as a volunteer librarian and did compulsory military training in the Academic Legion, but refused to hold or fire a weapon. In his youth he was an [[sportsperson|athlete]], [[acting|actor]] and [[playwright]] and he learned as many as eighteen [[language]]s during his lifetime, including [[Latin]], [[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]], [[Greek language|Greek]], [[Spanish language|Spanish]], [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]], [[French language|French]], [[Italian language|Italian]], [[German language|German]], [[English language|English]], [[Chinese language|Chinese]], [[Japanese language|Japanese]], [[Croatian language|Croatian]], [[Arabic language|Arabic]], [[Persian language|Persian]], [[Romanian language|Romanian]], [[Turkish language|Turkish]], [[Korean language|Korean]] other than his native [[Polish language|Polish]]. He also had some facility with [[Russian language|Russian]].


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In 1939, [[Nazi]] occupation forces closed the [[Jagiellonian University]]; its academics were arrested and the university was suppressed throughout the [[Second World War]]. All able-bodied males had to have a job. From 1940 to 1944 Karol variously worked as a messenger for a restaurant and a manual labourer in a limestone quarry, and then as a salesman for the [[Solvay (company)|Solvay]] chemical factory to earn his living and to avoid being deported to Germany.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.vatican.va/news_services/press/documentazione/documents/santopadre_biografie/giovanni_paolo_ii_biografia_breve_en.html | author=Holy See Press Office | publisher=Holy See Press Office | title="His Holiness John Paul II: Short Biography" | accessdate=2007-01-14}}</ref>


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His father also died in 1941, when Karol was 20.


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===Church career===
[[Image:Karol Wojtyla-wikary w Niegowici.jpg|thumb|Karol Wojtyła as a priest in Niegowić, Poland, 1948]]
In 1942 he entered the [[Education in Poland during World War II|underground seminary]] run by the Archbishop of [[Kraków]], [[Adam Stefan Cardinal Sapieha|Cardinal Sapieha]]. Karol Wojtyła was [[ordination|ordained]] a [[priest]] on [[1 November]] [[1946]], by Cardinal Sapieha. Not long after, he was sent to study [[theology]] at the [[Pontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquinas]], commonly known as the [[Angelicum]], where he earned a [[licentiate]] and later a [[doctorate]] in sacred theology. This doctorate, the first of two, was based on the Latin dissertation ''Doctrina de fide apud S. Ioannem a Cruce'' (''The Doctrine of Faith According to Saint John of the Cross''). Even though his doctoral work was unanimously approved in June 1948, he was denied the degree because he could not afford to print the text of his dissertation (an Angelicum rule). In December of that year, a revised text of his dissertation was approved by the theological faculty of [[Jagiellonian University]] in [[Kraków]], and Wojtyła was finally awarded the degree.
He earned a second doctorate, based on an evaluation of the possibility of founding a Catholic ethic on the ethical system of [[phenomenologist]] [[Max Scheler]] (''An Evaluation of the Possibility of Constructing a Christian Ethics on the Basis of the System of Max Scheler''), in 1954. As was the case with the first degree, he was not granted the degree upon earning it. This time, the faculty at Jagiellonian University was forbidden by communist authorities from granting the degree. In conjunction with his [[habilitation]] at [[Catholic University of Lublin]], [[Poland]], he finally obtained the [[doctorate]] of [[philosophy]] in 1957 from that institution, where he had assumed the Chair of Ethics in 1956.


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On [[4 July]] [[1958]] [[Pope Pius XII]] named him [[titular bishop]] of [[Ombi]] and auxiliary to Archbishop Baziak, apostolic administrator of the [[Archdiocese]] of [[Kraków]]. He was consacrated to the Episcopate by Arcbishop Baziak on [[September 28]] [[1958]]. Karol Wojtyła found himself at 38 the youngest [[bishop]] in [[Poland]].


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In 1962 Bishop Wojtyła took part in the [[Second Vatican Council]], and in December 1963 [[Pope Paul VI]] appointed him [[Archbishop]] of [[Kraków]]. On [[26 June]] [[1967]], Paul VI announced Archbishop Wojtyła's promotion to the [[Sacred College of Cardinals]] with the title of ''[[Cardinal Priest]] of [[San Cesareo in Palatio]]''.


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===A Pope from Poland===
[[Image:PopeJohnPaulIIStatueAlmudena gobeirne.jpg|thumb|left|upright|Statue of Pope John Paul II, [[Catedral de la Almudena]], Madrid]]
{{main|Papal conclave, 1978 (October)}}
In August 1978 following Paul's death, he voted in the [[Conclave|Papal Conclave]] that elected [[Pope John Paul I]], who at 65 was considered young by papal standards. However, John Paul I was in poor health and he died after only 33 days as pope, thereby precipitating another conclave.


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Voting in the second conclave was divided between two particularly strong candidates: [[Giuseppe Siri]], the Archbishop of [[Genoa]]; and [[Giovanni Benelli]], the Archbishop of [[Florence]] and a close associate of [[Pope John Paul I]]. In early ballots, Benelli came within nine votes of victory. However, Wojtyła secured election as a compromise candidate, in part through the support of [[Franz Cardinal König]] and others who had previously supported Cardinal Siri.


Pellentesque tortor augue, bibendum sit amet, fermentum ac, lobortis vel, justo. Phasellus rutrum felis id augue. Ut dignissim, risus nec ultricies laoreet, lacus augue blandit dui, vitae dapibus quam diam id nunc. Mauris facilisis. Etiam vitae ante. Curabitur egestas magna adipiscing nunc. Aliquam vel dolor in eros hendrerit faucibus. Proin id eros vitae enim faucibus tincidunt. Sed turpis tellus, vehicula non, aliquet ut, convallis vel, eros. Vestibulum tempus diam in metus. Curabitur felis nulla, imperdiet in, mattis vel, rutrum sed, pede. Ut eu ipsum vitae quam faucibus aliquet. Class aptent taciti sociosqu ad litora torquent per conubia nostra, per inceptos hymenaeos. Nam nibh. Nulla elit lacus, ullamcorper ac, suscipit in, pretium ac, nisi.
He became the 264th Pope according to the chronological [[List of popes]]. At only 58 years of age, he was the youngest pope elected since [[Pope Pius IX]] in 1846. Like his immediate predecessor, Pope John Paul II dispensed with the traditional [[Papal coronation]] and instead received ecclesiastical [[investiture]] with the simplified [[Papal inauguration]] on [[22 October]] [[1978]]. During his inauguration, when the cardinals kneel before him, take their vows and kiss his ring, he stood up as the Polish primate [[Stefan Cardinal Wyszynski]] knelt down, stopped him from kissing the ring and hugged him (SABC2 "The Greatest souls" documentary 2005). As [[Bishop of Rome]] he took possession of his [[Cathedral|Cathedral Church]], the [[Basilica of St. John Lateran]], on [[12 November]][[1978]].


Ut auctor nunc vel urna. Fusce eget nisi eget felis pellentesque eleifend. Phasellus consectetuer lectus id risus. Cras erat risus, aliquam sollicitudin, elementum sed, consequat nec, magna. Nam orci enim, congue vel, fermentum quis, lobortis eu, nibh. Mauris ut turpis. Curabitur cursus erat a tellus. Etiam interdum rhoncus turpis. Sed tincidunt. Integer consectetuer hendrerit magna. Integer pellentesque massa ac urna. Ut semper. Aenean porta sodales enim. Pellentesque tempor nonummy nunc. Quisque ultrices dolor eu ipsum. Pellentesque posuere venenatis ipsum. In hac habitasse platea dictumst. Integer euismod erat vitae tellus. Fusce consequat, quam sit amet suscipit congue, tellus purus blandit sapien, nec aliquet sem velit in purus.
=== Assassination attempts ===
{{Main|1981 Pope John Paul II assassination attempt|Juan María Fernández y Krohn}}


Cras et risus sit amet turpis varius rutrum. Donec rutrum mattis ipsum. Cras sed turpis id tellus mollis tempor. In accumsan, libero nec hendrerit tincidunt, tellus ante venenatis quam, sed tincidunt ligula nunc in ante. In hac habitasse platea dictumst. Nunc orci mauris, viverra sed, ornare sit amet, mollis id, nibh. Curabitur pretium. Integer sagittis, neque vitae egestas tempus, neque ante auctor lacus, in mattis lectus lacus nec pede. Suspendisse lacinia nunc in metus. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Sed ultrices. Mauris sed tellus. Maecenas consectetuer, nisl sit amet blandit vulputate, metus nisi placerat sapien, vel sollicitudin leo diam mattis leo. Aenean lobortis nulla at sapien.
On [[13 May]] [[1981]] John Paul II was shot and critically wounded by [[Mehmet Ali Ağca]], a [[Turkish people|Turkish]] gunman, as he entered [[Saint Peter's Square|St. Peter's Square]] to address an audience. He was rushed into the Vatican complex, then to hospital. En route to the hospital, he lost consciousness. Ağca was caught and sentenced to [[life imprisonment]]. Two days after [[Christmas]] 1983, John Paul II visited the prison where his would-be assassin was being held. The two spoke privately for 20 minutes. John Paul II said, "What we talked about will have to remain a secret between him and me. I spoke to him as a brother whom I have pardoned and who has my complete trust." The pope also stated that [[Our Lady of Fatima]] helped keep him alive throughout his ordeal.


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{{cquote|Could I forget that the event [Ali Ağca's assassination attempt] in St. Peter’s Square took place on the day and at the hour when the first appearance of the Mother of Christ to the poor little peasants has been remembered for over sixty years at Fátima, Portugal? For in everything that happened to me on that very day, I felt that extraordinary motherly protection and care, which turned out to be stronger than the deadly bullet.|25px|25px|Pope John Paul II -''Memory & Identity'', Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 2005, p.184}}


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[[Image:FahriKoruturkJeanPaulII.jpg|thumb|left|upright|Pope John Paul II visiting with Turkish President Fahri Koruturk in Ankara, Turkey]]


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On [[2 March]] [[2006]], an Italian parliamentary commission concluded that the [[Soviet Union]] was behind the attempt, in retaliation for John Paul II's support of [[Solidarity]], the Catholic, pro-democratic Polish workers' movement, a thesis which had already been supported by [[Michael Ledeen]] and the United States [[Central Intelligence Agency]] at the time. The report stated that certain Communist [[Bulgaria]]n security departments were utilized to prevent the Soviet Union's role from being uncovered.<ref>[http://www.breitbart.com/news/2006/03/02/D8G3J3J00.html Italian Panel: Soviets Behind Pope Attack] By VICTOR L. SIMPSON Associated Press Writer</ref> Although the Pope declared during a May 2002 visit to Bulgaria that this country had nothing to do with the assassination attempt, his secretary, Cardinal Stanislaw Dziwisz, alleges in his book ''A Life with Karol'' that the pope was convinced privately that the KGB was behind the assassination attempt.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/6288165.stm Late Pope 'thought of retiring'] BBC News</ref> Bulgaria and Russia disputed the Italian commission's conclusions, pointing out that the Pope denied the Bulgarian connection. This thesis was also central to [[Tom Clancy]]'s novel ''[[Red Rabbit]]'', published in 2002.

Another assassination attempt took place on [[12 May]] [[1982]], just a day before the anniversary of the last attempt on his life, in [[Fatima, Portugal]] when a man tried to stab John Paul II with a [[bayonet]], but was stopped by security guards. The psychopathic assailant, an ultraconservative and right wing Spanish ex-[[priest]] named [[Juan María Fernández y Krohn]], a former priest of the [[Diocese]] of [[Madrid]], reportedly opposed the reforms of the [[Second Vatican Council]] and called the pope an agent of Communist [[Moscow]]. Fernández y Krohn subsequently left the Roman Catholic priesthood and the Church and served a six-year sentence, was treated for mental illness and was expelled from [[Portugal]] afterwards, only to become a lawyer in [[Belgium]], where he would try to assassinate King [[Juan Carlos I of Spain]].

Pope John Paul II was also one of the targets of the Al Qaeda-funded [[Operation Bojinka]] during a visit to the Philippines in 1995.

=== Health ===
{{main|Health of Pope John Paul II}}
[[Image:PapstJPII20040922.jpg|thumb|right|The ailing Pope John Paul II riding in the [[Popemobile]] on [[September 22]] [[2004]]]]
When he became pope in 1978, John Paul II was an avid sportsman, enjoying [[hiking]] and [[swimming]]. In addition, John Paul II traveled extensively after becoming pope; at the time, the 58-year old was extremely healthy and active, jogging in the Vatican gardens (to the horror of Vatican staff, who informed him that his jogging could be seen by tourists climbing to the summit of the dome of St. Peter's Basilica. The pope's response, according to media reports, was "so what?"), [[weightlifting]], swimming and hiking in mountains.

John Paul's obvious physical fitness and looks earned much comment in the media following his election, which compared his health and trim figure to the poor health of John Paul I and Paul VI, the portliness of John XXIII and the constant claims of ailments of Pius XII. The only modern pope with a keep-fit regime had been [[Pope Pius XI]] (1922&ndash;1939) who was an avid mountain climber. An [[Irish Independent]] article in the 1980s labeled John Paul the "the keep-fit pope."

In 1981, though, John Paul II's health suffered a major blow after the first failed [[assassination]] attempt. After being shot, John Paul II was rushed to the [[Agostino Gemelli University Polyclinic]] in Rome, where he received extensive emergency surgery. The bullet-wound caused severe [[bleeding]], and the Pope's [[blood pressure]] dropped. Due to intestinal damage, a [[colostomy]] was also performed. He nevertheless managed to recover, and in his speeches from the hospital window, which would always attract large crowds, he defined "the [[Agostino Gemelli University Polyclinic|Gemelli]]" as "the third Vatican" (the first being St. Peter's, and the second the papal summer residence at [[Castel Gandolfo]]). He went on to a full recovery, and sported an impressive physical condition throughout the 1980s.

Starting about 1992, John Paul II's health slowly declined. He began to suffer from an increasingly slurred speech and difficulty in hearing. In addition, the Pope rarely walked in public. Though not officially confirmed by the [[Roman Curia|Vatican]] until 2003, most experts agreed that the frail pontiff suffered from [[Parkinson's disease]]. The contrast between the athletic John Paul of the 1970s and the declining John Paul of later years was striking. From being strikingly fitter than his predecessors, he had declined physically to far more ill health than was the norm among more elderly popes.

In February 2005 John Paul II was taken to the [[Agostino Gemelli University Polyclinic|Gemelli hospital]] with [[inflammation]] and spasm of the [[larynx]], the result of [[influenza]]. Though later released from the hospital, he was taken back after a few days because of difficulty breathing. A [[tracheotomy]] was performed, which improved the Pope's breathing but limited his speaking abilities, to his visible frustration. In March 2005, speculation was high that the Pope was near death; this was confirmed by the Vatican a few days before John Paul II died.

=== Death ===
[[Image:John Paul II funeral.jpg|thumb|left|President [[George W. Bush]], First Lady [[Laura Bush]], former Presidents [[George H.W. Bush|Bush]] and [[Bill Clinton|Clinton]] pay their respects to John Paul II as he [[lying in state|lies in state]] in [[St. Peter's Basilica]], [[6 Apri]] [[2005]].]]

On [[31 March]] [[2005]] the Pope developed a very high [[fever]] and profoundly [[hypotension|low blood pressure]], but was neither rushed to the hospital nor offered life support. Instead, he was offered medical monitoring by a team of consultants at his private residence. This was taken as an indication that the pope and those close to him believed that he was nearing death; it would have been in accordance with his wishes to die in the Vatican.<ref>"[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/4399189.stm Frail Pope suffers heart failure]," ''BBC News'', [[1 April]] [[2005]] (accessed [[11 June]] [[2005]]).</ref> Later that day Vatican sources announced that John Paul II had been given the [[Anointing of the Sick]] by his friend and secretary [[Stanisław Dziwisz]]. During the final days of the Pope's life, the lights were kept burning through the night where he lay in the Papal apartment on the top floor of the [[Apostolic Palace]].

Thousands of people rushed to the Vatican, filling [[St. Peter's Square]] and beyond, and held vigil for two days. Upon hearing of this, the dying pope was said to have stated: "I have searched for you, and now you have come to me, and I thank you."

On Saturday [[2 April]], at about 15:30 CEST, John Paul II spoke his final words, "Let me go to the house of the Father", to his aides in his native Polish and fell into a [[coma]] about four hours later.<ref>"[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/4257994.stm John Paul's last words revealed], ''BBC News'', [[18 September]] [[2005]] (accessed [[18 September]] [[2005]]).</ref> He died in his private apartment, at 21:37 [[CEST]] (19:37 [[UTC]]), 46 days short of his 85th birthday. The mass of the vigil of the Second Sunday of Easter, that is, Divine Mercy Sunday which was put into the Church's calendar by him on the occasion of the canonization of [[Faustyna Kowalska|St. Faustina]] on [[30 April]] [[2000]],<ref>[http://www.ewtn.com/devotionals/mercy/feast.htm The Feast Of Mercy] EWTN</ref> had just been celebrated at his bedside. Several aides were present, along with several Polish nuns of the Congregation of the Sisters Servants of the Most Sacred Heart of [[Jesus]], who ran the papal household.
{{wikinews|Pope John Paul II dies}}
A crowd of over two million within Vatican City, over one billion Catholics world-wide, and many non-Catholics mourned John Paul II. The [[Poles]] were particularly devastated by his death. The public viewing of his body in [[St. Peter's Basilica]] drew over four million people to Vatican City and was one of the largest [[pilgrimage]]s in the [[history of Christianity]]. Many world leaders expressed their condolences and ordered flags in their countries lowered to half-mast. Numerous countries with a Catholic majority, and even some with only a small Catholic population, declared mourning for John Paul II.

On his death certificate, (refractory) [[septic shock]] was listed as a primary cause of death along with profound arterial [[hypotension]] leading to complete circulatory collapse. In cases of fatal sepsis, the normal cause of death is complete circulatory collapse.

=== Funeral ===
[[Image:Johnpauliitomb.jpg|right|thumb|upright|The [[tomb]] of John Paul II]]
<!-- Image with unknown copyright status removed: [[Image:jp2crowdstoseepope.jpg|thumb|300px|right|<small>©[[Associated Press]]</small><br>Two million people reportedly viewed Pope John Paul II's body lying in state.]] -->
{{main|Funeral of Pope John Paul II}}
The death of Pope John Paul II set into motion [[ritual]]s and traditions dating back to [[medieval]] times. The [[Rite of Visitation]] took place from [[4 April]] through 22:00 CET (20:00 [[UTC]]) on [[7 April]] at [[St. Peter's Basilica]]. On [[8 April]] the Mass of [[Requiem]] was conducted by the Dean of the College of Cardinals, [[Pope Benedict XVI|Joseph Ratzinger]], who would become the next pope under the name of Benedict XVI. It has been estimated to have been the largest attended funeral of all time.

John Paul II was interred in the grottoes under the basilica, the Tomb of the Popes. He was lowered into a tomb that had been created in the same alcove that had been occupied by the remains of [[Pope John XXIII|Blessed Pope John XXIII]]. The alcove had been empty since Pope John's remains had been moved into the main body of the basilica after his [[beatification]] by John Paul II in 2000.

The funeral of Pope John Paul II saw the single largest gathering of heads of state in history who had come together to pay their respects.{{Fact|date=February 2007}} In his memory, a number of Catholic schools have named their houses after him.

=== Titles ===
His title was: [[Bishop of Rome]], [[Vicar]] of [[Jesus Christ]], Successor of [[Saint Peter]], Head of the [[College of Bishops]], Supreme Pontiff of the Universal Church, Patriarch of the West (this title was recently removed from the papal list of titles by the reigning pope, Benedict XVI), [[Primate of Italy]], Archbishop and Metropolitan of the [[Roman Province]], Sovereign of the [[City State of the Vatican]], Servant of the Servants of God Pope John Paul II.

== Posthumous recognition and cause for canonization ==
[[Image:Plaza Juan Pablo II.jpg|thumb|250px|Statue of John Paul II in [[Caracas, Venezuela]]]]
Since the death of John Paul II, a number of clergy at the Vatican and laymen throughout the world have been referring to the late pontiff as "John Paul the Great"&mdash;only the fourth pope to be so acclaimed, and the first since the first millennium.

His successor, [[Pope Benedict XVI]], referred to him as "the great Pope John Paul II" in his first address from the [[loggia]] of St Peter's Church. Pope Benedict XVI, then Cardinal Ratzinger, stirred excitement by some devotees of the pope when in his published written homily for the Mass of Repose, he referred to Pope John Paul II as "the Great."

Since giving his homily at the funeral of Pope John Paul, Pope Benedict XVI has continued to refer to John Paul II as "the Great." At the 2005 World Youth Day in Germany, Pope Benedict XVI, speaking in Polish, John Paul's native language, said, "As the great Pope John Paul II would say: keep the flame of faith alive in your lives and your people." In May 2006, Pope Benedict XVI visited John Paul's native Poland. During that visit he repeatedly made references to "the great John Paul" and "my great predecessor."

In addition to the Vatican calling him "the great," numerous newspapers have also done so. For example the Italian newspaper ''[[Corriere della Sera]]'' called him "the Greatest" and the South African Catholic newspaper, The Southern Cross, has called him "John Paul II The Great."

Scholars of [[Canon law (Catholic Church)|Canon Law]] say that there is no official process for declaring a pope "Great"; the title establishes itself through popular, and continued, usage. The three popes who today commonly are known as "Great" are [[Pope Leo I|Leo I]], who reigned from [[440]]&ndash;[[461]] and persuaded [[Attila the Hun]] to withdraw from Rome, thus saving Christianity and Catholicism in Europe from destruction; [[Pope Gregory I|Gregory I]], [[590]]&ndash;[[604]], after whom the [[Gregorian Chant]] is named; and [[Pope Nicholas I|Nicholas I]], [[858]]&ndash;[[867]], who also withstood a siege of Rome (in this case from [[Carolingian]] Christians, over a dispute regarding marriage [[annulment]]).

[[Image:Johannes-paul-II-tschenstochau.png|thumb|upright|left|One of many John Paul II statues]]

On [[May 9]] [[2005]] [[Pope Benedict XVI|Benedict XVI]] began the [[beatification]] process for his predecessor, John Paul II. Normally five years must pass after a person's death before the beatification process can begin. However, in an audience with Pope Benedict XVI, [[Camillo Ruini]], [[Vicar General]] of the [[Holy See|Diocese of Rome]] and the one responsible for promoting the [[Canonization|cause for canonization]] of any person who dies within that diocese, cited "exceptional circumstances" which suggested that the waiting period could be waived.

The "exceptional circumstances" presumably refer to the people's cries of "Santo Subito!" ("Saint now!") during the late pontiff's funeral. Therefore the new Pope waived the five year rule "so that the cause of Beatification and Canonization of the same Servant of God can begin immediately."<ref>[http://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/congregations/csaints/documents/rc_con_csaints_doc_20050509_rescritto-gpii_en.html RESPONSE OF HIS HOLINESS BENEDICT XVI FOR THE EXAMINATION OF THE CAUSE FOR BEATIFICATION AND CANONIZATION OF THE SERVANT OF GOD JOHN PAUL II] Vatican News</ref> The decision was announced on [[May 13]][[2005]], the Feast of [[Our Lady of Fatima]] and the 24th anniversary of the assassination attempt on John Paul II at St. Peter's Square.<ref>[http://www.zenit.org/english/visualizza.phtml?sid=70889 Waiting Period Waived for John Paul II Benedict XVI Opens Predecessor's Cause of Beatification ROME, [[May 13]], [[2005]]] ZENIT - The World Seen From Rome</ref> John Paul II often credited Our Lady of Fatima for preserving him on that day. Cardinal Ruini inaugurated the diocesan phase of the cause for beatification in the Lateran Basilica on [[28 June]] [[2005]].<ref>[http://www.zenit.org/english/visualizza.phtml?sid=73395 John Paul II's Cause for Beatification Opens VATICAN CITY,] [[June 28]], [[2005]]</ref>

In early 2006, it was reported that the Vatican was investigating a possible [[miracle]] associated with John Paul II. A [[French people|French]] nun, confined to her bed by [[Parkinson's Disease]], is reported to have experienced a "complete and lasting cure after members of her community prayed for the intercession of Pope John Paul II".<ref>[http://www.abc.net.au/news/newsitems/200601/s1558425.htm Vatican may have found Pope John Paul's 'miracle'] ABC News online</ref><ref>[http://www.cwnews.com/news/viewstory.cfm?recnum=42131 Miracle attributed to John Paul II involved Parkinson's disease, Rome, Jan. 30, 2006] Catholic World News</ref> The nun was later identified as [[Sister Marie-Simon-Pierre]], a member of the Congregation of Little Sisters of Catholic Maternity Wards from Puyricard, near [[Aix-en-Provence]].<ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/2007/03/30/world/europe/30vatican.html?_r=1&oref=slogin Nun Who Claims Cure by John Paul II Emerges to Make Her Case] New York Times, Europe</ref>

On [[May 28]], [[2006]], Pope Benedict XVI said Mass before an estimated 900,000 people in John Paul II's native Poland. During his homily he encouraged prayers for the early canonization of John Paul II and stated that he hoped canonization would happen "in the near future."

In January 2007, it was announced by [[Stanisław Dziwisz|Stanislaw Cardinal Dziwisz]] of Krakow, his former secretary, that the key interviewing phase in Italy and Poland of the beatification process was nearing completion. Cardinal Dziwisz had been giving an interview that featured the introduction of his new book in Polish and Italian, ''[[Living With Karol]]'', when he made the announcement. In February 2007, the website of the late pope's sainthood cause has stated that relics of Pope John Paul II — pieces of white papal cassocks he used to wear — were being freely distributed with prayer cards for the cause to interested parties; this distribution and prayerful use of relics is a typical praiseworthy pious practice after a saintly Catholic's death.

On [[8 March]] [[2007]] it was announced that the [[Cardinal vicar|Vicariate of Rome]] announced that the [[Diocese|diocesan]] phase of John Paul's cause for beatification is at an end. Following a ceremony on [[2 April]] [[2007]] — the second anniversary of the Pontiff's death — the cause proceeded to the scrutiny of the committee of lay, clerical, and episcopal members of the [[Roman Curia|Vatican's]] [[Congregation for the Causes of Saints]], who will conduct an investigation of their own.

Not all Catholic theologians agree with the call for beatification. Eleven dissident theologians, including Jesuit professor [[Jose Maria Castillo]] and Italian theologian [[Giovanni Franzoni]] raised seven points, including his stance on contraception, the role of women, and Church scandals that presented "facts which according to their consciences and convictions should be an obstacle to beatification."<ref>[http://www.catholicnewsagency.com/showarchive.php?date=2005-12-06#10 Dissident theologians participate in the canonization process of Pope John Paul II] Catholic News Agency, [[6 December]] [[2005]] (accessed [[26 June]] [[2007]])</ref>

==Life's work==
===Teachings===
[[Image:Pápež Košice1.jpg|left|thumb|upright|John Paul II‘s statue in [[Košice]], [[Slovakia]]. The statue was unveiled by Cardinal [[Stanisław Dziwisz]], a former private secretary to Pope John Paul II.]]
:Main article: ''[[Teachings of Pope John Paul II]]''
As pope, one of John Paul II's most important roles was to teach people about [[Christianity]]. He wrote 14 papal [[encyclicals]] ([[List of Encyclicals of Pope John Paul II]]) that many observers believe will have long-lasting influence on the church.

In his Apostolic Letter ''At the beginning of the third millennium'' (''[[Novo Millennio Ineunte]]''), he emphasized the importance of "starting afresh from [[Christ]]": "No, we shall not be saved by a formula but by a Person." In what he calls a "program for all times," he placed "sanctity" as the single most important priority of all pastoral activities in the entire Catholic Church. He canonized many saints around the world as exemplars for his vision and he supported the prelature of [[Opus Dei]], whose aim is to spread the message of the [[universal call to holiness]] and the sanctification of secular activities, which he said is a "great ideal" and a "characteristic mark" of the Second Vatican Council.

In ''The Splendour of the Truth'' (''[[Veritatis Splendor]]'') he emphasized the dependence of man on God and his law ("Without the Creator, the creature disappears") and the "dependence of freedom on the truth". He warned that man "giving himself over to [[relativism]] and [[skepticism]], goes off in search of an illusory freedom apart from truth itself".

In ''[[Fides et Ratio]]'' (''On the Relationship between Faith and Reason'') John Paul promotes a renewed interest in philosophy and an autonomous pursuit for Truth in theological matters. Drawing on many different sources (such as Thomism), he describes the mutually supporting relationship between faith and reason, and emphasizes why it is important that theologians should focus on the relationship. John Paul proposes that philosophy has lost its meaning (''e.g.'', the pursuit for objective truth), and that restoring it will ultimately help cure the nihilistic condition of our current age; and, moreover, lead to the Truth of sacred scripture.

John Paul II also wrote extensively about workers and the social doctrine of the Church, which he discussed in three encyclicals. Through his encyclicals, John Paul also talked about the dignity of women and the importance of the [[family]] for the future of mankind, and many Apostolic Letters and Exhortations.

Other [[encyclical]]s include ''The Gospel of Life'' (''[[Evangelium Vitae]]'') and ''Orientale Lumen'' (''Light of the East''). Often accused of inflexibility through misunderstanding of the office of the papacy in asserting Church Teaching, he explicitly reiterated and asserted unchanged 2,000-year old Catholic teaching on moral matters like murder, euthanasia and abortion. These, like all statements on faith and morals, according to the [[Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith]], when asserted in the official papal capacity possess the quality referred to as infallibility.

John Paul II, who was present and very influential at the [[Second Vatican Council|Vatican II]] (1962&ndash;65), affirmed the teachings of that Council and did much to implement them. Nevertheless, his critics often wished aloud that he would embrace the so-called "progressive" agenda that some hoped would evolve as a result of the Council. In fact, the Council did not advocate "progressive" changes in these areas, ''e.g.'', still condemning the taking of unborn human life through abortion as an "unspeakable crime". John Paul II continued to declare that [[contraception]], [[abortion]], and [[Homosexuality|homosexual acts]] were gravely sinful, and, with [[Pope Benedict XVI|Cardinal Ratzinger]] (future Pope Benedict XVI), opposed [[Liberation theology]].

He believed in the Church's exaltation of the marital act of [[sexual intercourse]] between a baptized man and woman within sacramental [[marriage]] as proper and exclusive to the [[sacrament]] of marriage that was, in every instance, profaned by contraception, abortion, divorce followed by a 'second' marriage, and by homosexual acts. Often mistakenly assumed to be a rejection against women, he definitively explained and asserted in 1994 for all time the Church's lack of authority to ordain women to the priesthood, without such authority such ordination is not legitimately compatible with fidelity to Christ. This was also deemed a repudiation of calls to break with the constant tradition of the Church by ordaining women to the priesthood. ([http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/john_paul_ii/apost_letters/documents/hf_jp-ii_apl_22051994_ordinatio-sacerdotalis_en.html Apostolic Letter 'Ordinatio Sacerdotalis']) In addition, John Paul II chose not to end the discipline of mandatory priestly [[celibacy]], although in a small number of unusual circumstances, he did allow certain married clergymen of other Christian traditions who later became Catholic to be ordained as Catholic priests.

John Paul II, as a writer of [[philosophical]] and [[theology|theological]] thought, was characterized by his explorations in [[phenomenology]] and [[personalism]]. He is also known for his development of the [[Theology of the Body]].

Philosophers and theologians influenced by him include-among countless others: his successor, [[Pope Benedict XVI]], [[Jurgen Habermas]], [[John Haas]], [[Andrew Greeley]], [[Rocco Buttiglione]], [[Hans Köchler]], [[George Weigel]], [[Scott Hahn]], [[Mary Beth Bonacci]], [[Deirdre McQuaide]], [[Antoinette Bosco]], [[Hans Kung]], [[Yves Congar]], [[Avery Dulles|Avery Dulles, SJ]], [[John J. Myers]], Archbishop Raymond Leo Burke, [[Joseph Bernardin]], [[Francis Cardinal George]], [[O.M.I.]], [[Timothy M. Dolan]], [[Edward Egan]], [[John O'Connor]], Bishop Fabian Bruskewitz, [[Christoph Schonborn]], [[Stanislaw Dziwisz]], [[Franciszek Macharski]], [[Józef Glemp]], [[Peter Hans Kolvenbach]], [[S.J.]], [[Paolo Dezza]], [[Pedro Arrupe]], [[S.J.]], [[Oscar Romero]], [[Mother Theresa]], [[Walter Kasper]], [[Michael Fitzgerald]], [[Jean-Marie Lustiger]], [[André Vingt-Trois]], and [[Elio Sgreccia]].



=== Pastoral trips ===
{{main|Pastoral trips of Pope John Paul II}}
[[Image:JPIITravelsMap.PNG|thumb|Map indicating countries Pope John Paul II visited.<!-- (bad info, John Paul II was in Slovakia three times) -->]]
[[Image:Pope-poland.jpg|right|thumb|Millions cheer Pope John Paul II during his first visit to Poland as pontiff in 1979]]
During his pontificate, Pope John Paul II made trips to 117 countries.<ref>[http://www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/1999/pope/legacy/ CNN, the Pope's Legacy (1999)]</ref> In total he logged more than 1.1 million km (725,000 miles). He consistently attracted large crowds on his travels, some amongst the largest ever assembled in human history. While some of his trips (such as to the [[United States]] and the [[Holy Land]]) were to places previously visited by [[Pope Paul VI]] (the first pope to travel widely), many others were to places that no pope had ever visited before. All these travels were paid by the money of the countries he visited and not by the Vatican.

One of John Paul II's earliest official visits was to [[Poland]], in June 1979.<ref>"[http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/june/2/newsid_3972000/3972361.stm 1979: Millions cheer as the Pope comes home]," from "On This Day, [[2 June]] [[1979]]," ''BBC News'' (accessed [[11 June]] [[2005]]).</ref> In 1979, he also visited the City of New York. He preached at Yankee Stadium, Shea Stadium and Madison Square Garden. In 1981, Pope John Paul II was the first Pope to visit Japan. In 1982 he became the first reigning pope to travel to the [[United Kingdom]], where he met [[Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom|Queen Elizabeth II]], the [[Supreme Governor of the Church of England|Supreme Governor]] of the [[Church of England]].

Throughout his trips, he stressed his devotion to the [[Blessed Virgin Mary]] through visits to various [[shrines to the Virgin Mary]], notably [[Knock, County Mayo|Knock]] in [[Ireland]], [[Licheń Stary]] in Poland, [[Fátima, Portugal|Fátima]] in [[Portugal]], [[Our Lady of Guadalupe|Guadalupe]] in [[Mexico]] and [[Lourdes]] in [[France]].

In 1984 John Paul II became the first Pope to visit [[South Korea]] and [[Puerto Rico]]. In 1985 he visited [[Peru]] and in 1988 he made a trip to Lesotho to beatify Joseph Gerrad.<ref>[http://www.usccb.org/pope/beatify.htm#10 Beatifications During Pope John Paul II’s Pontificate, 1988.]</ref> On [[15 January]] [[1995]] he offered Mass to an estimated crowd of between four and eight million in [[Luneta Park]], [[Manila, Philippines]], the largest ever papal crowd, and considered the largest single event in human history. On [[20 January]] [[1998]], Pope John Paul II became the first pontiff to visit [[Cuba]]. During his visit, John Paul sharply criticized Cuba's stance on religious expression, as well as [[United States embargo against Cuba|US sanctions against Cuba]]. In 1995 he took a trip to South Africa, on which he met the former President Nelson Mandela. On [[22 March]] [[1998]] he paid a second visit to [[Nigeria]]. Also in 1999 John Paul II made another of his multiple trips to the United States. In 2000 he became the first modern Catholic pope to visit [[Egypt]], where he met with the [[Coptic Christianity|Coptic pope]] and the [[Greek Orthodox Patriarch of Alexandria]]. In May 2001 the Pontiff took a pilgrimage that would trace the steps of his co-namesake, [[Paul of Tarsus|Saint Paul]], across the [[Mediterranean]], from [[Greece]] to [[Syria]] to [[Malta]].

Pope John Paul II was greeted by U.S. President [[Bill Clinton]] and then-First Lady [[Hillary Clinton]], at [[Lambert International Airport]] for his Papal visit to [[St. Louis]], [[Missouri]] in 1999.

He was the first Catholic Pope to visit and pray in an [[Islamic]] [[mosque]], in [[Damascus]], [[Syria]]. He visited [[Umayyad Mosque]], where [[John the Baptist]] is believed to be interred.

In September 2001 amid post-[[September 11, 2001 attacks|September 11]] concerns, he traveled to [[Kazakhstan]], with an audience of largely Muslims, and to [[Armenia]], to participate in the celebration of the 1700 years of [[Christianity]] in that nation.

He visited Kenya, in 1995 and fluently said Mass in Nairobi in Kiswahili, Kenya's national language and [[East Timor]] where, also fluently, he said Mass in [[Indonesian language|Indonesian]].

=== Relations with other religions ===
Pope John Paul II traveled extensively and came into contact with believers from many divergent faiths. He constantly attempted to find common ground, both doctrinal and dogmatic. At the [[World Day of Prayer for Peace]], held in [[Assisi]] on [[October 27]] [[1986]], more than 120 representatives of different religions and Christian denominations spent a day together with fasting and praying.<ref name="Pace preventiva"> [[Andrea Riccardi]]. ''La pace preventiva.'' [[Milan]]: San Paolo 2004. </ref>

====Anglicanism====

Pope John Paul II had good relations with the Anglican Church, referred to by Paul VI as "our beloved Sister Church". He preached in [[Canterbury Cathedral]] during his visit to Britain, and received [[Archbishop of Canterbury|Archbishops of Canterbury]] with friendship and courtesy. However, John Paul II was greatly disappointed by the Anglican Church's decision to offer the sacrament of priestly ordination to women and saw it as a step in the opposite direction from unity between the Anglican Church and Roman Catholicism.

==== Judaism ====
[[Relations between Catholicism and Judaism]] improved during the pontificate of John Paul II. He spoke frequently about the Church's relationship with [[Jew]]s.

As a child, Karol Wojtyła had played sports with his many Jewish neighbors. In 1979 he became the first Pope to visit the [[Auschwitz concentration camp|Nazi Auschwitz concentration camp]] in [[Poland]], where many of his countrymen (mostly Polish Jews) had perished during the [[Nazism|German Nazi]] occupation. He also became the first pope known to have made an official papal visit to a synagogue, when he visited the [[Synagogue of Rome]] on [[April 13]] [[1986]].

In 1994, in honor of the establishment of diplomatic relations between the [[Holy See]] and the [[State of Israel]], Pope John Paul II hosted "The Papal Concert to Commemorate the Holocaust." This concert, which was conceived and conducted by American Maestro [[Gilbert Levine]], was attended by the Chief [[Rabbi]] of [[Rome]], the [[President of the Italian Republic|President]] of [[Italy]], and survivors of the [[Holocaust]] from around the world.

In March 2000, John Paul II visited [[Yad Vashem]], (the Israeli national [[the Holocaust|Holocaust]] memorial) in [[Israel]] and later made history by touching the holiest site in [[Judaism]], the [[Western Wall]] in [[Jerusalem]], placing a letter inside it (in which he prayed for forgiveness for the actions against Jews in the past).<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/march/26/newsid_4168000/4168803.stm 2000: Pope prays for Holocaust forgiveness]</ref> In October 2003 the [[Anti-Defamation League]] (ADL) issued a statement congratulating John Paul II on entering the 25th year of his papacy.

Immediately after the pope's death, the ADL issued a statement that Pope John Paul II had revolutionized Catholic-Jewish relations, saying that "more change for the better took place in his 27 year Papacy than in the nearly 2,000 years before." (''Pope John Paul II: An Appreciation: A Visionary Remembered'').

==== Eastern Orthodox Church ====
{{main|Pope John Paul II's relations with the Eastern Orthodox Church}}
In May 1999, John Paul II visited [[Romania]] on the invitation from Patriarch [[Teoctist]] of the [[Romanian Orthodox Church]]. This was the first time a pope had visited a predominantly Eastern Orthodox country since the [[East-West Schism|Great Schism]] in [[1054]]. On his arrival, the Patriarch and the President of Romania, [[Emil Constantinescu]], greeted the Pope. The Patriarch stated, "The second millennium of Christian history began with a painful wounding of the unity of the Church; the end of this millennium has seen a real commitment to restoring Christian unity."

John Paul II visited other heavily Orthodox areas such as [[Ukraine]], despite lack of welcome at times, and he said that an end to the Schism was one of his fondest wishes.

The Pope had also said throughout his pontificate that one of his greatest dreams was to visit [[Russia]], but this never occurred. He had made several attempts to solve the problems which arose over a period of centuries between the [[Roman Catholic Church|Catholic]] and [[Russian Orthodox Church|Russian Orthodox]] churches, such as giving back the icon of [[Our Lady of Kazan]] in August 2004. However, the Russian Orthodox Church never expressed much enthusiasm, making statements to the effect of: "The question of the visit of the Pope in Russia is not connected by the journalists with the problems between the Churches, which are now unreal to solve, but with giving back one of many sacred things, which were illegally stolen from Russia." ([[Vsevolod Chaplin]]).

====Buddhism====
[[Tenzin Gyatso, 14th Dalai Lama|Tenzin Gyatso]], the 14th [[Dalai Lama]] and the spiritual leader of [[Tibetan Buddhism]], visited Pope John Paul II eight times, more than any other single dignitary. The Pope and the Dalai Lama often shared similar views and understood similar plights, both coming from peoples affected by [[communism]] and both being heads of religious bodies.

====Islam====
On [[6 May]] [[2001]], Pope John Paul II became the first Catholic pope to enter and pray in an Islamic mosque. He visited [[Umayyad Mosque]] in Damascus, Syria, where [[John the Baptist]] is believed to be interred, and gave a speech including the statement: "For all the times that Muslims and Christians have offended one another, we need to seek forgiveness from the Almighty and to offer each other forgiveness." [http://www.catholic-forum.com/saintS/pope0264qr.htm] He also famously kissed the Quran in Syria [http://www.jimmyakin.org/2006/04/jp2_and_the_qur.html], an act which made him popular amongst Muslims.

In 2005, Pope John Paul II hosted the "Papal Concert of Reconciliation," which brought together leaders of [[Islam]] with leaders of the [[Jewish]] community and of the [[Roman Catholic Church|Catholic Church]] at the [[Apostolic Palace|Vatican]] for a concert by choirs from [[Poland]], the [[United Kingdom]], the [[United States]], and [[Turkey]] with the [[Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra]]. The event was conceived and conducted by Sir [[Gilbert Levine]], [[Order of St. Gregory the Great|KCSG]] and was broadcast throughout the world.

===The Pope for youth===
[[Image:Karol Wojtyla-splyw.jpg|thumb|Father Karol Wojtyła on kayak trip]]
John Paul II had a special relationship also with Catholic youth and is known by some as The Pope for Youth. Before he was pope he used to camp and mountain hike with the youth. He still went mountain hiking when he was pope. He was a hero to many of them. Indeed, at gatherings, young Catholics, and conceivably non-Catholics, were often fond of chanting the phrase "JP Two, We Love You", and occasionally John Paul would reply "JP Two, He Loves YOU!" He was particularly concerned with the education of young future Priests, and made many early visits to Roman seminaries, including to the [[Venerable English College]] in 1979.

He established [[World Youth Day]] in 1984 with the intention of bringing young Catholics from all parts of the world together to celebrate their faith. These week-long meetings of youth occur every two or three years, attracting hundreds of thousands of young people, who go there to sing, party, have a good time and deepen their faith. Some of his most faithful youths gathered themselves in two organizations: "[[papaboys]]" and "papagirls."

===Apologies===
Over the later parts of his reign, John Paul II made several apologies to various peoples that had been wronged by the Catholic Church through the years. Even before he became the Pope, he was a prominent supporter of initiatives like the [[Letter of Reconciliation of the Polish Bishops to the German Bishops]] from 1965. During his reign as a Pope, he publicly made apologies for over 100 of these wrongdoings, including:
*The persecution of the Italian scientist and philosopher [[Galileo Galilei]] in the [[trial (law)|trial]] in 1633 ([[31 October]] [[1992]]).
*Catholic involvement with the [[African slave trade]] ([[9 August]] [[1993]]).
*The Church Hierarchy's role in [[Execution by burning|burnings at the stake]] and the religious wars that followed the [[Protestant Reformation]] (May 1995, in the [[Czech Republic]]).
*The injustices committed against women in the name of Christ, the violation of women's rights and for the historical denigration of women ([[10 July]] [[1995]], in a letter to "every woman").
*[[Nazism and religion#Catholicism|Inactivity and silence of some Catholics]] during the [[Holocaust]] ([[16 March]] [[1998]]).
*For the execution of [[Jan Hus]] in 1415 ([[18 December]] [[1999]] in [[Prague]]). When John Paul II visited Prague in 1990s, he requested experts in this matter "to define with greater clarity the position held by Jan Hus among the Church's reformers, and acknowledged that "independently of the theological convictions he defended, Hus cannot be denied integrity in his personal life and commitment to the nation's moral education." It was another step in building a bridge between Catholics and Protestants.
*For the sins of Catholics throughout the ages for violating "the rights of ethnic groups and peoples, and [for showing] contempt for their cultures and religious traditions". ([[12 March]] [[2000]], during a public Mass of Pardons).
*For the sins of the [[Fourth Crusade|Crusader attack on Constantinople]] in 1204. ([[4 May]] [[2001]], to the [[Patriarch of Constantinople]]).
*For [[missionary]] abuses in the past against indigenous peoples of the [[Oceania|South Pacific]] ([[22 November]] [[2001]], via the [[Internet]]).
*For the massacre of [[Aztecs]] and other [[Mesoamerica]]ns by the [[Spain|Spanish]] in the name of the Church.

=== Social and political stances ===
John Paul II was considered a conservative on [[doctrine]] and issues relating to reproduction and the [[ordination]] of women. No pope, however, has strayed from the Catholic Church's unbroken moral teachings on artificial contraception and the ordination of women.

A series of 129 lectures given by John Paul during his Wednesday audiences in Rome between September 1979 and November 1984 were later compiled and published as a single work entitled "[[Theology of the Body]]," an extended meditation on the nature of [[human sexuality]]. He also extended it to condemnation of abortion, [[euthanasia]] and virtually all uses of capital punishment, calling them all a part of the "[[culture of death]]" that is pervasive in the modern world. He campaigned for world [[Debt relief|debt forgiveness]] and [[social justice]].

==== Relations with dictatorships ====
[[Image:SolidarnoscWalczaca-JanPawel-II.jpg|thumb|right|Illegal "postage stamps" with Pope John Paul II of [[Solidarność Walcząca]] ("Fighting Solidarity") - underground [[anticommunistic]] organization in Poland (est. 1982). Used not for letters, but as shares sold to financially support the organization.]]
In 1984 and 1986, through the voice of [[Pope Benedict XVI|Cardinal Ratzinger]], leader of the [[Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith]], John Paul II officially condemned the [[Liberation theology]] which had many followers in South America. [[Oscar Romero]]'s attempt, during his visit to Europe, to obtain a Vatican condemnation of [[El Salvador]]'s regime, denounced for violations of human rights and its support of [[death squads]], was a failure. In his travel to Managua, [[Nicaragua]] in 1983, John Paul II harshly condemned what he dubbed the "popular Church" (i.e. "[[ecclesial base communities]]" (CEBs) supported by the [[Latin American Episcopal Conference|CELAM]]), and the Nicaraguan clergy's tendencies to support the leftist [[Sandinista National Liberation Front|Sandinistas]], insisting instead on the Vatican's sole and only authority.

John Paul II was criticized for visiting [[Augusto Pinochet]] in [[Chile]]. He invited him to restore democracy, but, critics claim, not in as firm terms as the ones he used against communist countries. John Paul also allegedly endorsed [[Pío Cardinal Laghi]], who critics say supported the "[[Dirty War]]" in Argentina and was on friendly terms with the Argentinean generals of the military dictatorship, allegedly playing regular tennis matches with general [[Jorge Rafael Videla]]. However, the Pope has been linked to the fall of [[Jean-Claude Duvalier]]'s dictatorship in [[Haiti]]. He was also critical of the [[China|Chinese]] government and the [[Chinese Patriotic Catholic Association]] running the church and appointing bishops without the consent of the Holy See, and maintained strong ties with underground Catholic groups.

[[Image:1981 01 Lech Walesa.jpg|left|thumb|[[Lech Wałęsa]], leader of [[Solidarność]], received by Pope John Paul II in the Vatican in January 1981]]
<!-- Commented out because image was deleted: [[Image:Kwaski Papierz.jpg|left|thumb|Pope John Paul II and Polish President [[Aleksander Kwaśniewski]] with his wife [[Jolanta Kwasniewska|Jolanta Kwaśniewska]].]] -->
The pope, who began his papacy when the [[Soviet Union|Soviets]] controlled his native country of Poland, as well as the rest of [[Eastern Europe]], was a harsh critic of [[communism]], and supported the Polish [[Solidarity]] movement. Soviet leader [[Mikhail Gorbachev]] once said the collapse of the [[Iron Curtain]] would have been impossible without John Paul II.<ref>Ryan Chilcote, "[http://www.cnn.com/2005/WORLD/europe/04/03/pope.gorbachev/index.html Gorbachev: Pope was 'example to all of us']," ''CNN'', [[4 April]] [[2005]] (accessed [[11 June]] [[2005]]).</ref>
{{Christian Democracy}}

In later years, after having harshly condemned [[Liberation theology]], John Paul II criticized some of the more extreme versions of [[capitalism]]. "Unfortunately, not everything the West proposes as a theoretical vision or as a concrete lifestyle reflects Gospel values." He saw in capitalism certain "viruses": secularism, indifferentism, hedonistic consumerism, practical materialism, and also formal [[atheism]].

==== Jubilee 2000 campaign ====
In 2000 he publicly endorsed the [[Jubilee 2000]] campaign on [[African]] [[debt relief]] fronted by Irish rock stars [[Bob Geldof]] and [[Bono]]. It was reported that during this period, [[U2]]'s recording sessions were repeatedly interrupted by phone calls from the pope, wanting to discuss the campaign with Bono.

==== Iraq war ====
In 2003 John Paul II also became a prominent critic of the [[2003 invasion of Iraq|2003 US-led invasion of Iraq]]. In his 2003 State of the World address the Pope declared his opposition to the invasion by stating, "No to war! War is not always inevitable. It is always a defeat for humanity."<ref>John Paul II, "[http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/john_paul_ii/speeches/2003/january/documents/hf_jp-ii_spe_20030113_diplomatic-corps_en.html Address to the Diplomatic Corps]," Vatican, [[13 January]] [[2003]] (accessed [[7 February]] [[2007]]).</ref> He sent former [[Nunciature to the United States|Apostolic Pro-Nuncio to the United States]] [[Pío Cardinal Laghi]] to talk with [[President of the United States|American President]] [[George W. Bush]] to express opposition to the war. John Paul II said that it was up to the [[United Nations]] to solve the international conflict through [[diplomacy]] and that a unilateral aggression is a crime against peace and a violation of [[international law]].

==== European Constitutional Treaty ====
In [[European Union]] negotiations for a new [[European Constitution|European Constitutional Treaty]] in 2003 and 2004, the Vatican's representatives failed to secure any mention of Europe's "Christian heritage"&mdash;one of the Pope's cherished goals.

==== Sexuality ====
{{See also|Homosexuality and Roman Catholicism|Theology of the Body}}
The pope asserted that persons with homosexual inclinations possess the same inherent dignity as everybody else, while taking a traditional position on sexuality, defending the Church's moral opposition to [[homosexual marriage]]. In his last book, ''[[Memory and Identity]]'', he referred to the "pressures" on the [[European Parliament]] to permit homosexual "marriage". In the book, as quoted by Reuters, he wrote: "It is legitimate and necessary to ask oneself if this is not perhaps part of a new ideology of evil, perhaps more insidious and hidden, which attempts to pit human rights against the family and against man."

The Pope also reaffirmed the Church's existing teaching on gender in relation to [[transsexuals]], as the [[Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith]], which he supervised, made clear that transsexuals could not serve in church positions.

==== Theory of evolution and the interpretation of Genesis ====
:''See also: [[Evolution and the Roman Catholic Church]].''

In an [[22 October]] [[1996]] address to the [[Pontifical Academy of Sciences]], Pope John Paul II reaffirmed the Church's openness to the theory of evolution:

:"In his encyclical Humani Generis (1950), my predecessor Pius XII has already affirmed that there is no conflict between evolution and the doctrine of the faith regarding man and his vocation, provided that we do not lose sight of certain fixed points....Today, more than a half-century after the appearance of that encyclical, some new findings lead us toward the recognition of evolution as more than an hypothesis. In fact it is remarkable that this theory has had progressively greater influence on the spirit of researchers, following a series of discoveries in different scholarly disciplines. The convergence in the results of these independent studies -- which was neither planned nor sought -- constitutes in itself a significant argument in favor of the theory." (John Paul II, [http://www.ewtn.com/library/PAPALDOC/JP961022.HTM Message to the Pontifical Academy of Sciences on Evolution])

In the same address, the Pope rejected any theory of evolution that provides a materialistic explanation for the human [[soul]]:

:"Theories of evolution which, because of the philosophies which inspire them, regard the spirit either as emerging from the forces of living matter, or as a simple epiphenomenon of that matter, are incompatible with the truth about man."

John Paul II also wrote to the ''Pontifical Academy of Sciences'' on the subject of cosmology and how to interpret Genesis:

:"[[Cosmogony]] and cosmology have always aroused great interest among peoples and religions. The Bible itself speaks to us of the origin of the universe and its make-up, not in order to provide us with a scientific treatise, but in order to state the correct relationships of man with God and with the universe. Sacred Scripture wishes simply to declare that the world was created by God, and in order to teach this truth it expresses itself in the terms of the cosmology in use at the time of the writer. The Sacred Book likewise wishes to tell men that the world was not created as the seat of the gods, as was taught by other cosmogonies and cosmologies, but was rather created for the service of man and the glory of God. Any other teaching about the origin and make-up of the universe is alien to the intentions of the Bible, which does not wish to teach how heaven was made but how one goes to heaven." (Pope John Paul II, [[October 3]] [[1981]] to the Pontifical Academy of Science, [http://www.ewtn.com/library/PAPALDOC/JP2COSM.HTM "Cosmology and Fundamental Physics"])

===Criticisms===
John Paul II was criticized from the left for his support of the [[Opus Dei]] prelature and the [[canonization]] of its founder, [[Josemaría Escrivá|Jose María Escrivá]], whose detractors call him an admirer of [[Spain|Spanish]] dictator [[Francisco Franco]]. Other movements and religious organizations of the Church went decidedly under his wing ([[Legion of Christ]], the [[Neocatechumenal Way]], [[Schoenstatt]], the [[Charismatic]] Movement etc.) and he was accused repeatedly of waving a soft hand on them, especially in the case of Rev. [[Marcial Maciel]], founder of the [[Legion of Christ]].<ref>[http://www.pepe-rodriguez.com/Sexo_clero/Casos/Sexo_clero_M_Maciel_Leg_pedof_denuncia_Papa.htm'' Text of the accusation letter directed to John Paul II in Spanish (original language)]</ref>

John Paul II's steadfast defense of traditional moral teachings of the Catholic Church regarding [[gender roles]], [[human sexuality|sexuality]] and artificial [[contraception]] came under attack, often from the [[political left|left]]. Some [[Christian feminism|feminists]] criticized his traditional positions on the roles of women, which included rejecting [[ordination of women|women priests]]. Many gay-rights activists criticized him for upholding the Church's unbroken moral opposition to homosexual acts and its modern-day application to the concept of [[same-sex marriage]]. Claims were made that John Paul II's papacy spread an unproven belief that [[condom]]s do not block the spread of [[HIV]]; many critics have blamed this for contributing to [[AIDS in Africa|AIDS epidemic]]s in [[Africa]] and elsewhere in which millions have died.<ref>Polly Toynbee, "[http://www.guardian.co.uk/pope/story/0,12272,1065041,00.html False paeans to the Pope]," ''The Guardian '', [[17 October]] [[2003]] (accessed [[11 June]] [[2005]]).</ref> Critics have also claimed that large families are caused by lack of contraception and exacerbate [[Third World]] poverty and problems such as [[street children]] in [[South America]].

In addition to all the criticism from those demanding modernization, [[traditional Catholic]]s sometimes denounced him from the right, demanding a return to the [[Tridentine Mass]] and repudiation of the reforms instituted after the [[Second Vatican Council]], such as the use of the vernacular language in the formerly Latin rite Mass, ecumenism, and the principle of religious liberty. He was also accused by these critics as allowing and appointing liberal bishops in their sees and thus silently promoting [[Modernism (Roman Catholicism)|Modernism]], which was firmly condemned as the ''"synthesis of all heresies"'' by his predecessor [[Pope Pius X|Pope St. Pius X]]. In 1988, the controversial traditionalist Archbishop [[Marcel Lefebvre]], founder of the [[Society of St. Pius X]] (1970), was [[excommunication|excommunicated]] under John Paul II because of the unapproved ordination of four bishops, which was called by the [[Holy See]] a "schismatic act". The International Peace Prayer Conference John Paul II held in [[Assisi]], [[Italy]], in 1986 was heavily criticized as giving the impression that syncretism and/or indifferentism were openly embraced by the papal magisterium. When the second instance the Conference was held, in 2002, it was condemned as confusing the laity and compromising to ''"false religions"''. Likewise criticized were his kissing of the [[Quran]] in [[Damascus]], [[Syria]], on one of his travels on [[6 May]] [[2001]] - ([http://www.jimmyakin.org/2006/04/jp2_and_the_qur.html a thorough analysis]). His call for religious freedom was not always supported; bishops like [[Antônio de Castro Mayer]] promoted religious tolerance, but at the same time rejected the Vatican II principle of religious liberty as being liberalist and already condemned by Pope [[Pius IX]] in his [[Syllabus errorum]] (1864) and at the [[First Vatican Council]].

John Paul II was also criticized for failing to respond quickly enough to the [[Roman Catholic sex abuse cases|sex abuse crisis]], and for [[Centralization|recentralizing]] power back to the Vatican following what some viewed as a [[decentralization]] by [[Pope John XXIII]]. As such he was regarded by some as a strict [[authoritarian]]. Conversely, he was also criticized for spending far too much time preparing for and undertaking foreign travel. The frequency of his trips, it was said, not only undermined the "specialness" of papal visits, but took him away from important business at the Vatican and allowed the Church, administratively speaking, to drift.

There was some criticism of the pope for the controversy surrounding the alleged use of charitable social programs as a means of converting people in the [[Third World]] to Catholicism.<ref>[http://www.asianews.it/view.php?l=en&art=4009]</ref><ref>[http://www.indiastar.com/DhiruShah.htm]</ref> The Pope created an uproar in the Indian subcontinent when he suggested that a great harvest of faith would be witnessed on the subcontinent in the third Christian millennium.<ref>[http://www.nationalcatholicreporter.org/update/conclave/jp_obit_main.htm]</ref>

Because of the many criticisms he received during this lifetime, including many assassination attempts, and due to the downfall of many of his detractors in contrast with his posthumous fame and respect, John Paul II has been called by some theologians a [[sign of contradiction]] (a sign that is spoken against), a term which John Paul II suggests in his book of the same title as "a distinctive definition of Christ and of his Church."

== Trivia ==
{{Trivia|date=June 2007}}
[[Image:Eurovatican.jpg|thumb|Pope John Paul II appears on the Vatican's [[Euro|€1]] coin.]]
*John Paul II's apostolic motto was ''Totus Tuus'' ("totally yours"); he borrowed the motto from the Marian consecrating prayer of [[Saint Louis Marie Grignion de Montfort]].
*John Paul II was the first Pope to have a letter (the letter 'M' for Mary) in his coat of arms.
*According to a ''[[New York Post]]'' article of [[19 February]] [[2002]], John Paul II personally performed three [[exorcism]]s during his tenure as pope. The first exorcism was performed on a woman in 1982. His second was in September 2000 when he performed the rite on a 19-year-old woman who had become enraged in [[St Peter's Square]]. A year later, in September 2001, he performed an exorcism on a 20-year-old woman.
*The [[John Paul II International Airport]] ([[IATA airport code|IATA]]: KRK), in [[Balice]], [[Poland]], near [[Kraków]] where he served as Archbishop before being elected Pope, was named in his honor.
*In 2004 he received an extraordinary [[Charlemagne Award]] of the city of [[Aachen]], [[Germany]].
*The [[Harlem Globetrotters]] visited Pope John Paul II at the [[Vatican City|Vatican]] in November of 2000 and named the Pontiff an Honorary Harlem Globetrotter.
*The action-thriller novel, ''[[Red Rabbit]]'' (2002) by [[Tom Clancy]], detailed a fictional [[KGB]] attempt to assassinate a newly elected Polish Pope, who, though only mentioned by the name "Karol", is obviously supposed to be John Paul II.
*On [[23 March]] [[1999]], John Paul II released his debut CD "[http://www.abbapater.com/ Abbà Pater]".
*John Paul II has been featured on at least seven popular albums in his native Poland. Most notably [[singer/songwriter]] [[Stanislaw Sojka]]’s 2003 album, “Jan Pawel II -- Tryptyk Rzymski”, a ten-track collection of the Pope's poems set to music, reached No. 1.<ref>"[http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/7848742/ Pope rocks Polish pop music charts]," ''MSNBC News'', [[14 May]] [[2005]] (accessed [[11 June]] [[2005]]).</ref>
*In 2003, his death was [[List of premature obituaries|incorrectly announced]] by [[CNN]] when his pre-written obituary (along with those of several other famous figures) was inadvertently published on CNN's web site due to a lapse in password protection.
*In 2004 John Paul II met members of the [[Poland national football team|Polish National Football Team]]. It was at this time he told [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] Goalkeeper [[Jerzy Dudek]] that he was a keen fan of his and followed Liverpool whenever they played.
*John Paul II is considered as the " protector " of Fluminense Football Club among supporters of this traditional Brazilian football team.One of the team's most famous chants is "A Bênção, João de Deus" ("Bless us, John of God"), a song that was composed in honour of the pope John Paul II on his first visit to Brazil in 1980. The tradition is that Fluminense fans spontaneously started singing the famous song when the team was to decide the 1980 state championship on a penalty shootout against their arch-rivals Vasco da Gama. Fluminense won the championship.
*John Paul II is the eighth most [[Gallup's List of Widely Admired People|admired]] person by U.S. citizens in the 20th century, according to [[Gallup poll|Gallup]].
*John Paul II was an avid [[football (soccer)|football]] player in his youth and later became an honorary member of [[FC Barcelona]] and [[Schalke 04]]. He was a [[goalkeeper]].
* His favorite football team had always been [[Cracovia Krakow]], whose games he attented while living in Krakow,
* Polish [[Formula 1]] driver [[Robert Kubica]] drives in a helmet with the "Jan Pawel II" inscription,
*John Paul II sent the first papal e-mail in 2001.<ref>BBC, "[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/1671540.stm Pope sends first e-mail apology]", [[23 November]] [[2001]]. Retrieved on [[4 March]] [[2007]].</ref>
*Solar eclipses took place both on the day he was born, and the day of his funeral.<ref>[http://sunearth.gsfc.nasa.gov/eclipse/SEplot/SEplot1901/SE1920May18P.GIF The solar eclipse on May 20, 1920] and [http://sunearth.gsfc.nasa.gov/eclipse/SEplot/SEplot2001/SE2005Apr08H.GIF on April 2, 2005] on [[NASA|NASA web site]].</ref>
*In 2004, [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]] made a special F1 car for the pope to celebrate his 26th anniversary as the pontiff.
* '... He's met / The Dalai Lama, / Fidel Castro, / Yasser Arafat, / Crossing borders and boundaries / Guarded not always by the Swiss guards...' from the poem Karol Józef Wojtyła by Mediterranean poetess, Beatrice Lao.
*John Paul II is the only Pope that appears as a main character in his own comic book and animation feature.<ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/6054808.stm]</ref>
*John Paul II, when meeting [[Bono]] and [[Bob Geldof]] during their visit famously asked to try on Bono's trademark [[Fly sunglasses]], leading to one of the most enduring and personal images of his life.
*In 1988, when the Pope delivered a speech to the [[European Parliament]], the leader of the [[Democratic Unionist Party]], [[Ian Paisley]], shouted "I renounce you as the antichrist!" and held up a poster reading "POPE JOHN PAUL II ANTICHRIST". The Pope continued with his address after Paisley was ejected from the auditorium.<ref>{{cite news|last=MacDonald|first=Susan|title=Paisley ejected for insulting Pope|publisher=[[The Times]]|date=[[1988-10-02]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Chrisafis|first=Angelique|title=The Return of Dr. No|publisher=[[The Gaurdian]]|date=[[2004-16-09]] [http://www.guardian.co.uk/Northern_Ireland/Story/0,2763,1305503,00.html]}}</ref><ref>http://news.independent.co.uk/uk/ulster/article1826297.ece</ref><ref>[http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=940DE7DC1630F935A25753C1A96E948260 HEADLINERS; Papal Audience]</ref>
{{main|Denunciation of Pope John Paul II by Ian Paisley}}
*John Paul II (as portrayed by an actor) featured at the climax of the hit 1992 film [[Sister Act]].
*A popular story in [[chess]] circles states that a certain Karol Wojtyła had published a chess problem in 1946. Although the young Wojtyła was indeed an accomplished chess player, the story of this publication appears to be a [[hoax]] whose roots were uncovered by [http://www.chessbase.com/newsdetail.asp?newsid=2316 Tomasz Lissowski.]

== Further reading ==
=== Books by John Paul II ===
In [[Order (Sort)|chronological order]]:
====Meditations and philosophy====
* ''[[Memory and Identity]] - Conversations at the Dawn of a Millennium'', published by Rizzoli ([[22 March]] [[2005]]) ISBN 0-8478-2761-5, conversational presentation of John Paul II's views on many secular topics, such as evil, freedom, contemporary Europe, nationalism, and democracy. Included in the book is also a [[transcript]] of the Pope's discussion on his assassination attempt in 1981.
* ''Rise, Let Us Be On Our Way'', Warner Books ([[September 28]] [[2004]]), ISBN 0-446-57781-2, mostly addressed to his bishops, although it has been used as source of inspiration for others having knowledge of [[Christianity]].
* ''[[Roman Triptych]] (Meditation)'' - [[6 March]] ([[2003]]), in Italy published by Libreria Editrice Vaticana ISBN 88-209-7451-7
* ''Pope John Paul II - In My Own Words'', Gramercy ([[6 August]] [[2002]]) ISBN 0-517-22084-9, best-seller, a carefully selected compilation of words and prayers of John Paul II, compiled by [[Anthony F. Chiffolo]].
* ''Gift and Mystery - On the Fiftieth Anniversary of My Priestly Ordination'', Image ([[20 April]] [[1999]]) ISBN 0-385-49371-1, about being a priest.
* ''[[Theology of the Body|The Theology Of The Body]]; Human Love In The Divine Plan'', Pauline Books and Media, 1997, ISBN 0-8198-7394-2, a compilation of weekly lectures from 1979 to 1984 to married couples about the deep meaning of human love and sexuality.
* ''[[Crossing the Threshold of Hope]]'', Knopf ([[19 September]] [[1995]]), ISBN 0-679-76561-1, edited by [[Vittorio Messori]]. John Paul II expounds upon many of his teachings and ideas.
* ''The Way to Christ - Spiritual Exercises'', HarperSanFrancisco ([[7 October]] [[1994]]) ISBN 0-06-064216-5, conversational presentation of two retreats Karol Wojtyła gave 10 years apart before becoming pope. In that time he served in Kraków as bishop and cardinal.
* ''Person and Act'', by Karol Wojtyła; before his papacy, ([[28 February]] [[1979]]). In depth phenomenological work tied to [[Thomas Aquinas|Thomistic]] Ethics; the title is sometimes mistranslated into English as ''The Acting Person'', (2002), ISBN 90-277-0985-8.
* ''Love and Responsibility'', by Karol Wojtyła before his papacy, Ignatius Press; Rev. edition ([[1 April]] [[1993]]) ISBN 0-89870-445-6, in depth philosophical analysis of human love and sexuality.
* ''Man and Woman He Created Them: A Theology of the Body'' [John Paul II; Translated by Dr. Michael Waldstein] Pauline Books & Media, 2006. ISBN 0-8198-7421-3, a new translation in English created from the newly-discovered original Polish work written by John Paul II

====Plays by John Paul II====
* ''David'' - according to Pope John Paul II’s translator Boleslaw Taborski, no copy has been found.<ref>[http://www.nypost.com/seven/05132007/entertainment/theater/holy_nights_theater_dan_kadison.htm], ''New York Post'', [[13 May]] [[2007]] (accessed [[1 June]] [[2007]]).</</ref>
* ''Job''
* ''Jeremiah''
* ''[[St. Albert Chmielowski|Our God's Brother]]'', Ave Maria Press (September 1995) ISBN 0-87793-870-9, play written by Karol Wojtyła in Poland during [[World War II]] at a time when [[Nazis]] were suppressing [[Culture of Poland|Polish culture]] (1944).
* ''The Jeweller's Shop: A Meditation on the Sacrament of Matrimony, Passing on Occasion into a Drama'', Arrow, ([[17 March]] [[1980]]) ISBN 0-09-140861-X.

Both of these plays were filmed:
*''Our God's brother'' (in Polish: ''Brat naszego Boga''), 123 min, 1997, color, directed by [[Krzysztof Zanussi]]. [http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0119846/ IMDb entry].
*''La Bottega dell'orefice'' (English: ''The Jeweller's Shop''), 88 min (Canada)/95 min (USA), 1988, color, directed by [[Michael Joseph Anderson]]. [http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0094787/ IMDb entry].

====Poetry by John Paul II====
* ''Roman Triptych. Meditations'', Libreria Editrice Vaticana, ([[Vatican City|Vatican]]) March 2003), ISBN 88-209-7451-7
* ''The Poetry of Pope John Paul II'', USCCB ([[September 1]] [[2003]]) ISBN 1-57455-556-1, poems written in the summer of 2002.
* ''The Place Within: The Poetry of Pope John Paul II'', Random House; 1st edition ([[25 October]] [[1994]]) ISBN 0-679-76064-4, lyrical poetry
[[Image:JureToplak JohnPaul2.jpg|240px|left|thumb|Pope John Paul II and the Ambassador of Slovenia Ludvik Toplak in September 2002.]]

===Poetry about John Paul II===
* '... He's met / The Dalai Lama, / Fidel Castro, / Yasser Arafat, / Crossing borders and boundaries / Guarded not always by the Swiss guards...' from the poem Karol Józef Wojtyła by Beatrice Lao.

===Biographies of Pope John Paul II===
* ''Witness to Hope'', [[George Weigel]], HarperCollins (1999, 2001) ISBN 0-06-018793-X.
* ''Man of the Century: The Life and Times of Pope John Paul II'', [[Jonathan Kwitny]], Henry Holt and Company, 1997.
* ''His Holiness: John Paul II and the History of Our Time, [[Carl Bernstein]] and [[Marco Politi]], Doubleday, 1996.
* ''Pope John Paul II: The Biography'', Tad Szulc, Scribner, 1995.
* ''Universal Father'', Garry O'Connor, Bloomsbury Publishing plc, 2005, ISBN 91-37-12870-1
* ''John Paul II: An Illustrated Biography'', [[Andrzej Nowak (historian)|Andrzej Nowak]], Kluszczynski, Kraków, 2005
* ''Let Me Go to the Father's House: John Paul II's Strength in Weakness'', [[Stanislaw Dziwisz, Czeslaw Drazek, SJ, Renato Buzzonetti, Angelo Comastri]], Pauline Books & Media, 2006. ISBN 0-8198-4522-1 [http://www.pauline.org/store]
* ''The Hidden Pope'', Dacry O'Brien, Daybreak Books (1998) ISBN 0-87596-478-8

===Literature about his thought===
* Buttiglione, Rocco, ''Karol Wojtyla: The Thought of the Man Who Became Pope John Paul II'', Grand Rapids, Mich. & Cambridge, UK, Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1997. ISBN 0802838480
* [[Hans Köchler|Köchler, Hans]], ''The Phenomenology of Karol Wojtyla. On the Problem of the Phenomenological Foundation of Anthropology'', in: Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, Vol. 42 (1982), pp. 326-334
* [[Hans Köchler|Köchler, Hans]], [http://hanskoechler.com/koechler-wojtyla-SaintJosephCollege-March2006-V5.pdf ''Karol Wojtyla's Notion of the Irreducible in Man and the Quest for a Just World Order''] (Saint Joseph College, USA, 2006)
* Simpson, Peter, ''On Karol Wojtyła'', Belmont, CA, Wadsworth Publishing, 2000. ISBN 053458375X

== Films about Pope John Paul II ==
* "[[Pope John Paul II: The Movie]]", directed by [[Herbert Wise]], starring [[Albert Finney]], [[Nigel Hawthorne]], [[Alfred Burke]], [[John McEnery]], [[Patrick Stewart]].
* "[[Pope John Paul's Third Pilgrimage to His Homeland]]", a documentary on John Paul's June 1987 visit to Poland.
* "[[From a Far Country (1981)]]", directed by [[Krzysztof Zanussi]].
* "[[The Millennial Pope: John Paul II]]'' (1999) (TV), a documentary directed by [[Helen Whitney]].
* ''[[The Papal Chase]]'' (2004), a documentary by [[Kenny Hotz]].
* "[[Karol: A Man Who Became Pope]]"<ref>[http://www.popedocumentary.com/]</ref>, polish title: ''Karol. Człowiek, który został papieżem'', 2005, a documentary, directed by [[Giacomo Batiatto]], based upon the book [[Stories of Karol: The Unknown Life of John Paul II]] by [[Gian Franco Svidercoschi]].
* "[[Have No Fear: The Life of Pope John Paul II]]" (2005)<ref>[http://abc.go.com/specials/havenofear.html]</ref>, a two-hour movie based on the life of Pope John Paul, shot on location in [[Rome]] and [[Lithuania]], was broadcast on Thursday, [[1 December]] [[2005]] (8:00-10:00 PM,ET/PT).
* "[[Pope John Paul II (movie)|Pope John Paul II]]" (2005)<ref>[http://www.cbs.com/specials/pope/]</ref><ref>[http://imdb.com/title/tt0475999/]</ref><ref>[http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1134783,00.html]</ref>, a new four-hour mini-series event based on the remarkable life of Pope John Paul II, shot on location in [[Kraków]], [[Poland]] and in [[Italy]], was broadcast Sunday, [[4 December]] (9:00-11:00 PM, ET/PT) and Wednesday, [[7 December]] (8:00-10:00 PM, ET/PT) on the [[CBS]] Television Network. [[Cary Elwes]] portrays Karol Wojtyła in his adult years prior to being elected [[Pope]] on [[16 October]] [[1978]], and [[Academy Awards|Academy Award]] winner and multiple [[Golden Globe Award]] winner [[Jon Voight]] portrays him during his extraordinary 26-year reign that ended with his death on [[2 April]] [[2005]]. It was approved and blessed by the Pope Benedict XVI.
* "A Time Remembered - The Visit of Pope John Paul II to Ireland" (2005), a film produced by Radio Telefís Éireann ([[RTE|RTÉ]]), the national broadcaster of Ireland, showing footage from the three day visit in 1979.
* "[[Karol: The Pope, The Man]]" world debut was on Easter Sunday and Monday of 2006, and is the continuation of "[[Karol: A Man Who Became Pope]]." It stars the same actors as the first mini-series.
* "The Life of Pope John Paul II", a 4 chapter series by NBC News
* "[[John Paul II - The Friend of All Humanity]]" 60-minute cartoon available on multilingual DVD by Cavin Cooper Productions
* ''John Paul II, the Pope who made History'' - 5 DVD by Vatican Television Center (distr. by HDH Communications)
* ''John Paul II, this is my story'' - 1 DVD by Vatican Television Center (distr. by HDH Communications)
* ''John Paul II the Keys of the Kingdom'' - 1 DVD by Vatican Television Center (distr. by HDH Communications)

== Honors ==
{{Seealso|List of places named for Pope John Paul II}}
{{list to prose (section)}}
[[Ioannes Paulus II Peninsula]] on [[Livingston Island]] in the [[South Shetland Islands]], [[Antarctica]] is named for Pope John Paul II in recognition of his outstanding contribution to world peace and understanding among people.

Pope John Paul II Drive in Chicago is named in his honor.

There is a Pope John Paul II park in [[Boston, Massachusetts]].<ref>[http://www.mass.gov/dcr/parks/metroboston/pjp.htm]</ref>

He was named [[Time Magazine]]'s [[Person of the year]] in [[1994]].

[[João Paulo II Airport]] in Ponta Delgada, Azores, Portugal is named in his honor.

The Pope John Paul II Cultural Center in Washington, D.C. is named for and dedicated to him, as is Krakow's international airport.

John Paul II Square in Sofia was named for him on the occasion of his visit to Bulgaria in 2002.

In Paris, the ''place du Parvis-Notre-Dame'' (french for "Notre-Dame square") was renamed ''[[Parvis Notre-Dame - Place Jean-Paul II]]'' ("Notre-Dame - John Paul II square").

== See also ==
*[[List of canonizations]]
*[[List of Encyclicals of Pope John Paul II]]
*[[List of pastoral visits of Pope John Paul II outside Italy]]
*[[List of Roman Catholic bishops of Kraków]]
*[[Papal election, 2005]]
*[[Papabili]]
*[[Personalism]]
*[[Popemobile]]
*[[The Incredible Popeman]]
*[[Stanisław Dziwisz]] - Personal secretary
*[[Liberation theology]]

== References ==
{{sisterlinks|Pope John Paul II}}
<div class="references-small">
*Szulc, Tad. ''Pope John Paul II: The Biography'', (ISBN 0-671-00047-0)
*The Pope Blog (2005). [http://thepopeblog.blogspot.com/2005/04/last-will-and-testament-of-pope-john.html The Last Will and Testament of Pope John Paul II (translated from Italian by V.I.S.)]. Retrieved [[7 April]] [[2005]]. ([[Wikisource:Testament Jana Pawła II|Testament in the original Polish]])
*''The Message of Fatima Tarcisio Bertone'' with introduction by [[Tarcisio Bertone]]. ''[http://www.vatican.va/phome_en.htm The Holy See]''
*"[http://www.indianchristianity.com/html/menachery/html/GeorgeMenachery.htm John Paul II Election Surprises]"
*"[http://www.indianchristianity.com/html/Books7.htm Electing a new Pope: The Conclave and all that]"
*"[http://www.indianchristianity.com/html/Books8.htm Last Days of Pope John Paul II]"
*[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/4253415.stm "'Cured' Pope returns to Vatican"] ([[10 February]] [[2005]]). ''[[BBC News]]''.
*D'Emilio, Frances ([[31 March]] [[2005]]). [http://story.news.yahoo.com/news?tmpl=story&cid=514&u=/ap/20050401/ap_on_re_eu/pope_5 "Pope Has High Fever From Urinary Infection"]. ''The Associated Press'', published on ''Yahoo! News''.
*Domínguez, J. (no date). "[http://religion-cults.com/pope/communism.htm Pope John Paul II and Communism]". ''World Religions and 101 Cults''. Retrieved [[4 April]] [[2005]].
*[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/4399189.stm "Frail Pope suffers heart failure"] ([[1 April]] [[2005]]). ''BBC News''.
*Sean Gannon [http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/pages/ShArt.jhtml?itemNo=703666 Papal Fallibility ([[7 April]] [[2006]])] Haaretz, Israel
* "[http://www.dw-world.de/dw/article/0,1564,1538173,00.html Stasi Files Implicate KGB in Pope Shooting]" ([[1 April]] [[2005]]). ''[[Deutsche Welle]]''.
*Address of Bishop Stanislaw Dziwisz On Sunday, [[13 May]] [[2001]] to the Catholic University of Lublin on the 20th anniversary of the assassination attempt, published by Catholic Culture: [http://www.catholicculture.org/docs/doc_view.cfm?recnum=3699 Dziwisz Address]
*Time Magazine, [[25 January]] [[1982]]: [http://www.time.com/time/archive/preview/0,10987,925231,00.html The Pope vs. his doctors]
*The Pope Blog (2005). [http://thepopeblog.blogspot.com/2005/04/final-letter-of-pope-john-paul-ii-to.html Final Letter of Pope John Paul II to the Faithful (translated from Italian)]. Retrieved [[3 April]] [[2005]].
*Lorenzi, Rossella ([[22 March]] [[2005]]). [http://dsc.discovery.com/news/briefs/20050321/popeill.html "Pope's Condition Not Improving"]. ''Discovery News''.
*Navarro-Valls, Joaquin (2005). [http://www.vatican.va/gpII/bulletin/B0183-XX.01.pdf Il Santo Padre è deceduto questa sera alle ore 21.37 nel Suo appartamento privato]. Retrieved [[2 April]] [[2005]]. (''The Holy Father passed away at 9:37 this evening in his private apartment.'')
*[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/4344923.stm "Pope returns to Vatican after op"] ([[13 March]] [[2005]]). ''BBC News''.
*[http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/7022618/ "Pope back at Vatican by Easter? It's possible"] ([[3 March]] [[2005]]). ''The Associated Press'', republished on ''MSNBC''.
*St Anthony Messenger Press (2005). [http://www.americancatholic.org/news/pope/popehospitalized/ Pope John Paul II's Final Days]. Retrieved [[2 April]] [[2005]].
*Interview with AM Programme, ''ABC Radio'' (Australia). [[April 3]], [[2005]]. Subject: Death of Pope John Paul II; helicopter crash in Indonesia.
* [http://www.cnn.com/2005/WORLD/europe/03/31/pope1/index.html "Vatican source: Pope given last rites"] ([[31 March]] [[2005]]). ''CNN''.
*Wojtyla, Karol (2005). [http://imdb.com/name/nm0937552/ Pope John Paul II]. [[Internet Movie Database]]. Retrieved [[2 April]] [[2005]].
*[http://www.cnn.com/2005/WORLD/europe/04/01/pope1/index.html "World awaits word on pope's condition"] ([[2 April]] [[2005]]). ''CNN''.
*[http://www.indianchristianity.com/html/Books8.htm "Last Days of Pope John Paul II"]
*[http://www.ewtn.com/devotionals/mercy/feast.htm "Feast of Divine Mercy"]
</div>
=== Notes ===
{{reflist|2}}

==External links==
* [http://www.vatican.va/ Vatican: the Holy See]
* [http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/john_paul_ii/index.htm The Holy See - The Holy Father - John Paul II]
* http://www.ratzingerfanclub.com/JPII/tributes.html Link to collected tributes, writings and commentary on John Paul II
* [http://www.ascension-research.org/Pope-John-Paul-the-Great.html Ascension of John Paul the Great.] Serapis Bey announced on [[May 1]], [[2005]]: "John Paul II has entered into the Oneness of the Eternal Life with his own God Presence."
* [http://www.tarnow.pl/galeria/galeria_294/ John Paul II's funeral [[April 8]] [[2005]], the pictures]
* [http://www.papiez-pl.com John Paul II Karol Wojtyla Papiez z Polski]
* [http://remembered-forever.org/john/ John Paul II Respectful Tribute]
* [http://www.intratext.com/Catalogo/Autori/AUT197.HTM John Paul II]: text, concordances and frequency list
* [http://www.lastoriasiamonoi.rai.it/puntata.aspx?id=227 Quella parte di anima chiamata corpo, (Italian program Tv English subtitled about John Paul II) ]
* [http://www.documenta-catholica.eu/a__01_01_1978-2005-%20Ioannes%20Paulus%20II.html John Paul II's Multilingual Opera Omnia]

<center>
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title=[[Person of the Year|Time's Man of the Year]]|
before=The [[Peacemaker]]s: [[Nelson Mandela]], [[Frederik Willem de Klerk|F.W. de Klerk]], [[Yasser Arafat]] and [[Yitzhak Rabin]]|
after=[[Newt Gingrich]]|
years=1994|
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{{s-hou|Papal succession|18 May|1920}}
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{{John Paul II}}
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|NAME=Wojtyła, Karol Józef
|ALTERNATIVE NAMES=John Paul II (English); Ioannes Paulus II (Latin)
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|DATE OF BIRTH=[[May 18]], [[1920]]
|PLACE OF BIRTH=[[Wadowice]], [[Poland]]
|DATE OF DEATH=[[April 2]], [[2005]]
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[[Category:Servants of God]]
[[Category:Time magazine Persons of the Year]]
[[Category:Karlspreis Recipients]]
[[Category:Congressional Gold Medal recipients]]
[[Category:Polish polyglots]]
[[Category:Shooting victims]]
[[Category:People with Parkinson's disease]]

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[[gl:Xoán Paulo II, Papa]]
[[ko:교황 요한 바오로 2세]]
[[hy:Հռոմի Պապ]]
[[hi:पोप जॉन पॉल]]
[[hsb:Jan Pawoł II.]]
[[hr:Ivan Pavao II.]]
[[io:Iohannes Paulus 2ma]]
[[ilo:Papa Juan Pablo II]]
[[id:Paus Yohanes Paulus II]]
[[is:Jóhannes Páll II]]
[[it:Papa Giovanni Paolo II]]
[[he:יוחנן פאולוס השני]]
[[pam:Papa Juan Pablo II]]
[[ka:იოანე-პავლე II]]
[[ku:Papa John Paulê II]]
[[la:Ioannes Paulus II]]
[[lv:Jānis Pāvils II]]
[[lb:Jean-Paul II. (Poopst)]]
[[lt:Jonas Paulius II]]
[[li:Johannes Paulus II]]
[[hu:II. János Pál pápa]]
[[ms:Paus John Paul II]]
[[nl:Paus Johannes Paulus II]]
[[ja:ヨハネ・パウロ2世 (ローマ教皇)]]
[[no:Johannes Paul II]]
[[nn:Pave Johannes Paul II]]
[[oc:Joan Pau II]]
[[nds:Johannes Paul II.]]
[[pl:Jan Paweł II]]
[[pt:Papa João Paulo II]]
[[ksh:Johannes Paul II.]]
[[ro:Papa Ioan Paul al II-lea]]
[[ru:Иоанн Павел II (папа римский)]]
[[sco:Pape John Paul II]]
[[sq:Papa Gjon Pali II]]
[[scn:Giuvanni Paulu II]]
[[simple:Pope John Paul II]]
[[sk:Ján Pavol II.]]
[[sl:Papež Janez Pavel II.]]
[[sr:Папа Јован Павле II]]
[[sh:Ivan Pavao II.]]
[[fi:Johannes Paavali II]]
[[sv:Johannes Paulus II]]
[[tl:Papa Juan Pablo II]]
[[ta:பாப்பரசர் அருளப்பர் சின்னப்பர் II]]
[[th:สมเด็จพระสันตะปาปาจอห์น ปอลที่ 2]]
[[vi:Gioan Phaolô II]]
[[tr:II. Jean Paul]]
[[uk:Іван Павло II]]
[[vec:Papa Giovani Pagoło II]]
[[wa:Påpe Djihan-På II]]
[[war:Papa Juan Pablo II]]
[[bat-smg:Juons Paulios II]]
[[zh:若望·保禄二世]]

Revision as of 19:10, 6 August 2007

The Pope is the antichrist!

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Nulla sapien. Mauris in risus. Curabitur id purus. Vestibulum in tortor. Ut et sapien ac pede placerat bibendum. Quisque a enim ut tortor placerat tempor. Cras non quam. Ut mauris diam, euismod sit amet, tempor pulvinar, pretium eget, risus. In sed erat lacinia sapien vehicula adipiscing. Donec nec mauris in augue faucibus placerat. Phasellus sit amet risus quis ipsum pulvinar faucibus. Integer consectetuer. Mauris eget lorem. Morbi id augue. Aenean vulputate, felis non feugiat aliquam, est neque vulputate urna, quis gravida est ante nec nisi. Quisque lacinia pharetra ligula. Vestibulum sodales arcu a mauris. Etiam risus massa, nonummy sed, porttitor quis, fermentum et, felis. Integer quis elit. Ut placerat suscipit urna.

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Nullam vel augue id dui ultricies lobortis. Phasellus at augue. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Quisque rutrum eleifend tellus. Aenean pulvinar turpis non dolor. Nunc nec dolor. Ut pede massa, aliquam sit amet, lobortis et, condimentum ut, purus. Sed fermentum porta odio. In pharetra aliquam nisl. Mauris a ipsum. Aliquam purus eros, varius ac, bibendum non, rhoncus a, nibh. Ut cursus dolor sit amet diam. In ultrices porta pede.

Mauris porttitor pulvinar est. Donec sapien elit, posuere in, vehicula a, nonummy in, nunc. Mauris tristique, enim non malesuada sagittis, urna lacus egestas nulla, ut rutrum ligula diam sollicitudin diam. Sed sodales facilisis ligula. Aliquam vehicula volutpat tortor. Nam tincidunt. Cras at tellus. Phasellus risus metus, lacinia vel, facilisis faucibus, convallis eu, nulla. Duis tellus. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Donec odio eros, facilisis aliquet, facilisis eget, feugiat vel, eros. Donec viverra purus eu metus. Morbi nulla turpis, euismod a, iaculis pellentesque, iaculis in, mauris. Donec dolor metus, mattis id, luctus quis, eleifend non, ipsum. Praesent nulla lacus, aliquam sed, venenatis eu, semper ac, urna.

Phasellus commodo nibh quis leo. Ut aliquam viverra eros. Aliquam nisl turpis, euismod eget, lacinia id, adipiscing at, urna. Fusce imperdiet ultricies dui. Aenean metus. Morbi purus augue, consequat nec, convallis et, auctor ut, odio. Nunc porta, velit at varius posuere, nibh erat luctus lectus, ut consectetuer lectus nisi quis nisi. Donec eleifend arcu sed felis. Nam neque. Aliquam vitae turpis ut ante ullamcorper semper. Sed et metus. Proin eget justo id diam venenatis ultrices. Nullam pede leo, bibendum ac, varius vel, facilisis sed, erat. Proin sollicitudin leo nec nisl. Ut egestas mauris vitae mi. Cum sociis natoque penatibus et magnis dis parturient montes, nascetur ridiculus mus. Curabitur risus lectus, pharetra ac, cursus et, vestibulum ut, magna. Maecenas sem. Donec luctus vulputate orci.

Praesent nec lorem posuere magna consequat auctor. Suspendisse porta tortor vitae sem. Aenean vel ligula id lectus posuere facilisis. Morbi porttitor. Nam convallis sollicitudin sapien. Phasellus velit. Suspendisse purus. Nulla auctor malesuada lorem. Cum sociis natoque penatibus et magnis dis parturient montes, nascetur ridiculus mus. Quisque aliquet elit ut est. Sed faucibus aliquet sapien.

In interdum tempor lacus. Sed placerat velit. Donec tellus risus, fermentum et, varius lacinia, sodales ut, tellus. Ut ornare odio. Nam porttitor massa id magna. Duis viverra arcu quis elit. Vivamus sagittis metus eget ligula. Aenean in risus. Praesent dictum tempus eros. Maecenas egestas volutpat purus. Vestibulum imperdiet. Sed porttitor.

Curabitur tincidunt justo eu elit. Proin pharetra gravida ante. Suspendisse eros nibh, pharetra at, ornare sed, porttitor eu, est. In hac habitasse platea dictumst. Praesent non mauris quis diam tristique congue. Aenean euismod, libero eget dapibus auctor, massa lorem cursus sapien, vel aliquet metus sapien ac neque. Nulla id neque. Sed purus. Pellentesque scelerisque ultrices libero. Praesent venenatis ipsum quis lectus. Mauris luctus dui non pede. Suspendisse potenti. Fusce ut leo. Vestibulum euismod. Pellentesque cursus vehicula metus. Donec non dui. Ut at massa. Vestibulum eget est. Nullam pharetra, ante non semper mattis, quam orci eleifend felis, sit amet dictum justo lectus mollis arcu. Donec iaculis fringilla augue.

Duis tincidunt turpis nec augue facilisis consequat. Curabitur sit amet tellus. Etiam dolor enim, tincidunt non, laoreet eget, bibendum eu, nulla. Sed porttitor vehicula orci. Curabitur et odio. Aliquam tempor aliquet augue. Sed sodales viverra mi. Proin ac est vel nibh tempor semper. Pellentesque purus. Vivamus adipiscing turpis vel magna. Vestibulum fermentum tincidunt velit. In ligula lectus, facilisis vitae, dignissim eu, congue tristique, turpis. Integer elementum eros sit amet orci. Nullam faucibus porttitor lorem. Quisque sit amet diam eu magna volutpat scelerisque.

Integer massa neque, porttitor ut, tincidunt ac, semper ac, diam. Integer at purus vitae nisl malesuada porta. Nunc et quam tempor leo tincidunt condimentum. Vestibulum sit amet nulla. Suspendisse mauris ipsum, semper eu, auctor in, tristique nec, tellus. Duis commodo sem nec pede. Fusce ornare eros vitae velit. Sed dui. Etiam erat. Nullam laoreet turpis vel elit. Mauris hendrerit urna sed lacus. Morbi scelerisque. Curabitur iaculis congue mi. Proin lacinia dui eu ligula. Nullam porttitor, nunc vitae consectetuer gravida, arcu eros fermentum sem, at blandit diam felis sit amet lorem. Class aptent taciti sociosqu ad litora torquent per conubia nostra, per inceptos hymenaeos. Phasellus aliquam, neque nec pharetra semper, urna lectus fermentum pede, vel laoreet sapien leo vel lorem.

Sed ut mauris ut nibh venenatis nonummy. Sed varius justo vitae augue. Donec pellentesque lacinia felis. Aenean id ligula ut elit ultricies sagittis. Duis sodales, elit eu blandit fermentum, felis tellus pharetra odio, et feugiat nunc lorem sed nisi. Nunc commodo lectus sit amet orci. Ut egestas. In sit amet augue sed felis nonummy facilisis. Morbi at lacus in enim feugiat adipiscing. Praesent a diam. Quisque dignissim neque non mi. Proin dignissim, turpis eu vulputate ultrices, urna ligula bibendum velit, vel dignissim quam augue id felis. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Integer condimentum, elit sit amet convallis volutpat, elit lorem gravida mi, quis eleifend enim urna ut libero. Nam arcu massa, mollis ut, sollicitudin eu, imperdiet sed, justo. Donec in arcu. Phasellus auctor. Donec faucibus nibh eget enim.

Pellentesque turpis. Fusce cursus commodo enim. Aliquam elementum. Duis quis lorem sit amet ante venenatis commodo. Phasellus nisl dui, nonummy sit amet, laoreet nec, egestas at, metus. Sed nisl neque, aliquet at, dapibus venenatis, convallis eget, nulla. In eu massa. Maecenas ligula. Nunc sem lorem, egestas at, lobortis id, tempus ut, erat. Pellentesque odio nunc, malesuada sed, laoreet a, vestibulum id, risus.

Nam ut sapien vel erat facilisis posuere. Fusce imperdiet nisi et purus. Sed aliquam, leo imperdiet volutpat iaculis, nibh leo porttitor pede, eget consectetuer ipsum eros sed sapien. Maecenas sed augue tempus lacus pulvinar volutpat. Nulla consequat pede eget massa. Fusce ultrices. Sed non eros. Nulla porta molestie neque. Etiam ultricies lacus vitae ante. Praesent vitae felis eu ipsum congue dictum. In feugiat gravida urna.

Cras vitae nulla non nulla gravida pulvinar. Suspendisse potenti. Nullam ut dui. Fusce in tellus ut quam convallis dapibus. Etiam posuere. Sed non metus quis mi tristique tempus. Phasellus consectetuer velit at nunc. Nam sed ipsum. In eu risus et quam mattis dignissim. Aenean sed dolor quis ante pretium iaculis. Phasellus augue.

Nulla consequat tellus. Quisque molestie diam non nibh. Nulla facilisi. Maecenas ac sem. Curabitur ac velit. Etiam sodales massa eget arcu. Quisque scelerisque, massa ut consequat lacinia, justo arcu sagittis justo, sed scelerisque tortor lacus at erat. Nam bibendum consequat felis. Morbi lorem enim, sagittis vitae, facilisis id, rutrum et, justo. Aenean cursus, purus ut rutrum auctor, ipsum justo blandit mauris, in tincidunt metus mauris ut elit.

Cum sociis natoque penatibus et magnis dis parturient montes, nascetur ridiculus mus. Nam ante urna, rutrum nec, varius ultrices, dapibus eu, turpis. Vestibulum quis purus. Mauris vitae orci. Nulla pellentesque. Praesent imperdiet condimentum tellus. Vivamus lectus tortor, tempor ac, bibendum in, egestas at, felis. Quisque egestas. Maecenas tempus turpis ultrices lorem. Curabitur metus ante, mattis eget, laoreet sit amet, luctus mollis, velit. Suspendisse eu ligula a augue lobortis venenatis. Sed vel nibh.

Duis quis purus. Cras sed arcu. Vestibulum eu eros. Aliquam at dolor at nisl dictum feugiat. Morbi adipiscing. Morbi semper ornare pede. In ultricies enim quis urna. Sed bibendum nisl a lectus. Etiam venenatis sagittis libero. In dignissim tellus sit amet massa. Phasellus sapien elit, viverra sit amet, luctus et, sagittis vitae, neque. Pellentesque diam ipsum, facilisis vitae, hendrerit eget, faucibus volutpat, mauris. Nulla cursus neque et lacus. Praesent sapien. Nam rutrum aliquet tellus. Integer molestie, felis ac luctus volutpat, lacus ipsum rutrum dui, feugiat aliquet magna ligula sed ante.

Pellentesque tortor augue, bibendum sit amet, fermentum ac, lobortis vel, justo. Phasellus rutrum felis id augue. Ut dignissim, risus nec ultricies laoreet, lacus augue blandit dui, vitae dapibus quam diam id nunc. Mauris facilisis. Etiam vitae ante. Curabitur egestas magna adipiscing nunc. Aliquam vel dolor in eros hendrerit faucibus. Proin id eros vitae enim faucibus tincidunt. Sed turpis tellus, vehicula non, aliquet ut, convallis vel, eros. Vestibulum tempus diam in metus. Curabitur felis nulla, imperdiet in, mattis vel, rutrum sed, pede. Ut eu ipsum vitae quam faucibus aliquet. Class aptent taciti sociosqu ad litora torquent per conubia nostra, per inceptos hymenaeos. Nam nibh. Nulla elit lacus, ullamcorper ac, suscipit in, pretium ac, nisi.

Ut auctor nunc vel urna. Fusce eget nisi eget felis pellentesque eleifend. Phasellus consectetuer lectus id risus. Cras erat risus, aliquam sollicitudin, elementum sed, consequat nec, magna. Nam orci enim, congue vel, fermentum quis, lobortis eu, nibh. Mauris ut turpis. Curabitur cursus erat a tellus. Etiam interdum rhoncus turpis. Sed tincidunt. Integer consectetuer hendrerit magna. Integer pellentesque massa ac urna. Ut semper. Aenean porta sodales enim. Pellentesque tempor nonummy nunc. Quisque ultrices dolor eu ipsum. Pellentesque posuere venenatis ipsum. In hac habitasse platea dictumst. Integer euismod erat vitae tellus. Fusce consequat, quam sit amet suscipit congue, tellus purus blandit sapien, nec aliquet sem velit in purus.

Cras et risus sit amet turpis varius rutrum. Donec rutrum mattis ipsum. Cras sed turpis id tellus mollis tempor. In accumsan, libero nec hendrerit tincidunt, tellus ante venenatis quam, sed tincidunt ligula nunc in ante. In hac habitasse platea dictumst. Nunc orci mauris, viverra sed, ornare sit amet, mollis id, nibh. Curabitur pretium. Integer sagittis, neque vitae egestas tempus, neque ante auctor lacus, in mattis lectus lacus nec pede. Suspendisse lacinia nunc in metus. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Sed ultrices. Mauris sed tellus. Maecenas consectetuer, nisl sit amet blandit vulputate, metus nisi placerat sapien, vel sollicitudin leo diam mattis leo. Aenean lobortis nulla at sapien.

Donec at turpis. Nullam vehicula, est at tempus mollis, sapien sem adipiscing augue, et blandit velit sem eget enim. Nullam varius lorem vitae quam. Nullam nec neque eu lacus consectetuer cursus. Vestibulum ornare. Integer aliquet sapien vel metus. Maecenas scelerisque. Nam risus mi, tempor consequat, cursus ac, semper sed, leo. Integer vestibulum dapibus libero. Ut pulvinar, dui sed rutrum sollicitudin, odio enim luctus tortor, sit amet cursus massa enim eu tellus. Donec condimentum ornare velit. Nullam viverra, nibh a egestas mattis, lacus lectus sollicitudin arcu, ac hendrerit tortor eros sit amet diam. Sed vel elit sed odio sollicitudin malesuada.

Ut mi ante, bibendum in, ultricies ac, pharetra eu, leo. Suspendisse potenti. Aliquam rutrum odio ut dui. Cum sociis natoque penatibus et magnis dis parturient montes, nascetur ridiculus mus. Nulla eget tellus. Praesent ut nulla. Ut nonummy vehicula tellus. Cras sed eros a erat convallis tincidunt. Duis malesuada nulla at nulla. Aliquam id ligula viverra nunc ullamcorper tempor. Morbi pulvinar, erat et porttitor imperdiet, turpis odio malesuada risus, eu hendrerit lorem tortor eget magna. Cras consectetuer iaculis lorem. Nullam mi.

Phasellus nisi elit, bibendum vitae, imperdiet quis, consequat eu, tortor. Pellentesque quam. Etiam iaculis cursus urna. Proin sed odio ac lacus aliquam molestie. Sed bibendum. Sed lobortis orci ac felis. Ut ut urna eu enim tincidunt congue. In hac habitasse platea dictumst. Praesent ac ligula. Nullam viverra mauris. Nullam faucibus enim quis arcu. Quisque venenatis mauris a leo.

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