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==Internet activism==
==Internet activism==


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===Tactics===

[[Perverted Justice]] is an anti-pedophile organisation that aims to expose and convict adults who solicit and [[child grooming|groom]] minors in order to commit child sexual abuse on the [[internet]]. They often collaborate with law enforcement and television crews. Some freely hosted [[blogs]] also claim to expose real or potential child sex offenders. In her article "Virtual Lollipops and Lost Puppies: How Far Can States Go to Protect Minors through the Use of Internet Luring Laws",
M. Megan McCune writes:

<blockquote>
Perverted-Justice.com [is] a volunteer organization launched in 2003 that tracks sexual predators on the Internet. The volunteers pose as children in chat rooms and converse with alleged sexual predators who initiate conversations with them. Once a predator solicits and shows a clear intent to meet the volunteer, Perverted-Justice.com verifies the information by having a volunteer with a child-like voice contact the predator on the phone. Afterwards, Perverted-Justice.com contacts the local police with the information and evidence, and posts chat logs on the Perverted-Justice.com database. Perverted-Justice.com facilitated forty convictions between June of 2003 and January 1, 2006. Additionally, Dateline NBC has worked with this group on three occasions to inform the public of the threat Internet predators pose by having the predators come to a house where the predators believe they are meeting a minor for a sexual encounter. Instead, the predators are greeted by the show's host and television cameras. (pg.503)<ref> McCune, M. Megan, "Virtual Lollipops and Lost Puppies: How Far Can States Go to Protect Minors Through the Use of Internet Luring Laws." ''CommLaw Conspectus: Journal of Communications Law and Policy'', Vol. 14, Issue 2 (2006): pgs. 503-542[http://commlaw.cua.edu/abstracts/14_2.cfm - Entire article in PDF]</ref>

</blockquote>

[[Chris Hansen]], the host of the [[Dateline NBC]] program [[To Catch a Predator]], has published a book to accompany the series, ''To Catch a Predator: Protecting Your Kids from Online Enemies Already in Your Home'', which its publisher describes as:
<blockquote>
If you watch Dateline, you probably know the "To Catch a Predator" setup. ''To Catch a Predator'' the book recounts the preparation and aftermath of the harrowing encounters presented on the show, but it also situates the parent/reader in the story, by explaining how online predators burrow into your children's lives. A must-read for any parent who cares.<ref>Hansen, Chris, ''To Catch a Predator: Protecting Your Kids from Online Enemies Already in Your Home''. New York: Dutton, 2007. [http://books.google.com/books?id=WqJlAAAACAAJ&dq=%22To+Catch+a+Predator%22]</ref>
</blockquote>

Another initiative, Predator Hunter, headed by Wendell Kreuth, aims to track down and expose the pornography-related activities of alleged 'sexual predators'. Although, in 2002, Kreuth disclosed details of his activities in an interview with Minnesota Public Radio<ref>[http://news.minnesota.publicradio.org/features/200204/11_robertsont_predators-m/ Chasing online predators], [[April 15]][[2002]], retrieved [[May 21]][[2007]]</ref> (Note: the websites featured in the article are, in fact, legal)<ref>
[http://www.guidemag.com/magcontent/invokemagcontent.cfm?ID=A2E247F1-CB55-4215-9F96211CDCD52F41 The Big Chill: Verizon's decision last month to shut off a Montreal ISP for hosting edgy gay chatboards points to a colder, grayer internet ahead], [[November]][[2006]], retrieved [[May 21]][[2007]]</ref>, the activities of Predator Hunter in the years prior have garnered more attention, particularly in relation to [[Bradley Willman]], whose anti-pedophile activism is described below:
<blockquote>
Between 1997 and 2001, Brad Willman was known as Omni-Potent, an Internet vigilante who would track pedophiles by spending 16-plus hours a day hacking into people's computers from his parent's house in Langley, a suburban community just outside Vancouver. Ultimately, he was responsible for the arrests of about 40 pedophiles across Canada and the U.S. Willman's successful, albeit unpaid and short-lived venture as "Citizen Tipster," as he was known by police, is now over. But his activities have sparked intense debate over the legality of his tactics.<ref>Howard, Cori. "Internet Vigilante." ''Maclean's'', Vol. 118, Issue 23 (2005), pgs. 56-57 [http://www.philosophy.ubc.ca/faculty/bittner/content/phil338A/vigilante.doc]</ref><ref>See also Casey, Eoghan, ''Digital Evidence and Computer Crime: Forensic Science, Computers and the Internet''. London: Academic Press, 2004. pg. 580 [http://books.google.com/books?id=Xo8GMt_AbQsC&pg=PA580&ots=-WV5JW13MD&dq=%22Bradley+Willman%22&sig=rgy0xZxHmAvyJSDrHdtsGNzbd6g]</ref>
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
He would verify where suspects were from, and send the information on to Predator-Hunter, an online pedophile watchdog group that would, in turn, send it to other sources to be verified before passing it on to police. "Parents in a number of countries, I think, owe OmniPotent a debt of gratitude for what he did," says Wendell Krueth, president of Predator-Hunter. The end justifying the means is a concept Predator-Hunter supports. "We don't tell people to go hack, but we consider whatever information we get worthy in taking down pedophiles," Krueth says.<ref>Howard, "Internet Vigilante", pg.56</ref></blockquote>


===Countering pro-pedophile activists===
===Countering pro-pedophile activists===

Revision as of 19:39, 21 September 2007

Template:Totally disputed

Anti-pedophile (or anti-paedophile) activism encompasses opposition to pedophiles, pro-pedophile activism, and other phenomena that are commonly seen as related to pedophilia, such as child pornography and child sexual abuse[1].

Local activism

Some local groups have taken to marching in opposition to the locations of various child sex offenders whom they and newspapers such as The News of the World recognise as pedophiles.[2] Members of the Edinburgh based Society Against Pedophiles are reported to have traveled the city streets in a blacked out van, whilst using night-vision goggles to monitor offenders.[3][4] The group shut down in April of 2007 following clashes with suspected sex offenders.[5] In the Netherlands, the pedophile activist group Vereniging MARTIJN has been protested against by the far right Nationale Alliante.[6]

Internet activism

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Countering pro-pedophile activists

Other Perverted-Justice activities

CorporateSexOffenders.com, and its associated wiki "Wikisposure", was launched in late June 2007 by some administrators behind Perverted-Justice.com with the mission statement "to target corporations and the pedophiles they allow to use their services".[7]

The website contributed to the arrest of James P. Finn III of Michigan in late July of the same year. After their first featured "Wikisposure Project" "article of the month" inspired a mailing of fliers throughout Finn's community, reports say that a family member of Finn's then made allegations of illegal online activities. Finn was found with 600 images and 30 videos of children, of which three have lead to charges of child pornography.[8] He faces up to 20 years in jail.[9] In 1998, James Finn III ("Jimf3") was the webmaster of one of the oldest pedophile communities online, BoyChat.[10] He stepped down from this position in January of 1999.[11]

Finn has disputed the idea that BoyChat and other pedophile resources were breeding grounds for child pornography to the media on several occasions. "I have been active on BoyChat for over two years and I've been the webmaster for about 18 months and I've never known such activities to go on," he says. "First, BoyChat strictly enforces rules against such picture trading and against meeting boys. Not only do I and other administrators watch out for this, a very large cadre of regular posters are careful to warn newcomers about the realities of the board".[12]

Anti-pedophile activists claim that such websites are a front for illicit activity and dismiss claims to the contrary. They claim that the arrest of James Finn III illustrates the falseness of defenses of pro-pedophile websites such as BoyChat.

Wikisposure has been credited with providing information leading to at least one more arrest.[13]

Other anti-pedophile activist groups

Founders of OperationShutDownPuellula.com make it clear that they do not want to see expression of pro-pedophile viewpoints on the Internet.[14]

Absolute Zero United challenges the pro-pedophile activists' view of their condition as a "protected sexual preference" and instead views pedophilia as a "deviant mental illness" that does not deserve protection. While they state their mission is to monitor and report illegal activities, their mission statement does not endorse vigilantism.[15]

Silentlambs is a web based anti-pedophilia group that seeks to protect children through education, to provide legal assistance, and to provide assistance to victims who have been molested as children and silenced from speaking out or seeking proper assistance as directed by religious authorities. To date, most of its emphasis has been on abuse within the Jehovah's Witness community.[16]

Bill O'Reilly and the Jessica's Law campaign

In recent years, one of the most prominent American anti-pedophile activists has been Bill O'Reilly, who publicly advocates the Jessica's Law amendment for all U.S. states. His talk show, The O'Reilly Factor, frequently airs anti-pedophile segments that support his work and pressure political figures to enact this legislation. Since O'Reilly's campaign started, 41 states have enacted the proposed legislation.[17]

The following snippet, taken from an installment of The Factor (Sept. 15, 2006), displays O'Reilly’s anti-pedophile activism in practice[18]:

GARY HARRIS [the former attorney for the John Mark Karr family]: "The problem with that -- the problem with that is he's never been accused of being a pedophile, much less being convicted of that crime."

O'REILLY: "Well, I'm going by the American Psychiatric Association's definition of a pedophile. Let me read it to you, counselor. "Over a period of time, recurrent intensely sexually arousing fantasies, sexual urges, behaviors involving sexual activity with a prepubescent child or children."

Now your client stands is accused - stands accused. Haven't been convicted, you're correct, of possessing child pornography, vile stuff. He's on tape as recording - as talking to a college professor about a murdered young girl saying all kinds of inappropriate things, which you have heard. So how can you sit there and tell me that this man's not a pedophile?"

HARRIS: "Well, I just know that when he was 37-years old, he left Alabama. And up until that time, he had no criminal record. He had no juvenile record. He was known as a good father. He has no record of ever having molested or mistreated any child at any time.

And I know from studying pedophiles and psychopaths that we know that they start real young in acquiring these -- or manifesting these tendencies. They start - peeping Tom."

O'REILLY: "Then how do you explain his words to the college professor about inappropriate behavior with a young girl?"

Criticism of the movement's tactics

While Bill O'Reilly asserts that "Mr. Von Erck. You've done very good work. And you're an example to the country,"[19] a few others have instead found such activism problematic at best, and their criticism often centers on the methods used by such activists, particularly the "outing" of individuals who solicit minors for sex online -- since in some cases it is claimed they get the identities wrong and target unrelated individuals.[20]. Criticism in regard to Perverted Justice (as well as To Catch a Predator, its television specials coordinated with Dateline NBC) has come from diverse quarters: the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children, the Internet Crimes Against Children task force, police officers, journalists, professors, and legal scholars (represented respectively):

"We don't believe it helps deter those predators," said Kelly Burke, supervisor of the exploited child unit at the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children, which operates a tip line (www.cybertipline.com) but does not condone investigations by citizens. "Mainly it moves the predators to different areas and pushes them to act smarter in concealing their identity."[21]

"We've seen numerous cases that would constitute entrapment, and then Chris Hansen shoves a camera in these guys' faces and they end up convicted on the basis of the camera confession," says Brad Russ, director of training for Internet Crimes Against Children, a federally funded task force that declined to partner with Dateline. "The whole thing is a perversion of the way the criminal-justice system is supposed to operate."[22]

Police officials in San Antonio and Austin in Texas said they had no plans to work with Perverted Justice. Fort Worth police would "reluctantly" work with such a group, said Lt. K. Rodricks, who heads that department's special investigations section. "We don't want to get in the business of adding to Internet vigilantism."[23]

Entrapment is a legal term best applicable to law enforcement. Perverted Justice says it's careful not to initiate contact with marks, nor steer them into explicit sexual banter. But as these chats and others make clear, they are prepared to flirt, literally, with that line. Under most state statutes passed to combat online predators, the demonstrated intent to solicit sexual acts from a minor is sufficient to land you in jail regardless of whether the minor is a willing participant. So, as a legal matter, the enticements offered by the decoys are of little importance to the police, or to issue advocates like Perverted Justice. But journalistically it looks a lot like crossing the line from reporting the news to creating the news.[24]

Former ABC News correspondent Robert Zelnick, chairman of the journalism department at the University of Boston, has "little sympathy for sexual predators." However, he adds, "if you're employing fraudulent techniques to lure people into embarrassing situations, that's crossed the line."[25]

Hasan Cavusoglu, an assistant professor at the Sauder School of Business, University of British Columbia, voices his concern about activities such as those by Bradley Willman (see above):

"The way the information was collected is not appropriate. [...] It may challenge the foundation of many institutions we all rely on if everybody starts to do what they deem to be right. We should all abide by the laws." According to Cavusoglu, it simply is not appropriate for regular citizens to assume the responsibility of going after criminals. And he believes that the ramifications of courts accepting the kind of evidence Willman provided are quite serious. "This will create precedents," he predicts, "for other prosecutors to attempt to use evidence obtained by illegal means in other trials."[26]

Susan Brenner, NCR Distinguished Professor of Law & Technology, University of Dayton School of Law, writes:

Perverted Justice vigilantes work with law enforcement to apprehend pedophiles, rather than taking justice entirely into their own hands. Their efforts are analogous to the civilian participation model outlined above insofar as they work with law enforcement, but they deviate from that model in at least one, critical respect. Perverted Justice members initiate the investigations and completely control the process of bringing suspects to law enforcement; aside from anything else, this imports a substantial risk into the process, a risk both of targeting individuals unjustifiably and of committing procedural errors that may result in prosecutions being quashed and/or evidence suppressed. If we are to allow civilian participation in the cybercrime investigation process, that participation must always be subject to and constrained by law enforcement authority. Otherwise, we are merely sanctioning a variant of the vigilante activity that has historically been prohibited. (pg. 66)[27]

Luke Dittrich's article "Tonight on Dateline: This Man Will Die."[28] provides more detailed criticism of the methods employed in the production of the episode of NBC's "To Catch a Predator" that witnessed the suicide of Rockwall County Assistant District Attorney Louis W. Conradt, Jr., in Terrell, Texas. As a result of that particular sting operation, Conradt's estate, managed by his sister Patricia Conradt, is suing "Dateline" for US$105 million.[29][30] A copy of the "Original Complaint" in the civil case Conradt vs NBC Universal Inc., filed in the United States District Court, Southern District of New York, on July 23, 2007, is available in facsimile.[31]

See also

References

  1. ^ http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/programmes/global_crime_report/investigation/cybercrime2.shtml
  2. ^ Families flee paedophile protests August 92000, retrieved May 212007
  3. ^ Society Against Pedophiles, retrieved May 212007
  4. ^ Capital store denies giving free help to vigilantes, Dec 292006, retrieved May 212007
  5. ^ Paedo Hunters Go Into Hiding May 72007, retrieved May 222007
  6. ^ Dutch paedophiles set up political party, May 302006, retrieved May 222007
  7. ^ Corporate Sex Offenders, retrieved June 252007
  8. ^ http://www.freep.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20070720/NEWS02/707200305
  9. ^ http://www.detnews.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20070720/METRO/707200359/1003]
  10. ^ [1], retrieved July 19th2007
  11. ^ http://www.boychat.org/nicklist/nicklist.htm
  12. ^ [2], retrieved July 19th2007
  13. ^ http://www.marinij.com/marin/ci_6527722
  14. ^ Why This Is War, retrieved May 222007
  15. ^ Absolute Zero United: Mission Statement, retrieved May 222007
  16. ^ French, Rose, "Jehovah's Witnesses Settle Abuse Cases", Associated Press (May 10, 2007) [3]
  17. ^ http://www.billoreilly.com/outragefunnels
  18. ^ O'Reilly, Bill, "Update on John Mark Karr Case". O'Reilly Factor (FOX News). Sept 15, 2006 (Transcript Accession No.: 32U0647058453FX2)[4]
  19. ^ O'Reilly, Bill. "Man Helps Convict Child Predators" (interview with Xavier Von Erck). O'Reilly Factor (FOX News). Oct 24, 2006 (Transcript Accession No.: 32U2450600098FX2)[5]
  20. ^ Perverted-Justice Distributes Fliers Containing Innocent Family's Address!, February 182006, retrieved May 222007
  21. ^ Daniel, Mac, "Vigilante Websites Combat Solicitation of Minors for Sex", Boston Globe. Oct 11, 2003. pg. B.3[6]
  22. ^ Grigoriadis, Vanessa, "'To Catch a Predator': The New American Witch Hunt for Dangerous Pedophiles," Rolling Stone, Issue 1032 (July, 9 2007), pgs. 64-71[7]
  23. ^ Colgin, Chris and Jason Trahan, "Campaign against Child Sex Predators Draws Critics", Dallas Morning News. Sept 11, 2006[8]
  24. ^ McCollam, Douglas. "The Shame Game: 'To Catch a Predator' is propping up NBC's Dateline, but at what cost?" Columbia Journalism Review (Jan/Feb 2007)[9]. See also Stanley, Alessandra. "Gotcha! A Walk of Shame for Online Predators", New York Times. May 17, 2006. pg. E.1[10]
  25. ^ McClellan, Steve. "Controversy Surrounds Sex-Predator Sting", Broadcasting & Cable, Vol. 134, Iss. 12 (2004), pg. 14[11]
  26. ^ Howard, "Internet Vigilante", pg.56
  27. ^ Brenner, Susan W. "Private-Public Sector Cooperation in Combating Cybercrime: In Search of a Model." Journal of International Commercial Law and Technology, Vol. 2, Issue 2 (2007): pgs. 58-67 Entire article in PDF
  28. ^ Dittrich, Luke, "Tonight on Dateline: This Man Will Die: Nine months ago, NBC's 'To Catch a Predator' arrived in Murphy, Texas, to conduct a sting operation. The only honest thing that followed was the gunshot," Esquire (July 30, 2007)[12]
  29. ^ "'Dateline' sued in sex-sting suicide", New York Post (July 18, 2007). [13]
  30. ^ "NBC sued for $105 million over man's death", Reuters (July 23, 2007). [14]
  31. ^ "Documents for Hundred Million Dollar Lawsuit Against NBC's 'Dateline' Predator Program Obtained by Corrupted-Justice" [15]


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