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The [[Pre-Columbian]] ruins of the city of [[Teotihuacan]] are located in the State of México.
The [[Pre-Columbian]] ruins of the city of [[Teotihuacan]] are located in the State of México.


==Work we are doing on the Geography section of the [[México (state)]] page==
⚫
==Geography==
The State of México is bounded to the north by [[Hidalgo (Mexico)|Hidalgo]] and [[Querétaro]], to the east by [[Tlaxcala]] and [[Puebla]], to the south by [[Morelos]] and [[Guerrero]], and to the west by [[Michoacán]]. It has an area of {{km2 to sq mi|21461}}.


⚫
===Geography===
⚫
A large part of the state lies within that great depression of the Mexican plateau known as the Valley of Mexico. Enclosed within its boundaries, except on the south, is the [[Mexico City|Mexican Federal District]] and capital [[Mexico City]] with an area of {{km2 to sq mi|1479}}, which is not in the state of Mexico, but borders it to the west, north and east of the District.
The State of Mexico is located in the central part of the Mexican Republic inside the extreme coordinates of the parallels 18’ 21’ 29’’ and 20’ 17’ 20’’ of the north latitude. It is between the meridians 98’35’50’’ and 100’36’3” of west longitude, with an altitude that varies from 1330 meters above the sea level to 2800. The state has a surface of 22 499.95 km2, which represents 1.1% of the Mexican territory. <ref>{{cite book |last= Gobierno del Estado de Mexico |title= [[Perfil socioeconomico del Estado de Mexico]] |publisher= [[Gobierno del Estado de Mexico]] |location= Mexico |language= Spanish |year= 1994 |isbn= 27279 }}</ref>


====Political Geography====
⚫
The state is divided into two unequal parts by the [[Sierra de Ajusco]] and [[Montes de las Cruces]], which form a wooded ridge across it from east to west, with a general elevation of about 3,000 meters (10,000&nbsp;{{ft}}) above sea-level, or about 800 meters (2,500&nbsp;ft) above the plateau level. These ranges are part of a broken irregular chain which sometimes bears the name of [[Anahuac]].
'''Borders'''


⚫
The State of México is bounded to the north by [[Hidalgo (Mexico)|Hidalgo]] and [[Querétaro]], to the east by [[Tlaxcala]] and [[Puebla]], to the south by [[Morelos]] and [[Guerrero]], and to the west by [[Michoacán]]. Enclosed within its boundaries, except on the south, is the [[Mexico City|Mexican Federal District]] and capital [[Mexico City]] with an area of {{km2 to sq mi|1479}}, which is not in the state of Mexico, but borders it to the west, north and east of the District. <ref>{{cite book |last= Salgado |first= J. |title= [[Estado de Mexico: Evolucion Socioeconomica]] |publisher= [[UAEM]] |location=Mexico |language= Spanish |year= 1993 |isbn= 058318 }}</ref>
⚫
A considerable part of the northern plateau consists of a broad plain, once the bed of a great lake but now covered with swamps, sodden meadows and lakes. The surrounding country drains into this depression, but an artificial outlet has been created by the opening of the [[Tequixquiac]] tunnel. Beyond its margin the plateau drains westward to the [[Pacific Ocean]] through the [[Lerma River]], and north-east to the [[Gulf of Mexico|Gulf]] through the [[San Juan River (Veracruz)|San Juan]] and [[Panuco River|Panuco]] rivers.


====Political Division====
South of the [[Sierra de Ajusco]], the country is roughly mountainous and drains to the Pacific through tributaries of the [[Balsas River]].
It is integrated by 121 municipalities grouped in 8 socioeconomic regions:
* Toluca, which has 24 municipalities
* Zumpango, which has 30 municipalities
* Texcoco, which has 25 municipalities
* Tejupilco, which has 5 municipalities
* Atlacomulco, which has 9 municipalities
* Coatepec Hatinas, which has 12 municipalities
* Valle de Bravo, which has 9 municipalities
* Jilotepec, which has 7 municipalities <ref>{{cite book |last= Gobierno del Estado de Mexico |title= [[Perfil socioeconomico del Estado de Mexico]] |publisher= [[Gobierno del Estado de Mexico]] |location= Mexico |language= Spanish |year= 1994 |isbn= 27279 }}</ref>


====Natural Geography====
⚫
Within the [[lacustrine]] depression of the north are the lakes of [[Lake Zumpango|Zumpango]], [[Lake San Cristobal|San Cristobal]], [[Lake Xaltocan|Xaltocan]], [[Lake Chalco|Chalco]], [[Lake Xochimilco|Xochimilco]] and [[Lake Texcoco|Texcoco]], the latter three lying partly or wholly in the Federal District. Texcoco has the lowest level and its water is [[brackish]] and undrinkable, though that of the streams flowing into it and of the other lakes is sweet. Lake Xochimilco is celebrated for its "floating gardens" or ''[[chinampa]]s''
'''Features'''

Its surface total is 2, 249, 978.9 hectare. It is used for agriculture, forest and livestock. 14% of the territory is urban, water and industrial zones. <ref>{{cite book |last= CONAPO |title= [[Situacion demografica del Estado de Mexico]] |publisher= [[Consejo Nacional de Poblacion]] |location=Mexico |language= Spanish |year= 1999 |isbn= 26645 }}</ref>

'''Biosphere'''

Characterized for its big planes. To the North, we can find a region called "Los Llanos", its vegetation is conformed by mezquites, pirules and nopales. In the State of Mexico, there are oak trees and holm oak like in Cuzdha and El Rosal in San Miguel Calpulalpan. Toluca and Lerma are in the central valleys, where industries are the main income. In the surrounding hills, the vegetation is formed by pines and holm oaks. There are "cedros blancos" at the Bncheves National Park. Ocotes are very common in "El Oro". In the central valley it is found industries and cultive lands. In the surrounding hills the vegetation is conformed by pines.In the hot land the vegetation is like in the low jungle. It is found capl, guajes, papelillos, acacias, palo de Brasil, guacima and amate. <ref>{{cite book |last= Enciclopedia Universal de Mexico |title= [[Enciclopedia Universal de Mexico]] |publisher= [[EuroMexico]] |location=Mexico |language= Spanish |year= 2001 }}</ref>

'''Mountains and Valleys'''

⚫
The state is divided by two unequal parts: the Cross-sectional Volcanic Axis, which is formed with summits, level and the Mountain Range of Queretaro and Hidalgo, and the Mountain Range Mother of the South, which comes from the depression of the Balsas river, in addition to valleys from Guerrero. Inside this system are included the [[Sierra de Ajusco]] and [[Montes de las Cruces]], which form a wooded ridge across it from east to west, with a general elevation of about 3,000 meters (10,000&nbsp;{{ft}}) above sea-level, or about 800 meters (2,500&nbsp;ft) above the plateau level. These ranges are part of a broken irregular chain which sometimes bears the name of [[Anahuac]]. <ref>{{cite book |last= Gobierno del Estado de Mexico |title= [[Perfil socioeconomico del Estado de Mexico]] |publisher= [[Gobierno del Estado de Mexico]] |location= Mexico |language= Spanish |year= 1994 |isbn= 27279 }}</ref>

The most important summits are the Snowed Mountain Range, Mountain Range of the Crosses, “Nevado de Toluca” and the valleys of Toluca-Lerma and Cuautitlan- Texcoco. <ref>{{cite book |last= CONAPO |title= [[Situacion demografica del Estado de Mexico]] |publisher= [[Consejo Nacional de Poblacion]] |location=Mexico |language= Spanish |year= 1999 |isbn= 26645 }}</ref>

'''Lakes and Rivers'''

⚫
A considerable part of the northern plateau consists of a broad plain, once the bed of a great lake but now covered with swamps, sodden meadows and lakes. The surrounding country drains into this depression, but an artificial outlet has been created by the opening of the [[Tequixquiac]] tunnel. Beyond its margin the plateau drains westward to the [[Pacific Ocean]] through the [[Lerma River]] that has a surface of 6147. 49 km2, and north-east to the [[Gulf of South of the [[Sierra de Ajusco]], the country is roughly mountainous and drains to the Pacific through tributaries of the [[Balsas River]]Mexico|Gulf]] that has 8 372.14 km2 through the [[San Juan River (Veracruz)|San Juan]] and [[Panuco River|Panuco]] river that has a surface of 7 980.32 km2. <ref>{{cite book |last= Enciclopedia Universal de Mexico |title= [[Enciclopedia Universal de Mexico]] |publisher= [[EuroMexico]] |location=Mexico |language= Spanish |year= 2001 }}</ref>

⚫
Within the [[lacustrine]] depression of the north are the lakes of [[Lake Zumpango|Zumpango]], [[Lake San Cristobal|San Cristobal]], [[Lake Xaltocan|Xaltocan]], [[Lake Chalco|Chalco]], [[Lake Xochimilco|Xochimilco]] and [[Lake Texcoco|Texcoco]], the latter three lying partly or wholly in the Federal District.

'''Weather'''

They are predominated the tempering climates: tempering-humid and tempering- sub humid, that occupy about 60% of the surface of the state. The annual average temperatura in the south-east is about 20 ºC, and the north is about 13ºC.
::::'''please be sure to put the in-text citations like I showed you in class.'''[[User:Thelmadatter|Thelmadatter]] 18:51, 5 October 2007 (UTC). The anual rainfall rate is between 600 and 1800 mm. <ref>{{cite book |last= Enciclopedia Universal de Mexico |title= [[Enciclopedia Universal de Mexico]] |publisher= [[EuroMexico]] |location=Mexico |language= Spanish |year= 2001 }}</ref>


==Demographics==
==Demographics==

Revision as of 21:17, 8 October 2007

State of Mexico
Estado de México
State
Flag of State of Mexico
Flag
Coat of arms of State of Mexico
Coat of arms
Location within Mexico
Location within Mexico
Country Mexico
CapitalToluca
Municipalities126
Largest CityEcatepec
Government
 • GovernorEnrique Peña Nieto (PRI)
 • Federal DeputiesPRI: 7
PAN: 11
PRD: 20
Convergencia: 2
 • Federal SenatorsYeidckol Polevnsky (PRD)
Héctor Bautista (PRD)
Ulises Ramírez (PAN)
Area

Ranked 25th
 • Total
21,355 km2 (8,245 sq mi)
Population
 (2005)
 • Total
14,007,495(Ranked 1st)
HDI (2004)0.7789 - medium
Ranked 18th
ISO 3166-2MX-MEX
Postal abbr.Mex.
WebsiteState of Mexico Government

The State of México (often abbreviated to "Edomex" from Estado de México in Spanish) is a state in the center of the nation of Mexico. The State's capital is the city of Toluca.

The Pre-Columbian ruins of the city of Teotihuacan are located in the State of México.

Work we are doing on the Geography section of the México (state) page

Geography

The State of Mexico is located in the central part of the Mexican Republic inside the extreme coordinates of the parallels 18’ 21’ 29’’ and 20’ 17’ 20’’ of the north latitude. It is between the meridians 98’35’50’’ and 100’36’3” of west longitude, with an altitude that varies from 1330 meters above the sea level to 2800. The state has a surface of 22 499.95 km2, which represents 1.1% of the Mexican territory. [1]

Political Geography

Borders

The State of México is bounded to the north by Hidalgo and Querétaro, to the east by Tlaxcala and Puebla, to the south by Morelos and Guerrero, and to the west by Michoacán. Enclosed within its boundaries, except on the south, is the Mexican Federal District and capital Mexico City with an area of Template:Km2 to sq mi, which is not in the state of Mexico, but borders it to the west, north and east of the District. [2]

Political Division

It is integrated by 121 municipalities grouped in 8 socioeconomic regions:

  • Toluca, which has 24 municipalities
  • Zumpango, which has 30 municipalities
  • Texcoco, which has 25 municipalities
  • Tejupilco, which has 5 municipalities
  • Atlacomulco, which has 9 municipalities
  • Coatepec Hatinas, which has 12 municipalities
  • Valle de Bravo, which has 9 municipalities
  • Jilotepec, which has 7 municipalities [3]

Natural Geography

Features

Its surface total is 2, 249, 978.9 hectare. It is used for agriculture, forest and livestock. 14% of the territory is urban, water and industrial zones. [4]

Biosphere

Characterized for its big planes. To the North, we can find a region called "Los Llanos", its vegetation is conformed by mezquites, pirules and nopales. In the State of Mexico, there are oak trees and holm oak like in Cuzdha and El Rosal in San Miguel Calpulalpan. Toluca and Lerma are in the central valleys, where industries are the main income. In the surrounding hills, the vegetation is formed by pines and holm oaks. There are "cedros blancos" at the Bncheves National Park. Ocotes are very common in "El Oro". In the central valley it is found industries and cultive lands. In the surrounding hills the vegetation is conformed by pines.In the hot land the vegetation is like in the low jungle. It is found capl, guajes, papelillos, acacias, palo de Brasil, guacima and amate. [5]

Mountains and Valleys

The state is divided by two unequal parts: the Cross-sectional Volcanic Axis, which is formed with summits, level and the Mountain Range of Queretaro and Hidalgo, and the Mountain Range Mother of the South, which comes from the depression of the Balsas river, in addition to valleys from Guerrero. Inside this system are included the Sierra de Ajusco and Montes de las Cruces, which form a wooded ridge across it from east to west, with a general elevation of about 3,000 meters (10,000 Template:Ft) above sea-level, or about 800 meters (2,500 ft) above the plateau level. These ranges are part of a broken irregular chain which sometimes bears the name of Anahuac. [6]

The most important summits are the Snowed Mountain Range, Mountain Range of the Crosses, “Nevado de Toluca” and the valleys of Toluca-Lerma and Cuautitlan- Texcoco. [7]

Lakes and Rivers

A considerable part of the northern plateau consists of a broad plain, once the bed of a great lake but now covered with swamps, sodden meadows and lakes. The surrounding country drains into this depression, but an artificial outlet has been created by the opening of the Tequixquiac tunnel. Beyond its margin the plateau drains westward to the Pacific Ocean through the Lerma River that has a surface of 6147. 49 km2, and north-east to the [[Gulf of South of the Sierra de Ajusco, the country is roughly mountainous and drains to the Pacific through tributaries of the Balsas RiverMexico|Gulf]] that has 8 372.14 km2 through the San Juan and Panuco river that has a surface of 7 980.32 km2. [8]

Within the lacustrine depression of the north are the lakes of Zumpango, San Cristobal, Xaltocan, Chalco, Xochimilco and Texcoco, the latter three lying partly or wholly in the Federal District.

Weather

They are predominated the tempering climates: tempering-humid and tempering- sub humid, that occupy about 60% of the surface of the state. The annual average temperatura in the south-east is about 20 ºC, and the north is about 13ºC.

please be sure to put the in-text citations like I showed you in class.Thelmadatter 18:51, 5 October 2007 (UTC). The anual rainfall rate is between 600 and 1800 mm. [9]

Demographics

In the 2005 census, the state had a population of about 14,007,495 people. (The population in 1900 was 934,468, largely Native American.) The majority of the present-day population in the state are located within the Greater Mexico City metropolitan area surrounding the Distrito Federal; the state's population is rapidly increasing due to urbanization.

Economy

The principal industries of the state are agricultural, and the principal products are cereals, sugar, maguey (from which pulque is made), coffee, and fruit. Stock-raising has also had a profitable development, owing to the proximity of the national capital. The manufacturing industries are important; among the manufactures (1900) are cotton and woollen fabrics, flour, dairy products, glass-ware, pottery, bricks, wines and spirits. In 1900, the making of pulque from the sap of the maguey plant (Agave americana) was the chief industry of the state, and the product is exported in large quantities to the national capital.

In 1900, the state was traversed by the Central, National, Mexican International and Interoceanic railways, and by short lines from the national capital to neighbouring towns.

Today, the auto industry is a major industry in the state.

Tourism in the State of Mexico

The State of Mexico is divided in eight regions: Toluca, Zumpango, Texcoco, Tejupilco, Atlacomulco, Coatepec Harinas, Valle de Bravo and Jilotepec. [10]


The State of Mexico offers an enormous set of tourist attractions. Visitors have the opportunity of enjoy the most variable landscapes, warm climate; fertile and green valleys; lakes, forest and Great Mountains. The most outstanding tourist sites are the colorful Valle de Bravo and Ixtapan de la Sal. Other tourist attractions are the pre- Hispanic monuments of Teotihuacan, a civic and religious center. Malinalco with its archeological zone carved over the mountain rocks and the archeological zone of Teotenango “El lugar de la muralla sagrada” (The place of the sacred wall). [11]


Valle de Bravo

This beautiful place originally named Temascaltepec and San Francisco del Valle de Temascaltepec later, nowadays is known as a great place where life flows peacefully. The peculiar urban physiognomy of this place is given by typical houses of white walls with “guardapolvos” of rust color, wide rooftops and portals and balconies. The sloping streets and cobblestone alleys, reach "Plaza Principal" or beautiful neighborhoods like "Santa Maria" and "El Santuario". Art production in Valle de Bravo is based on ceramic and fabric. Valle de Bravo since four decades has become one of the most important tourist places in Mexico. In Valle de Bravo you can practice golf, equitation, tennis, sky-diving, skiing and fishing. [12]


Ixtapan de la Sal

Ixtapan de la Sal is located 66 kms from Toluca and 120 kms fro Mexico city. Its original name means over the salt and it 1900 meter over the sea level. Its principal attraction is conformed by thermal springs and water parks with covered pools and other services like private pools and spa. The Church of “El señor del Perdon” (Lord of the forgiveness) complements the tourist attractions keeping its original cover from the 16th century. 16 kms away are located the “Grutas de la Estrella” (Cave of the Star). [13]

Government and politics

The Constitution of the State of México provides that the government of the State of México, like the government of every other state in Mexico, consists of three powers: the executive, the legislative and the judiciary.

Executive power rests in the Governor of the State of México, who is directly elected by the citizens, using a secret ballot, to a 6-year term with no possibility of reelection. Legislative power rests in the Congress of the State of México which is a unicameral legislature . Judicial power is invested in the Superior Court of Justice of the State of México.

Municipalities

Main article: Municipalities of México State

The State of México is divided into 125 municipalities, each headed by a municipal president (mayor). Most municipalities are named after the city that serves as municipal seat; e.g. the municipal seat of the Municipality of Nezahualcóyotl is the City of Nezahualcóyotl (aka Ciudad Neza). Typically the city contains the majority of the population within the municipality.

Major communities

References

Public Domain This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. {{cite encyclopedia}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)

  1. ^ Gobierno del Estado de Mexico (1994). Perfil socioeconomico del Estado de Mexico (in Spanish). Mexico: Gobierno del Estado de Mexico. ISBN 27279. {{cite book}}: Check |isbn= value: length (help)
  2. ^ Salgado, J. (1993). Estado de Mexico: Evolucion Socioeconomica (in Spanish). Mexico: UAEM. ISBN 058318. {{cite book}}: Check |isbn= value: length (help)
  3. ^ Gobierno del Estado de Mexico (1994). Perfil socioeconomico del Estado de Mexico (in Spanish). Mexico: Gobierno del Estado de Mexico. ISBN 27279. {{cite book}}: Check |isbn= value: length (help)
  4. ^ CONAPO (1999). Situacion demografica del Estado de Mexico (in Spanish). Mexico: Consejo Nacional de Poblacion. ISBN 26645. {{cite book}}: Check |isbn= value: length (help)
  5. ^ Enciclopedia Universal de Mexico (2001). Enciclopedia Universal de Mexico (in Spanish). Mexico: EuroMexico.
  6. ^ Gobierno del Estado de Mexico (1994). Perfil socioeconomico del Estado de Mexico (in Spanish). Mexico: Gobierno del Estado de Mexico. ISBN 27279. {{cite book}}: Check |isbn= value: length (help)
  7. ^ CONAPO (1999). Situacion demografica del Estado de Mexico (in Spanish). Mexico: Consejo Nacional de Poblacion. ISBN 26645. {{cite book}}: Check |isbn= value: length (help)
  8. ^ Enciclopedia Universal de Mexico (2001). Enciclopedia Universal de Mexico (in Spanish). Mexico: EuroMexico.
  9. ^ Enciclopedia Universal de Mexico (2001). Enciclopedia Universal de Mexico (in Spanish). Mexico: EuroMexico.
  10. ^ INEGI, Instituto Nacional de Etadistica Geografia e Informatica (2001). Estado de Mexico/Guia Turistica Estatal. Mexico: INEGI. ISBN 970-13-3559-7. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  11. ^ INEGI, Instituto Nacional de Etadistica Geografia e Informatica (2001). Estado de Mexico/Guia Turistica Estatal. Mexico: INEGI. ISBN 970-13-3559-7. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  12. ^ INEGI, Instituto Nacional de Etadistica Geografia e Informatica (2001). Estado de Mexico/Guia Turistica Estatal. Mexico: INEGI. ISBN 970-13-3559-7. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  13. ^ INEGI, Instituto Nacional de Etadistica Geografia e Informatica (2001). Estado de Mexico/Guia Turistica Estatal. Mexico: INEGI. ISBN 970-13-3559-7. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)


19°21′15″N 99°37′51″W / 19.35417°N 99.63083°W / 19.35417; -99.63083

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