American Chess Association: Difference between revisions
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The American Chess Association represents the United States as the official governing body within the World Chess Federation, Inc. It was founded in 1857 when it sponsored the First American Chess Congress. On November 11, 1857 Paul Morphy, who had defeated Paulsen for the ACA title, was presented a silver service at the prize giving by Colonel Mead, President of the American Chess Association. On behalf of Paul Morphy, the American Chess Association offered a $5,000 challenge to any player in Europe to contest a match with the recently crowned ACA champion (see Illustrated London News, December 26, 1857). The purpose of the ACA is to extend the role of chess in American society. Current membership as of 2007 is approximately 500,000 members after a major national marketing campaign. Membership is $1 for life. The ACA publishes a monthly magazine, American Chess Monthly, now in its 151st year of publication, which can be subscribed to separately. American Chess Monthly has been published since Vol 1, #1 was founded and edited by Willard Fiske (who helped organize the First American Chess Congress), in January 1857.(see the Passionate Collector http://rmc.library.cornell.edu/collector/chess/chess_2.html). Fiske , with Paul Morphy as co-editor(http://sbchess.sinfree.net/willard.html), edited the American Chess Monthly until 1861. |
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The '''American Chess Association''' was a [[chess]] organisation founded in [[New York]], [[1857]].<ref>{{cite book | title = This Day in New York Sports | author = Jordan Sprechman | coauthors = Bill Shannon | pages = pp.280,406 | isbn = 1571672540 | publisher = Sports Publishing LLC | year = 1998 | accessdate = 2007-07-28 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.chessville.com/BillWall/StrangeButTrue.htm | title = Strange But True | work = Bill Wall's Wonderful World of Chess | author = Bill Wall | accessdate = 2007-07-08 }}</ref> The organization organized the first major chess tournament, the First American Chess Congress, in the United States on October 6, 1857.<ref>{{cite book | title = Who Was Who in America | year = 1967 | publisher = [[Marquis Who's Who]] | pages = p.23 | accessdate = 2007-07-28 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.brainyhistory.com/events/1857/october_6_1857_53681.html | title = October 6, 1857 in History | work = [[Brainy History]] | accessdate = 2007-07-28 }}</ref> On November 11, 1857, [[Paul Morphy]], who had defeated [[Louis Paulsen]] in the tournament, was presented with a silver service at the prize giving by Colonel Charles D. Mead,{{fact|date=July 2007}} President of the ACA.<ref>{{cite book | title = Paul Morphy : his later life | author = C.A. Buck | location = Newport, Ky. | publisher = Will. H. Lyons | year = 1902. | id = {{OCLC|2393093}} | url = http://batgirl.atspace.com/CA_Buck.html | accessdate = 2007-07-28 }}</ref> On behalf of Paul Morphy, the American Chess Association offered a $5,000 challenge to any player in Europe to contest a match with the recently crowned ACA champion.<ref>{{cite book | title = The Exploits and Triumphs, in Europe, of Paul Morphy | author = Frederick Milnes Edge | year = 1859 | publisher = D. Appleton & Company | pages = p.16 | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=rJcCAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA16&dq=%22The+Exploits+and+Triumphs%22+%22American+Chess+Association%22 }}</ref> |
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At the 2nd American Chess Congress 1871, Preston Ware, Jr was elected President of ACA |
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At the 3rd American Chess Congress 1874, James Adams Congdon was elected President of ACA. |
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As per "The Globe Magazine, 1876," the American Chess Association organized and later ran the 4th American Chess Congress which was held August 17-31, 1876 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. |
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At the 6th American Chess Congress, New York 1889 S. Lipshutz as the top American finisher, became US Chess Champion with the caveat the title must be defended by matches only and within a reasonable interval defend all challenges |
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Not defending within a reasonable interval, the 7th American Chess Congress was held to determine a new champion to succeed Pillsbury. Frank Marshall won the event. After defeating Jackson Showalter in 1909, Marshall resigned his title in Dec 1909 with formal statement made to the British newspaper The Daily Sketch in Dec 1909 . |
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1916 Showalter defends title vs Norman Whitaker winning 6-1 |
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1918 Norman Whitaker defeats Showalter in 1918 by a score of 5.5 to 2.5 |
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1892 New Editor of The American Chess Monthly became George H Walcott, Jr. of Boston(as documented @ www.bcmchess.co.uk/chessbooksmoravian.html)John F. Barry, of Boston served as Games Editor and later competed against Jackson Showalter for the U.S. Chess Championship in 1896. While editor, Walcott was 2nd at Rochester 1910 (NY State Championship;3rd Boston 1911 (Boston Chess Club Championship);5th at New York 1911 (behind only Marshall,Capablanca, Chajes, and Jaffe); and 2nd at Trenton Falls, 1912(NY State Championship; see Gaige, Crosstables, Vols 2-3. |
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The ACA published a monthly magazine, ''American Chess Monthly'', founded in January 1857 by [[Willard Fiske]], who had helped organize the First American Chess Congress.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://rmc.library.cornell.edu/collector/chess/chess_2.html | title = 1857 Chess Congress | work = Cornell Library | accessdate = 2007-07-28}}</ref> Fiske edited ''American Chess Monthly'' from 1857 until 1860, four months before it ceased publication. [[Morphy]] was credited as co-editor, though he had little actual involvement.<ref>{{cite book | title = The Oxford Companion to Chess | author = David Hooper | coauthors = Kenneth Whyld | pages = p.117 | isbn = 0192175408 | publisher = Oxford University Press | year = 1984 | accessdate = 2007-08-27 }}</ref> |
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1921 American Chess Monthly Volume 65 reports new US Champion as Norman Whitaker as top American finisher at 8th American Chess Congress in Atlantic City, per rules of 1889 NY 6th American Chess Congress which gave Lipshutz the US Champion title. Whitaker not only defeated European veteran Janowski (not US citizen and not eligible for US Champion title) who won the event, but also defeated Marshall head to head, who finished in a tie for 5th-7th. |
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In 1874, the American Chess Association changed its name to the National Chess Association.<ref>{{cite book | title = The U.S. Chess Championship, 1845-1985 | author = Andrew Soltis | coauthors = Gene McCormick | pages = p.31 | isbn = 0899500560 | publisher = McFarland & Company Inc | year = 1986 | accessdate = 2007-08-21 }}</ref> A successor organization, the National Chess Federation, merged with the American Chess Federation in 1939 to create the modern [[U.S. Chess Federation]].<ref>{{cite book | title = A Passion for Chess | author = Reuben Fine | pages = p.178 | publisher = David McKay Company, Inc | year = 1958 | accessdate = 2007-08-21 }}</ref> |
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In 1956, Hans Berliner won the ACA US Open directed by Norman Whitaker, a non USCF event (formerly aka Eastern States Open, was renamed ACA US Opens as per same as USCF renameing Western States Opens of 1901-1938 as USCF US Opens |
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1981 American Chess Monthly reports 1981 ACA Jaycees Open held in Cushing, Oklahoma and won by Stan Vaughan score of 6-0 |
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1985 American Chess Monthly reports ACA US Open/100th anniversary Col. Isaac Trabue held in Punta Gorda, Florida won by Stan Vaughan of Fort Myers. |
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2000 Las Vegas Sentinel-Voice (Feb 3, 2000) reports that ACA ranked #5 qualified to play match for ACA US Championship and was believed to be first African-American to play for the title in the organization's 143 year history. Cannon lost the $5,001 match, sponsored by the Pawn Place of Henderson, Nevada by a score of 6.5 to 0.5 to Stan Vaughan. Vaughan earned $3,334.00 while Cannon received $1,667.00(as reported by Eric Schiller, Chess City Magazine: http://www.chesscity.com) |
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the 2007 ACA US Open Chess Championship with 480 entrants Sep 1-3, was won by Varuzhan Akopian 12-0 and $6,000 |
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ACA (2710 with ACA US Champion Vaughan going 11-1 to be top American finisher and retain title for 2008 winning 3,000 2nd place and additional $5,000 bonus as 2008 ACA US Champion |
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Back issues reprints from the organization dating back to 1861 are available from the ACA organization's library. ACA contact info is amchess@cox.net. |
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==References== |
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{{reflist}} |
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==Further reading== |
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* {{cite book | title = The book of the first American chess congress; containing the proceedings of that celebrated assemblage held in New York in the year 1857 together with sketches of the history of chess in the old and new worlds | author = [[Willard Fiske]] | location = New York | publisher = Rudd & Carlton | year = 1859 | id = {{OCLC|3734014}} | url = http://rmc.library.cornell.edu/collector/chess/chess_2.html }} |
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[[Category:Chess organizations]] |
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[[Category:Chess in the United States]] |
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[[Category:Sports clubs established in 1857]] |
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{{chess-stub}} |
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Revision as of 16:28, 15 September 2007
The American Chess Association represents the United States as the official governing body within the World Chess Federation, Inc. It was founded in 1857 when it sponsored the First American Chess Congress. On November 11, 1857 Paul Morphy, who had defeated Paulsen for the ACA title, was presented a silver service at the prize giving by Colonel Mead, President of the American Chess Association. On behalf of Paul Morphy, the American Chess Association offered a $5,000 challenge to any player in Europe to contest a match with the recently crowned ACA champion (see Illustrated London News, December 26, 1857). The purpose of the ACA is to extend the role of chess in American society. Current membership as of 2007 is approximately 500,000 members after a major national marketing campaign. Membership is $1 for life. The ACA publishes a monthly magazine, American Chess Monthly, now in its 151st year of publication, which can be subscribed to separately. American Chess Monthly has been published since Vol 1, #1 was founded and edited by Willard Fiske (who helped organize the First American Chess Congress), in January 1857.(see the Passionate Collector http://rmc.library.cornell.edu/collector/chess/chess_2.html). Fiske , with Paul Morphy as co-editor(http://sbchess.sinfree.net/willard.html), edited the American Chess Monthly until 1861. At the 2nd American Chess Congress 1871, Preston Ware, Jr was elected President of ACA At the 3rd American Chess Congress 1874, James Adams Congdon was elected President of ACA. As per "The Globe Magazine, 1876," the American Chess Association organized and later ran the 4th American Chess Congress which was held August 17-31, 1876 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. At the 6th American Chess Congress, New York 1889 S. Lipshutz as the top American finisher, became US Chess Champion with the caveat the title must be defended by matches only and within a reasonable interval defend all challenges Not defending within a reasonable interval, the 7th American Chess Congress was held to determine a new champion to succeed Pillsbury. Frank Marshall won the event. After defeating Jackson Showalter in 1909, Marshall resigned his title in Dec 1909 with formal statement made to the British newspaper The Daily Sketch in Dec 1909 . 1916 Showalter defends title vs Norman Whitaker winning 6-1 1918 Norman Whitaker defeats Showalter in 1918 by a score of 5.5 to 2.5
1892 New Editor of The American Chess Monthly became George H Walcott, Jr. of Boston(as documented @ www.bcmchess.co.uk/chessbooksmoravian.html)John F. Barry, of Boston served as Games Editor and later competed against Jackson Showalter for the U.S. Chess Championship in 1896. While editor, Walcott was 2nd at Rochester 1910 (NY State Championship;3rd Boston 1911 (Boston Chess Club Championship);5th at New York 1911 (behind only Marshall,Capablanca, Chajes, and Jaffe); and 2nd at Trenton Falls, 1912(NY State Championship; see Gaige, Crosstables, Vols 2-3.
1921 American Chess Monthly Volume 65 reports new US Champion as Norman Whitaker as top American finisher at 8th American Chess Congress in Atlantic City, per rules of 1889 NY 6th American Chess Congress which gave Lipshutz the US Champion title. Whitaker not only defeated European veteran Janowski (not US citizen and not eligible for US Champion title) who won the event, but also defeated Marshall head to head, who finished in a tie for 5th-7th. In 1956, Hans Berliner won the ACA US Open directed by Norman Whitaker, a non USCF event (formerly aka Eastern States Open, was renamed ACA US Opens as per same as USCF renameing Western States Opens of 1901-1938 as USCF US Opens 1981 American Chess Monthly reports 1981 ACA Jaycees Open held in Cushing, Oklahoma and won by Stan Vaughan score of 6-0 1985 American Chess Monthly reports ACA US Open/100th anniversary Col. Isaac Trabue held in Punta Gorda, Florida won by Stan Vaughan of Fort Myers. 2000 Las Vegas Sentinel-Voice (Feb 3, 2000) reports that ACA ranked #5 qualified to play match for ACA US Championship and was believed to be first African-American to play for the title in the organization's 143 year history. Cannon lost the $5,001 match, sponsored by the Pawn Place of Henderson, Nevada by a score of 6.5 to 0.5 to Stan Vaughan. Vaughan earned $3,334.00 while Cannon received $1,667.00(as reported by Eric Schiller, Chess City Magazine: http://www.chesscity.com) the 2007 ACA US Open Chess Championship with 480 entrants Sep 1-3, was won by Varuzhan Akopian 12-0 and $6,000 ACA (2710 with ACA US Champion Vaughan going 11-1 to be top American finisher and retain title for 2008 winning 3,000 2nd place and additional $5,000 bonus as 2008 ACA US Champion
Back issues reprints from the organization dating back to 1861 are available from the ACA organization's library. ACA contact info is amchess@cox.net.