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{{Infobox Astronaut
{{SW Character|
| name = Buzz Aldrin
image= [[Image:Jjportrait.jpg|200px]] |
| image = Aldrin.jpg
color=Republic|
| type = Astronaut
bgcolor=#00b|
| status = Retired
fgcolor=#eee|
| nationality = [[United States|American]]
name=Jar Jar Binks|
| date_birth = {{birth date and age|1930|01|20}}
position=General in the Gungan Grand Army, Representative of the Gungan race, Senator of Chommell Sector (substituting for [[Padmé Amidala]])|
| place_birth = {{flagicon|New Jersey}}[[Glen Ridge, New Jersey|Glen Ridge]], [[New Jersey]], [[United States|U.S.]]
species=[[List of Star Wars races (F-J)#Gungan|Gungan]]|
| occupation = [[Fighter pilot]]
gender=[[Male]]|
| rank = [[Colonel (United States)|Colonel]], [[USAF]]
height= 1.96 meters (6 ft 5.25 in)|
| selection = [[List of astronauts by selection#1963|1963 NASA Group]]
hair=None|
| time = 12 days, 1 hour and 52 minutes
eyes= Orange|
| mission = [[Gemini 12]], [[Apollo 11]]
planet=[[Naboo]]|
| insignia = <center>[[Image:Gemini 12 insignia.png|40px]] [[Image:Apollo 11 insignia.png|40px]]</center>
weapon= [[Gungan booma]]|
|}}
vehicle= [[Kaadu]]|
[[Colonel (United States)|Colonel]] '''Buzz Aldrin''', [[Doctor of Science|Sc.D]] (born [[January 20]], [[1930]] as '''Edwin Eugene Aldrin, Jr.''') is an [[United States|American]] pilot and [[astronaut]] who was the [[Lunar Module]] Pilot on ''[[Apollo 11]]'', the first lunar landing. He became [[List of Apollo astronauts#People who have walked on the Moon|the second person to have set foot on the]] [[Moon]] (after Mission Commander [[Neil Armstrong]]).
affiliation=[[List of Star Wars races (F-J)#Gungan|Gungan Grand Army]], [[Galactic Republic]], [[Galactic Senate]], Delegation of 2000 |
portrayer=[[Ahmed Best]] (voice, motion reference, some body close-ups)|
}}
'''Jar Jar Binks''' (born c. 50 [[BBY]]) is a [[fictional character]] from the Star Wars Prequels, ''[[Star Wars Episode I: The Phantom Menace|The Phantom Menace]]'', ''[[Star Wars Episode II: Attack of the Clones|Attack of the Clones]]'' and ''[[Star Wars Episode III: Revenge of the Sith|Revenge of the Sith]]''. Named by [[George Lucas]]' son<ref>[http://imdb.com/title/tt0120915/trivia Trivia for Star Wars: Episode I - The Phantom Menace]</ref>, his primary role was intended to provide [[comic relief]] — based on his gangly way of walking and his unique accent — but he ended up being an important supporting character. Jar Jar was voiced by [[Ahmed Best]]. He is almost completely [[Computer generated imagery|computer-generated]]. Although he was played on set by a costumed Best, Best was usually edited out and replaced by the animated character, except in some close-up shots where his face is not visible.


==Biography==
The creation and modeling of Jar Jar Binks marked the first time that such a highly detailed, photo-realistic CGI character had interacted with live actors in a motion picture. Director [[George Lucas]] and his effects team were quick to hail this as a major technical breakthrough, but the controversy surrounding the character has to some extent overshadowed his importance to the development of movie [[special effects]].
===Early life===
Aldrin was born into a military family in [[Glen Ridge, New Jersey]],<ref>{{cite book | last = Hansen | first = James R. | title = First Man: The Life of Neil A. Armstrong | publisher = Simon & Schuster | date = 2005 | pages = 348}}"Buzz Aldrin's birthplace has frequently been given to be Montclair, New Jersey. In fact, he was born on the Glen Ridge wing of a hospital whose central body rested in Montclair. His birth certificate lists Glen Ridge as his birthplace."</ref> where he became a Tenderfoot in the [[Boy Scouts of America]].<ref name="astro-bsa">{{cite web | last = | first = | authorlink = | coauthors = | year = | url =http://www.scouting.org/factsheets/02-558.html | title =Astronauts and the BSA | format = | work =Fact sheet | publisher =Boy Scouts of America | accessdate =2006-03-20}}</ref> He attended [[Montclair High School (New Jersey)|Montclair High School]] in [[Montclair, New Jersey]], and graduated from the [[United States Military Academy|U.S. Military Academy]] at [[West Point, New York|West Point]]. The nickname "Buzz" originated in childhood: his sister mispronounced "brother" as "buzzer" as a toddler, and this was shortened to Buzz. He made it his legal first name in 1988.<ref>http://www.buzzaldrin.com/about/faq/</ref> <ref>http://encarta.msn.com/media_461577285/Buzz_Aldrin_Quick_Facts.html</ref>


===Military career===
From the time of his inception, the character was widely rejected and often ridiculed by sections of the Star Wars series' fanbase, who felt that Jar Jar was included in the film solely to appeal to children. That Jar Jar's role in the subsequent Star Wars prequels was greatly reduced has been acknowledged as a consequence of this reception.{{Fact|date=June 2007}}
[[Image:Buzz Aldrin black and white dress uniform photo portrait.jpg|thumb|left|Buzz Aldrin in dress uniform]]
He graduated third in his class in 1951 with a [[bachelor of science]] degree. Aldrin was [[Commissioned officer|commissioned]] as a [[Second Lieutenant]] and served as a jet fighter pilot in the [[United States Air Force|U.S. Air Force]] during the [[Korean War]], where he flew 66 combat missions in [[F-86 Sabre]]s and shot down two [[Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-15]] aircraft. After leaving [[Korea]], Aldrin was an [[Gunner|aerial gunnery]] instructor at [[Nellis Air Force Base]] in southern [[Nevada]], and later an aide to the dean of faculty at the [[United States Air Force Academy|U.S. Air Force Academy]]. After leaving this assignment, Aldrin flew [[F-100 Super Sabre]]s as a flight commander at [[Bitburg]], [[Germany]] in the 22nd Fighter Squadron.
Aldrin earned his [[Doctor of Science|doctorate of science]] in [[Astronautics]] from [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]] in [[Cambridge, Massachusetts]]. His [[Thesis|graduate thesis]] was ''[https://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/1721.1/12652/1/28555330.pdf Line-of-sight guidance techniques for manned orbital rendezvous]''. After leaving MIT, he returned to the Air Force and was assigned to the [[Gemini Target Office]] of the [[Air Force Space Systems Division]] in [[Los Angeles, California|Los Angeles]], and later to [[Edwards Air Force Base]] at the U.S. Air Force Test Pilot School. In March 1972, Aldrin retired from active duty after 21 years of service.


===Time as an astronaut===
Jar Jar Binks is a 1.96&nbsp;[[metre|m]] (6&nbsp;[[Foot (unit of length)|ft]] 5.25&nbsp;[[inch|in]]) tall [[List of Star Wars races (F-J)#Gungan|Gungan]], with long ears and eyes mounted on stalks, and he resembles an [[anthropomorph]]ized [[platypus]] crossed with an [[amphibia]]n or a [[hadrosaurus]].
[[Image:Aldrin Apollo 11.jpg|thumb|175px|Buzz walks on the surface of the Moon during ''Apollo 11''.]]
Aldrin was selected as part of the [[Astronaut_Group_3|third group]] of NASA astronauts in October 1963. After the deaths of the original ''Gemini 9'' prime crew, [[Elliott See]] and [[Charles Bassett]], Aldrin was promoted to back-up crew for the mission. The main objective of the revised mission (''[[Gemini 9A]]'') was to rendezvous and dock with a target vehicle but when this failed Aldrin improvised an effective exercise for the craft to rendezvous with a co-ordinate in space. He was confirmed as pilot on ''[[Gemini 12]]'', the last Gemini mission and the last chance to prove methods for [[Extra-vehicular activity|EVA]]. He utilized revolutionary techniques during training for that mission, including neutrally-buoyant underwater training. Such techniques are still used today. Aldrin set a record for extra-vehicular activity and proved that astronauts could work outside the spacecraft. It was because of this that [[Deke Slayton]] credited Aldrin with 'saving the space program'.


In 2005, while being interviewed for a documentary entitled "First on the Moon: The Untold Story", Aldrin relayed to an interviewer that he and the crew of the Apollo 11 witnessed an unidentified flying object ([[UFO]]). He claimed that, out of fear of being forced to turn back should someone on the ground fear the possible presence of aliens, they informed Mission Control via a request for the current position of the [[S-IVB]]. David Morrison, a NAI Senior Scientist, claims to have had a conversation with Aldrin in which he explained that the documentary cut out the interview portions in which Aldrin told interviewers that the Apollo 11 crew ultimately concluded that they were probably seeing a detached panel from the spacecraft.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nai.arc.nasa.gov/astrobio/astrobio_detail.cfm?ID=1568|title=NASA Ask an Astrobiologist}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/news/tm_objectid=17435592&method=full&siteid=66633&headline=man-on-moon--we-saw-a-ufo--name_page.html |title=Daily Record Article}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ufoevidence.org/cases/case592.htm |title=Site containing a transcript of the UFO segment of the Untold Story documentary}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://science.discovery.com/tvlistings/episode.jsp?episode=0&cpi=115678&gid=0&channel=SCI |title=A link to The Science Channel scheduling info for cited documentary containing Aldrin's UFO comments}}</ref> When Aldrin appeared on ''[[The Howard Stern Show]]'' on August 15, 2007, [[Howard Stern]] asked him about the supposed UFO sighting. Aldrin confirmed that there was no such sighting of anything deemed extraterrestrial, and said they were and are "99.9 percent" sure that the object was the detached panel. He also revealed to Stern that he underwent plastic surgery.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.marksfriggin.com/news.htm#wed|title=Astronaut Buzz Aldrin Calls In. 08/15/07. 7:30am}}</ref>
==Story==
===Episode I===
Banished from his childhood home for his "clumsiness", the naïve Jar Jar is first encountered while living in the swamps of [[Naboo]]. In the events of ''[[Star Wars Episode I: The Phantom Menace]]'', [[Jedi]] [[Qui-Gon Jinn]] and his [[Padawan]] [[Obi-Wan Kenobi]] arrive on Naboo, ending up in the swamps rather than the intended destination of the capital, [[Theed]].


[[Image:Apollo 11 bootprint.jpg|thumb|175px|Buzz's lunar footprint, taken by himself, whilst on [[Extra-vehicular activity|EVA]] July 20, 1969.]]
[[Qui-Gon Jinn]] saves Jar Jar's life as the [[Trade Federation]]'s droid army advance on Theed. Afterward, Jar Jar explains that, thanks to the principle of a "Gungan [[Life debt|Life Debt]]", he is obligated to stay by Qui-Gon's side until he dies. Jar Jar is later arrested by troops loyal to [[Boss Nass]] when Qui-Gon and Obi-Wan visit Otoh Gunga, and Qui-Gon uses the excuse of this 'Life Debt' to free Jar Jar from Nass' custody.
Aldrin has had a much more public persona than [[Neil Armstrong]], and much has been said about his desire at the time to be the first astronaut out of the Lunar Module, and therefore the first to walk on the moon. The matter was dramatized in the miniseries ''[[From the Earth to the Moon (HBO)|From the Earth to the Moon]]'', based on [[Andrew Chaikin]]'s book ''[[A Man on the Moon]]''.


Aldrin is a [[Presbyterian Church USA|Presbyterian]], and is known for having made statements about God — including receiving [[Communion]] on the surface of the moon. After landing on the moon, Aldrin radioed earth with these words: "I'd like to take this opportunity to ask every person listening in, whoever and wherever they may be, to pause for a moment and contemplate the events of the past few hours, and to give thanks in his or her own way." Aldrin kept his Communion a secret because of the lawsuit regarding the reading of ''[[Genesis]]'' on [[Apollo 8]].<ref>Chaikin, Andrew. ''A Man On The Moon''.</ref> Aldrin, a church elder, used a pastor's home Communion kit given to him by [[Dean Woodruff]] and recited words used by his pastor at Webster Presbyterian Church. He celebrated Communion alone, without his colleague Armstrong participating.<ref>("First on the Moon — A Voyage with Neil Armstrong, Michael Collins, Edwin E. Aldrin Jr", written with Gene Farmer and Dora Jane Hamblin, epilogue by Arthur C. Clarke, Michael Joseph Ltd, London (1970), page 251).</ref><ref>{{cite news|url = http://blog.wired.com/tableofmalcontents/2007/01/sundance_2007_b_1.html|publisher = Wired|title = Sundance 2007: Buzz Aldrin Speaks|date = [[2007-01-24]]|last = Hillner|first = Jennifer|accessdate = 2007-05-07|work = Table of Malcontents - Wired Blogs}}</ref>
Jar Jar travels with Qui-Gon's party to [[Tatooine]] and later [[Coruscant]]. It is on the latter planet that he informs [[Padmé Amidala]] that the Gungans have a 'Grand Army' (a term significant later in the ''Star Wars'' series - see [[Army of the Republic|Grand Army of the Republic]]), a contributory factor in her decision to return to Naboo and contest the Trade Federation's invasion militarily. After Qui-Gon and his party's return to Naboo, Jar Jar is instrumental in Padmé's brokering a deal with the Gungans for a joint attack on the Trade Federation's occupation forces, leading her and her allies to the Gungans' underwater hiding place. Throughout this ordeal, he befriends [[Anakin Skywalker]], a nine-year-old [[slave]] whom Qui-Gon believes to be the "Chosen One" destined to bring balance to [[Force (Star Wars)|the Force]].


{{video|filename=A11v 1094228.ogg|title=Buzz Aldrin steps onto the Moon|description=Video from the ''[[Apollo 11]]'' mission|format=[[Ogg]]}}
Jar Jar took part in the [[Battle of Naboo]], playing a key role after being given the rank of Bombad General in the Gungan Grand Army by Boss Nass, with whom he was now reconciled.


===Retirement===
Jar Jar provides instances of comic relief throughout the movie, including a number of comical battle scenes. For instance, Jar Jar inadvertently sends a cascading wave of Boomas into a group of [[battle droids]] which destroys a large number of Trade Federation troops. This is a direct homage to [[Buster Keaton]]'s [[silent film]] ''[[Seven Chances]]'', in which Buster is chased down a mountainside by hundreds of prop boulders while trying to elude an army of women eager to marry him for an inheritance. Jar Jar's catchphrase of "How rude!", is a direct lift from [[C-3PO]]'s line in ''[[Star Wars Episode V: The Empire Strikes Back]]''.
After leaving active duty as an astronaut Aldrin returned to the Air Force in a managerial role but his career was blighted by personal problems. His autobiography ''Return to Earth'' provides an account of his struggles with [[depression (mood)|depression]] and [[alcoholism]] in the years following his [[NASA]] career. His life improved considerably with his marriage to Lois Aldrin. Since retiring from [[NASA]], he has continued to promote space exploration, including producing a unique computer strategy game called "[[Buzz Aldrin's Race into Space]]" (1992). He played the role of Reverend Woodruff in the 1996 TV movie ''[[Apollo 11 (film)|Apollo 11]]''.


[[Image:Aldrin near Module leg.jpg|thumb|left|Aldrin near module leg]]
===Episode II===
Aldrin also teamed up with [[science fiction]] author [[John Barnes (author)|John Barnes]] to write ''[[Encounter With Tiber]]'' and ''[[The Return (2000 novel)|The Return]]''.
In ''[[Star Wars Episode II: Attack of the Clones]]'', Jar Jar has much less screen time but plays a pivotal, although substantially different, role in the narrative. He is portrayed as an idealistic politician who represents the people of the planet of Naboo in the [[Galactic Senate]]. Addressed as "Representative Binks," he is a member of The Loyalist Committee, referred to early in the film and is later deputized by Padmé Amidala in the Galactic Senate. He is manipulated by Supreme Chancellor [[Palpatine]] and his allies into proposing a bill that would give Palpatine [[emergency powers|emergency executive powers]] on the ostensible grounds that this is what Padmé Amidala would have done had she been present during the debates. Jar Jar's decision sets the [[Clone Wars (Star Wars)|Clone Wars]], and ultimately the creation of the [[Galactic Empire (Star Wars)|Galactic Empire]] (in ''[[Star Wars Episode III: Revenge of the Sith]]''), in motion. These powers enable Palpatine to order the creation of the [[Army of the Republic|Grand Army of the Republic]] and implicitly, but obviously, mark the beginning of Palpatine's gathering of authority towards his own office and person. In terms of ''Star Wars''' political content, this thread can be seen as demonstrating how innocent people can be manipulated into playing a role in matters with which they do not agree by the machinations and vices of evil forces.


In 2001, [[George W. Bush|President Bush]] appointed Aldrin to the [[Commission on the Future of the United States Aerospace Industry]].<ref>[http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2001/08/20010822-6.html Personnel Announcements] - August 22, 2001 White House Press Release naming the Presidential Appointees for the commission.</ref><ref>[http://www.buzzaldrin.com/space/reports/] - This sources states he was appointed in 2002, although according to the August 22, 2001 Press Release, it was 2001</ref>
===Episode III===
In ''[[Star Wars Episode III: Revenge of the Sith]],'' Jar Jar has only a [[cameo appearance|cameo]]. He reportedly had a total of fifteen words in two lines in the script, and thirteen of these were cut out. In ''Revenge of the Sith'', Jar Jar is only seen three times (most noticeably walking solemnly in Padmé Amidala's funeral procession at the end of the film, along with Boss Nass). He has no speaking part at all except in one scene (near the beginning of the film, after Anakin and Obi-Wan land with Palpatine, and as the senators file behind him, Jar Jar gets in the way of the obese Senator [[Orn Free Taa]] and says a brief "Excuse me"). Deleted scenes from the movie, available on the DVD, portray him as a member of the Delegation of 2000, a Senatorial committee dedicated to democracy — indicating he has learned from his mistake in ''Star Wars Episode II: Attack of the Clones'' and is attempting, albeit unsuccessfully, to rectify it.


A [[Aldrin crater|small crater]] on the [[Moon]] near the ''[[Apollo 11]]'' landing site is named in his honor.
==Fate==
Rumors as to a depiction of his ultimate fate (or rather, lack thereof) proliferated when the 2004 DVD version of ''[[Star Wars Episode VI: Return of the Jedi]]'' was released, featuring a newly added shot of Naboo in the celebration montage featuring a distant Gungan standing atop a pillar who shouts "Wesa free!" exactly 2 hours, 5 minutes, 49 seconds into the movie. The official ''Star Wars'' website's character databank file on Jar Jar, however, does not list ''Return of the Jedi'' as one of his appearances, while Gungans ''are'' listed, suggesting that a conscious distinction may have been made.


In 2003, he received The Humanitarian Award from [[Variety, the Children's Charity]]. Variety is a non-profit organization that works to improve the lives of disabled and disadvantaged children worldwide. According to the organization, the award "is given to an individual who has shown unusual understanding, empathy, and devotion to mankind." <ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.varietychildrenscharity.org/about_variety/humanitarian_awards.php|title = Variety International Humanitarian Awards|publisher = [[Variety, the Children's Charity]]|accessdate =2007-05-07}}</ref>
This topic of disagreement, however, within fandom has been largely put to rest recently as George Lucas has personally stated that the Gungan in question is ''not'' Jar Jar. He has also debunked the rumor that Jar Jar perished on [[Alderaan]] when it was destroyed by the [[Death Star]] in ''[[Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope]]''. The most recent claim is that Jar Jar returned to Coruscant and served in the Imperial Senate and eventually settled down with a family, presumably dying of old age. According to [[Lucasfilm]]'s official system, this is regarded as [[Star Wars canon#The Holocron|G-canon]].


He voiced himself in [[Deep Space Homer|"Deep Space Homer"]], an episode of ''[[The Simpsons]]'' in which he flies into space with [[Homer Simpson]] and fictional astronaut Race Banyon. He also appeared<!--, somewhat to his surprise,--> in an interview with [[Ali G]] in the [[United Kingdom|British]] comedy series ''Ali G in da USA'', during which Ali G referred to him as [[Buzz Lightyear]] and asked him if he thought man would ever walk on the sun.
Another possible fate can be found in [[Star Wars Battlefront II]]. At the start of the Rise of the Empire campaign mission on Naboo, the retired clone trooper states that several of Naboo's ambassadors were sent home in various states of dismemberment. Since Jar Jar was a senator of Naboo, it is possible that Jar Jar was one of the ambassadors who were dismembered.


In an episode of ''[[NUMB3RS]]'' entitled "Killer Chat", Buzz is seen at the end escorting Larry from the FBI headquarters on his way to his launch to the International Space Station.
==Controversy==
{{NPOV}}
Upon the release of ''The Phantom Menace'', Jar Jar Binks became the subject of a great deal of media and popular attention, though not in the way his creators intended. Binks became symbolic of what many thought were the inherent creative and critical flaws of the film. The character was widely rejected and often ridiculed by sections of the series' hardcore fanbase, who felt that Jar Jar was clearly included in the film solely to appeal to children. In part, his character clashed with the expectations of some fans, who perceived the earlier films in the series as having a more adult tone. One fan, [[Mike J. Nichols]], even released a modified version of the movie, entitled ''[[The Phantom Edit]]'', which cut out most scenes featuring Jar Jar Binks.<ref>[http://movies.zap2it.com/movies/news/story/0,1259,---6903,00.html Zap2it.com - 'Phantom Edit' deletes Jar Jar Binks]</ref> Another group of fans created "The Phantom Re-Edit" which takes footage of Jar Jar Binks and turn the character into what they felt was a likable and enjoyable character. This was accomplished by cutting out scenes that they felt served only as comic relief and re-editing scenes with Jar Jar's dialogue being removed and replaced with subtitles.{{Fact|date=February 2007}}


Buzz Aldrin voiced himself in an episode of [[Disney's Recess]].
Some also object to any portrayal of excessive cuteness in the ''Star Wars'' series (a criticism first levelled with the introduction of [[Ewoks]]). Lucas has himself stated that he feels there is a section of the fanbase who get upset with aspects of ''Star Wars'' because "The movies are for children but they don't want to admit that... There is a small group of fans that do not like comic sidekicks. They want the films to be tough like ''[[The Terminator]]'', and they get very upset and opinionated about anything that has anything to do with being childlike."<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/394542.stm|title=Star Wars: Lucas strikes back|work=[[BBC News]]|date=[[14 July]] [[1999]]|accessdate=2007-02-07}}</ref>


He currently serves on the [[National Space Society]]'s [http://www.nss.org] Board of Governors, and has served as the organization's Chairman. He is currently a member of [[Planetary Society|The Planetary Society]], with Aldrin's pre-recorded voice appearing on nearly every episode of the Society's ''[[Planetary Radio]]''.
Additionally, [[Rob Coleman]], who was the lead on the Industrial Light & Magic animation team, warned Lucas that there was concern among the team that the character of Jar Jar was coming across poorly for the team and how the character was to be projected. Lucas told him that he especially put Jar Jar in the film to appeal to small children. After that, the issue was dropped.<ref>[http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0171197/news Even Some At Lucasfilm Hated Jar Jar], ''[[IMDB]] Studio briefing'', [[1999-06-21]], Retrieved on [[2007-03-13]].</ref>


In 2005, through small publisher [[Flatsigned press|Flatsigned Press]], Aldrin released two leather bound signed limited editions, ''Men From Earth'' and ''Encounter With Tiber''.
===Allegations of racism & bigotry===
Some of the most serious charges against Jar Jar (and consequently against Lucas, his creator) suggest that he is a modern incarnation of [[racism|racist]] [[stereotypes]] used as comic relief in many motion pictures of the first half of the [[20th century]]. Many aspects of Jar Jar's character are believed to be highly reminiscent of the archetypes portrayed in [[blackface]] [[Minstrel show|minstrelsy]],<ref name="Williams">Patricia J. Williams: {{cite web
| title= Racial Ventriloquism
| publisher=The Nation
| url=http://www.thenation.com/doc/19990705/williams
| accessdate=June 11
| accessyear=2006
| date=June 17, 1999
}}
</ref> a theater form prevalent in the United States during the 19th and early 20th centuries. Jar Jar's bodily expressions and tendency to get into trouble have also been said to remind many of [[Stepin Fetchit]] and other similar stereotypical characters that persisted after the general demise of blackface. It's been suggested that Jar Jar's physical appearance can be seen as a caricature of a black man, most notably his lips.


He plays himself in the 3-D animated film ''[[Fly Me to the Moon (film)|Fly Me to the Moon]]'', due to be released in theaters in 2007.
Jar Jar's [[dialect]] has been argued to sound stereotypically like [[Jamaican English]], however the scale of the resemblance is disputed. Lucas spoke about these issues on British television in 1999. Interviewed by [[Kirsty Wark]] on the BBC's political review programme ''[[Newsnight]]'' on [[July 14]] of that year, he countered that criticisms of Jar Jar's mode of speaking were "...made by people who've obviously never met a Jamaican, because it's definitely not Jamaican and if you were to say those lines in Jamaican they wouldn't be anything like the way Jar Jar Binks says them."


==Confrontation with Bart Sibrel==
It can be argued that any resemblance comes from a confluence of Best's own voice and the "broken" English the character speaks. In support of this, it can be pointed out that the other Gungans featured in the movie speak in the same manner, and use the same disputed phrases, but their accents (such as that of English actor [[Brian Blessed]]) do not create the same accidental semiotic link in some audience members' minds. Also, in his ''Newsnight'' interview, Lucas seemed astonished by this area of controversy and commented, "How in the world you could take an orange amphibian and say that he's a Jamaican? It's completely absurd. Believe me, Jar Jar was not drawn from a Jamaican, from any stretch of the imagination."
On [[September 9]] [[2002]], filmmaker [[Bart Sibrel]], a proponent of the conspiracy theory that the six [[Project Apollo|Apollo lunar missions]] were [[Apollo Moon Landing hoax accusations|elaborate hoaxes]], confronted Aldrin outside a [[Beverly Hills, California|Beverly Hills]], [[California]] hotel, demanding that Aldrin either swear an oath on the [[Bible]] that he had walked on the Moon or admit that it was all a hoax. After Aldrin and an unnamed female relative who was accompanying him tried to leave, Sibrel put the Bible in front of him and [[Fighting words|called Aldrin "a coward, a liar, and a thief"]]. Aldrin punched Sibrel in the face. <ref name="aldrin-punch">{{cite web |url= http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mQKxAqpjroo |title=Buzz Aldrin punches guy in the face |format=video |publisher= [[You Tube]] |accessdate =2006-05-06}}</ref> Beverly Hills police and the city's prosecutor declined to file charges. Sibrel suffered no permanent injuries.


==Aldrin in the movies==
Along a similar lines, some critics felt that Jar Jar was also stereotypically [[homosexual]] [http://www.villagevoice.com/news/9923,goldstein,6325,1.html]. Satire and criticism about Jar Jar have often suggested that he is gay, [http://www.spikedhumor.com/article.aspx?id=39092] either to accuse the film of being [[homophobic]], to accuse the filmakers of promoting a "[[gay agenda]]" [http://members.yline.com/~andreas-zottl/filme/starwars/jar-jar-binks.htm] or to malign the Star Wars Episode one film in general [http://www.adequacy.org/stories/2002.6.4.6373.93061.html].
[[Cliff Robertson]] played Aldrin in the 1976 TV-movie ''Return to Earth'' based on Aldrin's own memoir.
Aldrin was portrayed by [[Larry Williams (actor)|Larry Williams]] in the 1995 film ''[[Apollo 13 (film)|Apollo 13]]''. In the 1996 TV movie ''[[Apollo 11 (film)|Apollo 11]]'' he was played by [[Xander Berkeley]], who had previously played the small role of Henry Hurt in ''Apollo 13''. In the 1998 miniseries ''[[From the Earth to the Moon (HBO)|From the Earth to the Moon]]'' Aldrin was played by [[Bryan Cranston]]. On [[December 26]] [[2006]], Channel 4 Television in the UK transmitted a 50 minute opera by British Composer [[Jonathan Dove]] called ''Man on the Moon'', especially made for television. It tells the story of Aldrin's trip to the moon interleaved with the effects the experience had on him and his marriage. Aldrin was played by [[Nathan Gunn]], and Joan Aldrin by [[Patricia Racette]].


==References==
This controversy was referenced by [[Wayne Brady]] on an episode of the American edition of ''[[Whose Line Is It Anyway?]]'' While playing Let's Make a Date, Wayne's card told him to imitate Jar Jar Binks. Running out of things to say later on in the game, he quips, "Mesa one big stereotype."
{{reflist|2}}


==External links==
Jar Jar is not the only character in ''The Phantom Menace'' whose accent has been used to generate controversy. Notably, detractors claim, the greedy [[Trade Federation]] spoke with [[East Asian]] accents ([[French language|French]] accents in the [[German language|German]] version, [[Russian language|Russian]] in the [[Italian language|Italian]] and [[French language|French]] versions). In addition, the character [[Watto]] is said to speak with a [[Jew]]ish or [[Middle East]]ern accent and having some physical caricatures such as his hooked nose, and his personality is covetous and greedy, leading some to believe that the character is an [[anti-Semitism|anti-Semitic]] stereotype. These allegations are controversial and not universally agreed upon.
{{wikiquote}}
*[http://www.buzzaldrin.com/ Official website]
*[http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/Bios/htmlbios/aldrin-b.html Buzz Aldrin's Official NASA Biography]
*[http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1659730,00.html 10 Questions for Buzz Aldrin] on Time.com (a division of Time Magazine)
*[http://www.nasa.gov/vision/space/features/aldrin_ambassador_of_exploration.html Buzz Aldrin Honored as an Ambassador of Exploration]
*[http://www.spacefacts.de/bios/astronauts/english/aldrin_buzz.htm Spacefacts biography of Buzz Aldrin]
*[http://www.popularmechanics.com/science/space/2076326.html Buzz Aldrin's Roadmap to Mars] (Popular Mechanics, December 2005)
*[http://video.google.co.uk/videoplay?docid=6647204125621625190 Video excerpt from "Apollo 11: The Untold Story"]
*[http://www.cosmosmagazine.com/node/545 "Satellite of solitude"] by Buzz Aldrin: an article in which Aldrin describes what it was like to walk on the Moon, ''Cosmos'' science magazine
*[http://men.msn.com/articlees.aspx?cp-documentid=4884951 Buzz Aldrin decribes walking on the Moon for MSN.]


{{Astronaut Group 3 Footer}}
The plot thread in the latter two prequel films which concern Jar Jar's manipulation by other political elements and the manner in which his innocence betrays him (leading him to inadvertently cause the undoing of the [[Galactic Republic (Star Wars)|Galactic Republic]]) has been interpreted by some as a shift in significance and character emphasis initiated by Lucas in response to the criticism he received originally.{{Fact|date=February 2007}} Other commentators contend that this shift was most likely planned far in advance and was always intended as a comment on, and re-contextualisation of, Jar Jar's role in ''The Phantom Menace'' by the series' creator.{{Fact|date=February 2007}}
{{People who have walked on the Moon}}


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As a result of all of the controversy above, Jar Jar has been one of the major springboards for vehement anti-Lucas sentiment.


{{Persondata
==In Popular Culture==
|NAME= Aldrin, Buzz
*[[Aaron McGruder]]'s popular comic strip [[The Boondocks]] has frequently referred to Jar Jar Binks both as an unlikeable character and as a portrayal of Racism; most notably, a strip once appeared in which Binks realized his own existence was Racist and became a follower of [[Malcolm X]] named "Jabari Jabari Binko".
|ALTERNATIVE NAMES=
*Jar Jar, or at least a parody of Jar Jar, appeared in the [[TV]] movie [[The Fairly OddParents: Abra-Catastrophe!]] in a ''Star Wars'' parody. In the parody of the scene with Luke ([[Timmy Turner]]) and Darth Vader ([[Cosmo and Wanda|Cosmo]]) fighting in Cloud City (although the exterior of the area resembles the [[Death Star]]), Jar Jar comes in, speaking in gibberish before they throw him off the balcony. He appears in the next scene, still falling, while Timmy saves him as [[Spider Man]]. Seconds after his save, parody Jar Jar is used to whack [[Green Goblin]] off his glider. In the last scene involving Jar Jar, he is trampled by a giant [[Cosmo and Wanda|Wanda]] T-Rex.
|SHORT DESCRIPTION= [[Astronaut]] [[Fighter pilot]]
*In [[The Simpsons]] episode [[Revenge is a Dish Best Served Three Times]] the ending had a list dedicating the episode to everyone who died in the Star Wars movies and on the list it said "unfortunately, not Jar Jar Binks."
|DATE OF BIRTH= [[20 January]] [[1930]]
*In the [[Robot Chicken]] Star Wars special, Jar Jar suddenly appears onboard a Star Destroyer with Darth Vader inside. Jar Jar immediately recognizes Anakin, despite his new looks. However, Vader kills him by launching him into outer space. Yet it turns out that Jar Jar became one with the Force, exclaiming that he and Anakin can be best friends forever.
|PLACE OF BIRTH= [[Glen Ridge, New Jersey]], [[United States|U.S.]]
*In The Simpsons episode [[Half-Decent Proposal]] during the opening scene [[Comic Book Guy]] is seen hugging a Jar Jar Binks action figure and mutters "Oh Jar Jar, everybody hates you but me". Later, in [[Co-Dependent's Day]], they view ''Cosmic Wars'', and Lisa complains about the character "Jim-Jam" for being a stereotype. When she and Bart confront Randal Curtis, the creator of Cosmic Wars, he replies that the character is better because of the graphics used to create it and brushes off the idea that poor writing made it a bad character.
|DATE OF DEATH=
*In the [[South Park]] episode [[Jakovasaurs]], the eponymous Jakovasaur species is a clear parody of Jar Jar, and the Gungan race in general.
|PLACE OF DEATH=
*In the movie [[South Park: Bigger, Longer & Uncut]], which was released mere weeks after ''Episode I'', an African American soldier asks "Issa people gonna die?", a line Jar Jar speaks in Episode One, in a parody of the allegations of racial stereotyping.
}}
*The character Tim in the TV series [[Spaced]] has a long running dislike for Jar Jar; believing that he didn't fit in with what Star Wars was originally, going as far to shout at a small child for asking about Jar Jar figures.
{{DEFAULTSORT:Aldrin, Buzz}}
*On the October 11, 2006 episode of [[The Colbert Report]], George Lucas made an appearance to showcase his entry for Stephen Colbert's "Greenscreen Challenge", which features Colbert fighting battle droids with a lightsaber and having a conversation with Jar Jar, in which he attempts to imitate his Gungan accent. In an apparent acknowledgement of the character's unpopularity, Jar Jar's entrance is marked by prolonged, canned applause.
<!--Other languages-->
*In the [[Nintendo 64]] game ''[[Star Wars: Battle for Naboo]]'', Jar Jar makes an appearance at the N64 logo screen: he walks into the screen and, when he is at the center, the N64 logo comes down all over him in a humorous effect.

== Notes ==
<div class="references-small">
<references />
</div>

==External links==
{{wikiquote}}
* {{databank|category=character|subject=jarjarbinks|text=Jar Jar Binks}}
*{{sww|Jar Jar Binks}}
* [http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0120915/ Star Wars Episode I] in the [http://www.imdb.com Internet Movie Database]
* [http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0078886/ Ahmed Best] at the [[Internet Movie Database]]

{{Episode I}}
{{Episode II}}
{{Episode III}}


[[Category:American astronauts]]
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[[Category:People who have walked on the Moon]]
[[Category:Fictional generals]]
[[Category:United States Air Force officers]]
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[[Category:American military personnel of the Korean War]]
[[Category:Film sidekicks]]
[[Category:Harmon Trophy winners]]
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[[Category:National Aviation Hall of Fame]]
[[Category:Star Wars Old Republic characters]]
[[Category:U.S. Astronaut Hall of Fame Inductees]]
[[Category:United States Military Academy alumni]]
[[Category:Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni]]
[[Category:Hollywood Walk of Fame]]
[[Category:Montclair, New Jersey]]
[[Category:People from Essex County, New Jersey]]
[[Category:American Episcopalians]]
[[Category:Swedish-Americans]]
[[Category:People with major depressive disorder|Aldrin, Buzz]]
[[Category:1930 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]


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Revision as of 12:10, 30 October 2007

Buzz Aldrin
StatusRetired
NationalityAmerican
OccupationFighter pilot
Space career
Astronaut
RankColonel, USAF
Time in space
12 days, 1 hour and 52 minutes
Selection1963 NASA Group
MissionsGemini 12, Apollo 11
Mission insignia

Colonel Buzz Aldrin, Sc.D (born January 20, 1930 as Edwin Eugene Aldrin, Jr.) is an American pilot and astronaut who was the Lunar Module Pilot on Apollo 11, the first lunar landing. He became the second person to have set foot on the Moon (after Mission Commander Neil Armstrong).

Biography

Early life

Aldrin was born into a military family in Glen Ridge, New Jersey,[1] where he became a Tenderfoot in the Boy Scouts of America.[2] He attended Montclair High School in Montclair, New Jersey, and graduated from the U.S. Military Academy at West Point. The nickname "Buzz" originated in childhood: his sister mispronounced "brother" as "buzzer" as a toddler, and this was shortened to Buzz. He made it his legal first name in 1988.[3] [4]

Military career

Buzz Aldrin in dress uniform

He graduated third in his class in 1951 with a bachelor of science degree. Aldrin was commissioned as a Second Lieutenant and served as a jet fighter pilot in the U.S. Air Force during the Korean War, where he flew 66 combat missions in F-86 Sabres and shot down two Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-15 aircraft. After leaving Korea, Aldrin was an aerial gunnery instructor at Nellis Air Force Base in southern Nevada, and later an aide to the dean of faculty at the U.S. Air Force Academy. After leaving this assignment, Aldrin flew F-100 Super Sabres as a flight commander at Bitburg, Germany in the 22nd Fighter Squadron. Aldrin earned his doctorate of science in Astronautics from Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge, Massachusetts. His graduate thesis was Line-of-sight guidance techniques for manned orbital rendezvous. After leaving MIT, he returned to the Air Force and was assigned to the Gemini Target Office of the Air Force Space Systems Division in Los Angeles, and later to Edwards Air Force Base at the U.S. Air Force Test Pilot School. In March 1972, Aldrin retired from active duty after 21 years of service.

Time as an astronaut

Buzz walks on the surface of the Moon during Apollo 11.

Aldrin was selected as part of the third group of NASA astronauts in October 1963. After the deaths of the original Gemini 9 prime crew, Elliott See and Charles Bassett, Aldrin was promoted to back-up crew for the mission. The main objective of the revised mission (Gemini 9A) was to rendezvous and dock with a target vehicle but when this failed Aldrin improvised an effective exercise for the craft to rendezvous with a co-ordinate in space. He was confirmed as pilot on Gemini 12, the last Gemini mission and the last chance to prove methods for EVA. He utilized revolutionary techniques during training for that mission, including neutrally-buoyant underwater training. Such techniques are still used today. Aldrin set a record for extra-vehicular activity and proved that astronauts could work outside the spacecraft. It was because of this that Deke Slayton credited Aldrin with 'saving the space program'.

In 2005, while being interviewed for a documentary entitled "First on the Moon: The Untold Story", Aldrin relayed to an interviewer that he and the crew of the Apollo 11 witnessed an unidentified flying object (UFO). He claimed that, out of fear of being forced to turn back should someone on the ground fear the possible presence of aliens, they informed Mission Control via a request for the current position of the S-IVB. David Morrison, a NAI Senior Scientist, claims to have had a conversation with Aldrin in which he explained that the documentary cut out the interview portions in which Aldrin told interviewers that the Apollo 11 crew ultimately concluded that they were probably seeing a detached panel from the spacecraft.[5][6][7][8] When Aldrin appeared on The Howard Stern Show on August 15, 2007, Howard Stern asked him about the supposed UFO sighting. Aldrin confirmed that there was no such sighting of anything deemed extraterrestrial, and said they were and are "99.9 percent" sure that the object was the detached panel. He also revealed to Stern that he underwent plastic surgery.[9]

Buzz's lunar footprint, taken by himself, whilst on EVA July 20, 1969.

Aldrin has had a much more public persona than Neil Armstrong, and much has been said about his desire at the time to be the first astronaut out of the Lunar Module, and therefore the first to walk on the moon. The matter was dramatized in the miniseries From the Earth to the Moon, based on Andrew Chaikin's book A Man on the Moon.

Aldrin is a Presbyterian, and is known for having made statements about God — including receiving Communion on the surface of the moon. After landing on the moon, Aldrin radioed earth with these words: "I'd like to take this opportunity to ask every person listening in, whoever and wherever they may be, to pause for a moment and contemplate the events of the past few hours, and to give thanks in his or her own way." Aldrin kept his Communion a secret because of the lawsuit regarding the reading of Genesis on Apollo 8.[10] Aldrin, a church elder, used a pastor's home Communion kit given to him by Dean Woodruff and recited words used by his pastor at Webster Presbyterian Church. He celebrated Communion alone, without his colleague Armstrong participating.[11][12]

Buzz Aldrin steps onto the Moon

Retirement

After leaving active duty as an astronaut Aldrin returned to the Air Force in a managerial role but his career was blighted by personal problems. His autobiography Return to Earth provides an account of his struggles with depression and alcoholism in the years following his NASA career. His life improved considerably with his marriage to Lois Aldrin. Since retiring from NASA, he has continued to promote space exploration, including producing a unique computer strategy game called "Buzz Aldrin's Race into Space" (1992). He played the role of Reverend Woodruff in the 1996 TV movie Apollo 11.

Aldrin near module leg

Aldrin also teamed up with science fiction author John Barnes to write Encounter With Tiber and The Return.

In 2001, President Bush appointed Aldrin to the Commission on the Future of the United States Aerospace Industry.[13][14]

A small crater on the Moon near the Apollo 11 landing site is named in his honor.

In 2003, he received The Humanitarian Award from Variety, the Children's Charity. Variety is a non-profit organization that works to improve the lives of disabled and disadvantaged children worldwide. According to the organization, the award "is given to an individual who has shown unusual understanding, empathy, and devotion to mankind." [15]

He voiced himself in "Deep Space Homer", an episode of The Simpsons in which he flies into space with Homer Simpson and fictional astronaut Race Banyon. He also appeared in an interview with Ali G in the British comedy series Ali G in da USA, during which Ali G referred to him as Buzz Lightyear and asked him if he thought man would ever walk on the sun.

In an episode of NUMB3RS entitled "Killer Chat", Buzz is seen at the end escorting Larry from the FBI headquarters on his way to his launch to the International Space Station.

Buzz Aldrin voiced himself in an episode of Disney's Recess.

He currently serves on the National Space Society's [2] Board of Governors, and has served as the organization's Chairman. He is currently a member of The Planetary Society, with Aldrin's pre-recorded voice appearing on nearly every episode of the Society's Planetary Radio.

In 2005, through small publisher Flatsigned Press, Aldrin released two leather bound signed limited editions, Men From Earth and Encounter With Tiber.

He plays himself in the 3-D animated film Fly Me to the Moon, due to be released in theaters in 2007.

Confrontation with Bart Sibrel

On September 9 2002, filmmaker Bart Sibrel, a proponent of the conspiracy theory that the six Apollo lunar missions were elaborate hoaxes, confronted Aldrin outside a Beverly Hills, California hotel, demanding that Aldrin either swear an oath on the Bible that he had walked on the Moon or admit that it was all a hoax. After Aldrin and an unnamed female relative who was accompanying him tried to leave, Sibrel put the Bible in front of him and called Aldrin "a coward, a liar, and a thief". Aldrin punched Sibrel in the face. [16] Beverly Hills police and the city's prosecutor declined to file charges. Sibrel suffered no permanent injuries.

Aldrin in the movies

Cliff Robertson played Aldrin in the 1976 TV-movie Return to Earth based on Aldrin's own memoir. Aldrin was portrayed by Larry Williams in the 1995 film Apollo 13. In the 1996 TV movie Apollo 11 he was played by Xander Berkeley, who had previously played the small role of Henry Hurt in Apollo 13. In the 1998 miniseries From the Earth to the Moon Aldrin was played by Bryan Cranston. On December 26 2006, Channel 4 Television in the UK transmitted a 50 minute opera by British Composer Jonathan Dove called Man on the Moon, especially made for television. It tells the story of Aldrin's trip to the moon interleaved with the effects the experience had on him and his marriage. Aldrin was played by Nathan Gunn, and Joan Aldrin by Patricia Racette.

References

  1. ^ Hansen, James R. (2005). First Man: The Life of Neil A. Armstrong. Simon & Schuster. p. 348."Buzz Aldrin's birthplace has frequently been given to be Montclair, New Jersey. In fact, he was born on the Glen Ridge wing of a hospital whose central body rested in Montclair. His birth certificate lists Glen Ridge as his birthplace."
  2. ^ "Astronauts and the BSA". Fact sheet. Boy Scouts of America. Retrieved 2006-03-20. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  3. ^ http://www.buzzaldrin.com/about/faq/
  4. ^ http://encarta.msn.com/media_461577285/Buzz_Aldrin_Quick_Facts.html
  5. ^ "NASA Ask an Astrobiologist".
  6. ^ "Daily Record Article".
  7. ^ "Site containing a transcript of the UFO segment of the Untold Story documentary".
  8. ^ "A link to The Science Channel scheduling info for cited documentary containing Aldrin's UFO comments".
  9. ^ "Astronaut Buzz Aldrin Calls In. 08/15/07. 7:30am".
  10. ^ Chaikin, Andrew. A Man On The Moon.
  11. ^ ("First on the Moon — A Voyage with Neil Armstrong, Michael Collins, Edwin E. Aldrin Jr", written with Gene Farmer and Dora Jane Hamblin, epilogue by Arthur C. Clarke, Michael Joseph Ltd, London (1970), page 251).
  12. ^ Hillner, Jennifer (2007-01-24). "Sundance 2007: Buzz Aldrin Speaks". Table of Malcontents - Wired Blogs. Wired. Retrieved 2007-05-07. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  13. ^ Personnel Announcements - August 22, 2001 White House Press Release naming the Presidential Appointees for the commission.
  14. ^ [1] - This sources states he was appointed in 2002, although according to the August 22, 2001 Press Release, it was 2001
  15. ^ "Variety International Humanitarian Awards". Variety, the Children's Charity. Retrieved 2007-05-07.
  16. ^ "Buzz Aldrin punches guy in the face" (video). You Tube. Retrieved 2006-05-06.
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