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- The Southside Ocean Tech. Football Club was established in 2001 as an indoor soccer team. The founding team wore Tecate jerseys and went under the names of Flock of Seagulls and "C" League Champs. Since then the club has branched out into outdoor leagues beginning in the summer of 2006 and continuing into the fall of 2007. Our previous teams are Fighting Amish, The B-Team, White Castle United, Dan Ryan Woods FC (both indoor and summer), Beverly City FC (both indoor and summer), and currently Blue Island Dynamo. |
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{{Infobox Country or territory |
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| native_name = ''Collectivité territoriale de Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon'' |
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| common_name = Saint Pierre and Miquelon |
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| conventional_long_name = Territorial Collectivity of Saint Pierre and Miquelon |
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| image_flag = Flag of Saint-Pierre and Miquelon.svg |
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| flag_caption = Local flag |
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| image_coat = Coat of Arms of Saint-Pierre and Miquelon.svg |
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| national_motto = ''A Mare Labor''{{nbsp|2}}<small>([[Latin]])<br/>"From the Sea, Work"</small> |
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| image_map = LocationSaint-PierreAndMiquelon.png |
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| national_anthem = ''[[La Marseillaise]]'' |
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| official_languages = [[French language|French]] |
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| capital = [[Saint-Pierre, Saint Pierre and Miquelon|Saint-Pierre]] |
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| latd=46 |latm=47 |latNS=N |longd=56 |longm=10 |longEW=W |
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| government_type = [[Dependent territory]] |
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| leader_title1 = [[President of France]] |
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| leader_title2 = [[Politics of Saint Pierre and Miquelon|President of the Territorial Council]] |
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| leader_title3 = [[Prefect (France)|Prefect]] |
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| leader_name1 = [[Nicolas Sarkozy]] |
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| leader_name2 = [[Stéphane Artano]] |
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| leader_name3 = [[Yves Fauqueur]] |
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| largest_city = [[Saint-Pierre, Saint Pierre and Miquelon|Saint-Pierre]] |
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| sovereignty_type = [[Overseas collectivity|Overseas collectivity of France]] |
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| established_event1 = Ceded by the [[United Kingdom|UK]]<sup>†</sup> |
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| established_event2 = [[Overseas territory (France)|Overseas territory]] |
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| established_event3 = [[Overseas department]] |
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| established_event4 = [[Territorial collectivity]] |
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| established_event5 = Overseas collectivity |
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| established_date1 = [[30 May]] [[1814]] |
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| established_date2 = [[27 October]] [[1946]] |
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| established_date3 = [[17 July]] [[1976]] |
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| established_date4 = [[11 June]] [[1985]] |
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| established_date5 = [[28 March]] [[2003]] |
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| area_km2 = 242 |
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| area_sq_mi = 93.4 |
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| area_rank = 208th |
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| area_magnitude = 1 E8 |
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| percent_water = negligible |
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| population_estimate_rank = 223rd |
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| population_census = 6,125 |
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| population_census_year = January 2006 |
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| population_density_km2 = 25 |
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| population_density_sq_mi = 66 |
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| population_density_rank = 176th |
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| GDP_PPP_year = 2003 |
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| GDP_PPP = $48.3 million |
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| GDP_PPP_rank = 226th |
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| GDP_PPP_per_capita = $6,874 |
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| GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = <small>not ranked</small> |
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| currency = [[Euro]] ([[€]]) |
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| currency_code = EUR |
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| time_zone = PMST |
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| utc_offset = -3 |
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| time_zone_DST = PMDT |
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| utc_offset_DST = -2 |
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| cctld = [[.pm]] |
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| calling_code = 508 |
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| ISO_3166-1_alpha2 = PM |
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| ISO_3166-1_alpha3 = SPM |
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| ISO_3166-1_numeric = 666 |
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| footnotes = <sup>†</sup> [[Treaty of Paris (1814)]]. |
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}}The territorial collectivity of '''Saint Pierre and Miquelon''' ([[French language|French]]: ''Collectivité territoriale de Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon'') are a group of small islands — the main ones being Saint Pierre and Miquelon — off the eastern coast of [[Canada]] near [[Newfoundland (island)|Newfoundland]]. |
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{{test7}} |
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The islands are part of [[France]] and the [[European Union]] but due to special immigration procedures, EU nationals who are not French citizens are not allowed to exercise free movement and business establishment in the archipelago [http://www.st-pierre-et-miquelon.com/english/questions.php]. |
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The archipelago is the only remnant of the former colonial territory of [[New France]] that remains under French control. |
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== History == |
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{{main|History of Saint Pierre and Miquelon}} |
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The early settlement of St. Pierre and Miquelon, which were prized by Europeans for their rich fishing grounds, was characterized by periods of conflict between the French and English. |
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There is evidence of prehistoric inhabitation on the islands (most likely [[Beothuk]]). The European settlements on the islands are some of the oldest in the Americas (with the Spanish and Portuguese settlements), dating from at least the early 16th century. At first the [[Basque people|Basque]] fishermen only visited the islands seasonally during the fishing season, and by the mid 17th century there were permanent French residents on the islands. |
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At the end of the 17th and into the early 18th century, British attacks on the islands caused the French settlers to abandon the islands, and the British took possession for 50 years (from 1713 to 1763). The French took the islands back in 1763 under the [[Treaty of Paris (1763)| Treaty of Paris]] (which ceded all of New France to Britain except for Saint Pierre and Miquelon) and settlers returned to live peacefully for 15 years. |
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French support of the [[American Revolution]] led to a British attack on the islands, and the deportation of the French settlers. Possession of Miquelon and St. Pierre passed back and forth between France and Great Britain for the next 38 years, as the islands suffered attacks by both countries, voluntary or forced removal of the island's residents, and upheaval associated with the [[French Revolution]]. |
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France finally took the islands back after [[Napoleon]]'s second abdication in 1815, and there followed 70 years of prosperity for the French fishing industry and residents on Miquelon and St. Pierre. However, political and economic changes led to a slow decline of the fishing industry after the late 19th century. |
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There was a short 13-year economic boom on the island associated with the period of [[Prohibition in the United States|Prohibition]] in the [[United States]], when Miquelon and St. Pierre were prominent bases for alcohol smuggling. This boom ended with the repeal of prohibition in 1933, and the economy sank into depression. |
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During the Second World War, the governor, [[Gilbert de Bournat]], was loyal to the [[Vichy France|Vichy regime]]; he had to negotiate financial arrangements with U.S. authorities to obtain loans guaranteed by the French treasury. At the same time, Canada was considering an invasion of Saint-Pierre and Miquelon. Several pretexts were put forward, notably radio broadcasts of Vichy propaganda. It was alleged that the radio was helping German [[U-Boat]]s on the [[Grand Banks]], though this was never proven. On the advice of his [[Prime Minister of Canada|Prime Minister]], [[William Lyon Mackenzie King]], [[Governor General of Canada|Governor Genereal]] [[Alexander Cambridge, 1st Earl of Athlone]], never authorised the implementation of the plans. |
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Under orders from [[Charles de Gaulle|de Gaulle]], Admiral [[Émile Muselier]] organised the liberation of Saint-Pierre and Miquelon, without the consent and knowledge of the Canadian and U.S. authorities. On [[24 December]], [[1941]], a Free French flotilla led by the submarine cruiser ''[[Surcouf (N N 3)|Surcouf]]'' took control of the islands without resistance. De Gaulle had a referendum organised, which was favourable to him, and Saint-Pierre and Miquelon thus became one of the first French territories to join [[Free France]]. The affair led to a durable distrust between De Gaulle and Roosevelt.<!--has anything happened since 1941?--> |
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== Politics == |
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{{more|Politics of Saint Pierre and Miquelon}} |
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The politics of Saint Pierre and Miquelon take place within a framework of a [[parliamentary system|parliamentary]] [[representative democracy|representative democratic]] French [[overseas collectivity]], whereby the President of the [[Territorial Council of Saint-Pierre and Miquelon|Territorial Council]] is the [[head of government]], and of a pluriform multi-party system. [[Executive power]] is exercised by rkhsldghshhdsance had requested. |
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The boundary dispute had been a flash point for [[Franco-Canadian relations]]. New claims made under [[United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea|UNCLOS]] by France over the continental shelf might cause new tensions between France and Canada. |
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== Administrative divisions == |
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[[Image:Stpierremap.png|right|200px|]] |
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[[Image:Map of Saint Pierre and Miquelon.gif|right|200px|]] |
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Saint-Pierre and Miquelon is administratively divided into two [[Communes of France|communes]] (municipalities). They are: [[Miquelon-Langlade]] and [[Saint-Pierre, Saint-Pierre and Miquelon|Saint-Pierre]]. |
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== Geography and environment == |
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{{main|Geography of Saint Pierre and Miquelon}} |
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The island of [[Saint-Pierre, Saint Pierre and Miquelon|Saint-Pierre]] is surrounded by smaller dependencies which include the island of Grand Colombier, Petit Colombier, [[Île aux Marins]] (formally known as Île aux Chiens), Île aux Pigeons and Île aux Vainqueurs. The total area of the islands is 242 km² (93.4 sq mi). They have a coastline which is 120 [[Kilometre|km]] (75 [[mile]]s) long. |
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The island of Miquelon is roughly 25 km (16 mi) from the main coast of Newfoundland at their closest points. However, there is a small Canadian island with a lighthouse belonging to Newfoundland called [[Green Island (Fortune), Newfoundland|Green Island]] that is halfway between Langlade and Newfoundland at {{coord|46|52|44|N|56|05|21|W|}}, and is about {{Unit km|10|0}} from both Langlade and St. Pierre.<ref name="heritage.nf">{{cite web|url=http://www.heritage.nf.ca/exploration/pierre_miquelon.html|title=St. Pierre et Miquelon|year=2001|first=Olaf Uwe|last=Janzen|publisher=[[Memorial University of Newfoundland]]|accessdate=2007-08-29}}</ref> |
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The island of Miquelon is separated from St. Pierre by a 6 km (4 mi) strait with very fierce currents. Fishermen call this section of ocean "The Mouth of Hell". The waters around these islands are very treacherous, and there have been over 600 shipwrecks along the coasts of the islands. |
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[[Image:Saint-Pierre and Miquelon 3D.png|thumb|left|200px|Simulated view of the islands by NASA]] |
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The island of [[Miquelon]] was formed by the joining of three islands by sand dunes and [[Quaternary]] deposits. These islands are Le Cap, Miquelon (Grande Miquelon), and [[Langlade Island|Langlade (Petite Miquelon)]]. Miquelon and Langlade were separate until a large sandbar joined them in the 18th century.<ref name="heritage.nf"/> Miquelon has a lagoon called Grand Barachois, where seals and other wildlife can be found. |
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The climate is very damp and windy, the winters are harsh and long. The spring and early summer are foggy and cool. Late summer and early fall are sunny. |
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Every spring, whales migrating to Greenland are visible off the coasts of Miquelon and St Pierre. |
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Trilobite fossils have been found on Langlade. There were a number of stone pillars off the island coasts called "L'anse aux Soldats" that have been eroded away and disappeared in the 1970s.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://grandcolombier.com/2003-geographie/geologie/index.html|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20060111105117/http://www.grandcolombier.com/2003-geographie/geologie/index.html|archivedate=2006-01-11|title=La Géologie des îles Saint-Pierre et Miquelon|work=Encyclopédie des îles Saint-Pierre & Miquelon|publisher=Miquelon Conseil|language=[[French language|French]]}}</ref> |
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== Economy == |
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{{main|Economy of Saint Pierre and Miquelon}} |
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The islands were dependent upon the [[cod]] fishery for the best part of the last four centuries. However, [[overfishing]] on the [[Grand Banks]] has led Canada to impose a long-term closure of this industry. Since fishing quotas are governed by Canada, Saint-Pierre and Miquelon and the French fishing fleet (whether based out of the islands or out of mainland France) have been seriously affected. |
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In Saint-Pierre and Miquelon many efforts are being made, with the help of the French government, to diversify the local economy. [[Tourism]], [[fish farming]], [[crab]] fishing and [[agriculture]] are being developed. |
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Between 1890 and 1965, the islanders used the [[Saint Pierre and Miquelon franc]], which was equal to the [[French franc]] until 1945, then to the [[CFA franc]] between 1945 and 1960, and then to the French new franc until 1965, when the French currency was established as the sole circulating currency. Since 2002, the islanders have used the [[euro]]. Until the 1990s, the islanders used French [[postage stamps]], but now the islands issue their own. Domestic French postal rates apply to mail between mainland France and the islands. The French [[postal code]] is 97500. |
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== Demography == |
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{{main|Demographics of Saint Pierre and Miquelon}} |
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[[Image:Miquelon 9.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Landscape of Miquelon]] |
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The population of Saint-Pierre and Miquelon at the 2006 local census was 6,125 inhabitants. 5,509 of these lived in the [[Communes of France|commune]] (municipality) of [[Saint-Pierre, Saint-Pierre and Miquelon|Saint-Pierre]] and the other 616 in the commune of [[Miquelon-Langlade]] (all on Miquelon proper, and none on [[Langlade Island]]). |
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Langlade currently has no year-round residents, since its sole inhabitant, Charles Lafitte,<ref>Charles Lafitte was widely known on the islands as "de Gaulle", and lived as a hermit on Langlade for many years with his dogs.</ref> died in July 2006. Langlade is a summer retreat for many inhabitants of Saint-Pierre, when its population can swell up to 1000. |
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==Island names== |
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Saint-Pierre is [[French language|French]] for [[Saint Peter]], who is the patron saint of fishermen (along with [[St Andrew]], [[St. Anthony of Padua]], [[St. Benno]], [[St Nicholas of Myra]], [[St Zeno of Verona]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.catholic-forum.com/Saints/pst00290.htm|archivedate=2007-02-20|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20070220040300/http://www.catholic-forum.com/Saints/pst00290.htm|title=PATRON SAINT INDEX TOPIC: fishermen, anglers|publisher=Catholic Community Forum}}</ref>). |
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The present name of Miquelon was first noted in the form of 'Micquelle' in the [[Basque people|Basque]] sailor [[Martin de Hoyarçabal]]'s navigational pilot for Newfoundland<ref>Hoyarçabal, Martin de: ''[[Les voyages aventureux du Capitaine Martin de Hoyarsal, habitant du çubiburu]]'' (Bordeaux, France, 1579)</ref>. It has been claimed that the name 'Miquelon' is a [[Basque language|Basque]] form of Michael<ref>[http://www.buber.net/Basque/Features/GuestColumns/mc060430.php ''The Basques of Saint Pierre and Miquelon''], Buber's Basque Page dated April 30, 2006 (accessed 27 September 2007).</ref><ref name=tourism>[http://www.st-pierre-et-miquelon.com/english/quefaire.php Saint-Pierre & Miquelon] Tourism Agencies in Saint Pierre et Miquelon, Miquelon Consulting, 2006 (accessed 27 September 2007)</ref>, but it appears that this is not a usual form in that language. Many Basques speak [[Spanish language|Spanish]], and Miquelon may have been influenced by the Spanish name Miguelón, a form of [[Miguel]] meaning 'big Michael'.{{Fact|date=September 2007}} |
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The adjoining island's name of 'Langlade' is a corruption of 'l'île à l'Anglais' (Englishman's Island)<ref name=tourism/>. |
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== Culture == |
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[[French language|French]] is the official language of the islands. The local accent and many of the words used are similar to the [[Norman language]]. |
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French patriotism is strong on the islands,{{Fact|date=February 2007}} and the islanders are proud{{Fact|date=February 2007}} that some of the soil on the island is French, having been brought over in the ballasts of ships. |
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[[Basque people|Basque]] pride might be just as strong, given the strong historical ties of the islands to the Basque region of France and Spain. Every year in the summer there is a Basque Festival, with demonstrations of ''harrijasotzaile'' (stone heaving), ''haitzkolari'' (lumberjack skills), and ''[[pelota|paleta]]'' (a game somewhat like [[Jai alai|Jaï-Alaï]]). |
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Hockey is very popular in Saint Pierre and Miquelon. Several players from the islands have played on French teams and even participated on the French National hockey team in the Olympics. |
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Street names are not commonly used on the islands. Directions and locations are commonly given using nicknames and the names of nearby residents. |
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The only time the [[guillotine]] was ever used in North America was in Saint-Pierre in the late [[19th century]]. Joseph Néel was convicted of killing Mr. Coupard on ''Île aux chiens'' on [[December 30]], [[1888]], and executed by guillotine on [[August 24]], [[1889]]. The guillotine had to be shipped from [[Martinique]] and it did not arrive in working order. It was very difficult to get anyone to perform the execution; finally a recent immigrant was coaxed into doing the job. This event was the inspiration for the film ''The Widow of Saint-Pierre'' ([[La Veuve de Saint-Pierre (2000 film)|''La Veuve de Saint-Pierre'']]) released in 2000. The guillotine is now in a museum in Saint-Pierre. |
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== Military == |
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{{see|Military of France}} |
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France is responsible for the defence of the islands. |
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== Transportation == |
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Saint Pierre and Miquelon has no [[railway]] and 114 km (70.8 miles) of [[highway]]s (plus 45 km (28 miles) of unpaved roads). Its only major [[harbour]] is [[Saint-Pierre, Saint-Pierre and Miquelon|Saint-Pierre]]. The dependency has no [[merchant marine]] and two [[airport]]s; the runway at [[Saint-Pierre Airport]] is 1800m long, and at [[Miquelon Airport]], 1000m. |
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A regular ferry service is available between Saint-Pierre and the town of [[Fortune, Newfoundland]]. |
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Air transport is provided by [[Air Saint-Pierre]] which connects Saint-Pierre with Miquelon and several Canadian cities. |
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Saint Pierre and Miquelon is the only jurisdiction in North America not to have adopted for its [[vehicle registration plate]]s the standard of six inches in height by twelve inches in width and instead uses [[French vehicle registration plates|French-style plates]]. |
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== Time zone == |
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Saint Pierre and Miquelon is in its own time zone with respect to the rest of [[North America]], '''[[UTC-3]]''', which means three hours behind [[Greenwich Mean Time]]. This also translates to two hours ahead of New York ([[Eastern Time Zone (North America)|Eastern Time Zone]]), one hour ahead of Halifax ([[Atlantic Time Zone]]), and thirty minutes ahead of St. John's ([[Newfoundland Standard Time Zone]]). This is the same time zone as [[Greenland]], most of [[Brazil]], and [[French Guiana]]. |
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However, most road atlases (those from North America in particular) erroneously place Saint Pierre and Miquelon in the [[Atlantic Time Zone]] ([[UTC-4]]). |
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== Notables == |
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* [[Denis Kang]], martial arts fighter. |
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* [[Henry Hughes Hough]], [[Rear Admiral]] in the [[United States Navy]] and [[Governor of the United States Virgin Islands]]. |
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* [[Albert Calmette|Léon Charles Albert Calmette]] collaborated with veterinarian [[Camille Guérin]] to produce the [[Bacillus Calmette-Guérin|BCG]] vaccine against [[tuberculosis]]. As a member of the French Naval Medical Corps, he was assigned to the islands after being stationed in [[Hong Kong]] and arrived in 1887. |
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== See also == |
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* [[Communications in Saint Pierre and Miquelon]] |
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* [[Franco-Canadian relations]] |
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* [[French overseas departments and territories]] |
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* [[Administrative divisions of France]] |
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== Notes and references == |
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<div class="references-small"><references/></div> |
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== External links == |
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{{commons|Saint Pierre and Miquelon}} |
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; Community, culture and history |
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* [http://www.mairie-stpierre.fr Municipal Government of St-Pierre] {{fr icon}} |
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* [http://www.grandcolombier.com/english/history.html History of Saint-Pierre and Miquelon] |
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* [http://www.grandcolombier.com/2003-english/index.html St Pierre & Miquelon Online Community] |
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* [http://www.grandcolombier.com/2003-histoire/1942/english.html The liberation of St Pierre & Miquelon December 24th 1941 by the Free French Naval Forces ] |
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* [https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/sb.html CIA World Factbook entry for Saint-Pierre and Miquelon] |
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* [http://www.atlantic-cable.com/Article/FrenchCableStation/ History of French submarine telegraph cables] |
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* [http://www.heritage.nf.ca/exploration/pierre_miquelon.html Miquelon and St. Pierre history site produced by Newfoundland's Memorial University] |
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; Tourism |
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* [http://www2.st-pierre-et-miquelon.info Tourist Office Official web site st-pierre-et-miquelon.info] |
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* [http://www.st-pierre-et-miquelon.com/english/index.php Tourism and Travel Resources for St Pierre & Miquelon] |
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* [http://www.st-pierre-et-miquelon.com/english/questions.php Frequently Asked Questions Tourism and Travel] |
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* [http://www.st-pierre-et-miquelon.com/english/cartes.php Maps of Towns in Saint-Pierre & Miquelon] |
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* {{wikitravel|Saint-Pierre and Miquelon}} |
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; Territorial issues |
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* [http://www.st-pierre-et-miquelon.org/ Saint-Pierre & Miquelon Continental Plate - "Defend Saint-Pierre & Miquelon"] |
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{{coor title dm|46|47|N|56|12|W|}} |
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{{French overseas departments and territories}} |
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{{Countries and territories of Northern America}} |
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{{Countries of North America}} |
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{{Outlying territories of European countries}} |
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{{La Francophonie}} |
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[[Category:Saint Pierre and Miquelon| ]] |
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[[Category:Special territories of the European Union]] |
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[[Category:Amalgamated placenames]] |
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[[Category:Pinnipeds]] |
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[[subcategory:Arctic Pinnipeds]] |
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[[Category:Mammals of Asia]] |
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[[Category:Mammals of Europe]] |
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[[Category:Mammals of North America]] |
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[[af:Saint-Pierre et Miquelon]] |
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[[ar:سان بيار وميكلون]] |
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[[an:San Pietro e Miquelón]] |
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[[zh-min-nan:Sèng Pierre kap Miquelon]] |
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[[bg:Сен Пиер и Микелон]] |
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[[ca:Saint-Pierre i Miquelon]] |
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[[da:Saint-Pierre og Miquelon]] |
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[[et:Saint-Pierre ja Miquelon]] |
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[[el:Σαιν Πιέρ ε Μικελόν]] |
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[[es:San Pedro y Miquelón]] |
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[[eo:Sankta-Piero kaj Mikelono]] |
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[[eu:Saint-Pierre eta Mikelune]] |
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[[gl:San Pedro e Miguelón - Saint Pierre et Miquelon]] |
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[[ko:생피에르 미클롱]] |
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[[hi:साँ-प्येर और मीकेलों]] |
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[[hr:Sveti Petar i Mikelon]] |
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[[bpy:সেন্ট পিয়েরে বারো মিকুয়েলোন]] |
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[[id:Saint-Pierre dan Miquelon]] |
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[[he:סן פייר ומיקלון]] |
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[[kw:Sen Peder ha Miquelon]] |
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[[sw:Saint-Pierre na Miquelon]] |
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[[lij:San Pè e Miquelon]] |
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[[lt:Sen Pjeras ir Mikelonas]] |
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[[ja:サンピエール島・ミクロン島]] |
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[[no:Saint-Pierre og Miquelon]] |
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[[nov:Sankte Pier e Mikelon]] |
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[[pl:Saint-Pierre i Miquelon]] |
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[[ro:Saint Pierre şi Miquelon]] |
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[[ru:Сен-Пьер и Микелон]] |
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[[simple:Saint-Pierre and Miquelon]] |
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[[sk:Saint Pierre a Miquelon]] |
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[[sr:Свети Пјер и Микелон]] |
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[[sh:Saint-Pierre i Miquelon]] |
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[[fi:Saint-Pierre ja Miquelon]] |
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[[sv:Saint-Pierre och Miquelon]] |
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[[tr:Saint Pierre ve Miquelon]] |
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[[uk:Сен-П'єр і Мікелон]] |
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[[wo:Saint Pierre ak Miquelon]] |
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[[zh:圣皮埃尔和密克隆群岛]] |
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Revision as of 22:09, 8 October 2007
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