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Revision as of 17:36, 1 November 2007

The table below compares basic information about virtual machine packages. Note that these are all Virtual Machines in the 'hypervisor' or 'hardware emulator' sense. None of them are VMs in the Application Virtualization sense as the Java Virtual Machine or Parrot virtual machine. For those, see Comparison of Application Virtual Machines.

Name Creator Host CPU Guest CPU Host OS(s) Guest OS(s) License
Advanced Power Virtualization IBM POWER4,
POWER5,
POWER6 		POWER4,
POWER5,
POWER6 		hardware / firmware
no host OS 		Linux-ppc,
AIX,
i5OS (=prev OS/400) 		IBM
Bochs Kevin Lawton Intel x86, AMD64, SPARC, PowerPC, Alpha, MIPS Intel x86, AMD64 Windows, Linux, IRIX, AIX, FreeBSD, OpenBSD, BeOS, Mac OS X DOS, Windows, xBSD, Linux LGPL
Containers Sun Microsystems x86, x86-64, SPARC (portable: not tied to hardware) (Same as host) Solaris Solaris, Linux (BrandZ) CDDL (Free)
Cooperative Linux Dan Aloni helped by others developers 1 Intel x86, others? (Same as parent) Windows NT (NT, 2000, XP, Server 2003), Linux? Linux GPL version 2
Denali University of Washington[1] Intel x86 Intel x86 Denali Ilwaco, NetBSD ?
DOSBox Peter Veenstra and Sjoerd with community help Intel x86, AMD64, SPARC, PowerPC, Alpha, MIPS Intel x86 GNU/Linux, Windows, Mac OS Classic, Mac OS X, BeOS, FreeBSD, OpenBSD, Solaris, QNX, IRIX Internally emulated DOS shell GPL
DOSEMU Community Project Intel x86 Intel x86 Linux DOS GPL version 2
FreeVPS PSoft Intel x86, AMD64 compatible Linux Various Linux distributions GPL version 2
Integrity Virtual Machines Hewlett- Packard IA-64 IA-64 HP-UX HP-UX, Windows, Linux (OpenVMS announced) Proprietary
Jail FreeBSD Intel x86, compatible FreeBSD FreeBSD FreeBSD
JPC (Virtual Machine) Oxford University Any running the Java Virtual Machine x86 Java Virtual Machine DOS GPL version 2
Linux KVM KVM Intel/AMD processor with X86 virtualization x86/AMD64 Linux Linux, Windows GPL2
Name Creator Host CPU Guest CPU Host OS(s) Guest OS(s) License
Linux- VServer Community Project Intel x86, AMD64, IA-64, Alpha, PowerPC/64, PA-RISC/64, SPARC/64, ARM, S/390, SH/66, MIPS compatible Linux Various Linux distributions GPL version 2
Logical Domains Sun Microsystems UltraSPARC T1, UltraSPARC T2 compatible Solaris Solaris, Linux, and FreeBSD ?
Mac-on-Linux Mac On Linux PowerPC PowerPC Linux Mac OS X, MacOS 7.5.2 to 9.2.2, Linux GPL
Mac-on-Mac Sebastian Gregorzyk PowerPC PowerPC Mac OS X Mac OS X, Mac OS 7.5.2 to 9.2.2, Linux GPL
OKL4 Open Kernel Labs x86, ARM, MIPS as host none (bare metal) Linux, eCos, "other RTOSes" BSD
OpenVZ Community project, supported by SWsoft Intel x86, AMD64, IA-64, PowerPC64, SPARC64 Intel x86, AMD64, IA-64, PowerPC64, SPARC64 Linux Various Linux distributions GPL
Padded Cell for x86 Green Hills Software Intel x86, Intel VT-x Intel x86 INTEGRITY Real-time OS Windows, Linux, Solaris Proprietary
Padded Cell for PowerPC Green Hills Software Power Architecture Power Architecture INTEGRITY Real-time OS Linux Proprietary
Parallels Desktop for Mac Parallels, Inc. Intel x86, Intel VT-x Intel x86 Mac OS X (Intel) Windows, Linux, FreeBSD, OS/2, eComStation, MS-DOS, Solaris Proprietary
Parallels Workstation Parallels, Inc. Intel x86, Intel VT-x Intel x86 Windows, Linux Windows, Linux, FreeBSD, OS/2, eComStation, MS-DOS, Solaris Proprietary
PearPC Sebastian Biallas x86, AMD64, PowerPC PowerPC Windows, Linux, Mac OS X, NetBSD Mac OS X, Darwin, Linux GPL
QEMU Fabrice Bellard helped by other developers Intel x86, AMD64, IA-64, PowerPC, Alpha, SPARC 32 and 64, ARM, S/390, M68k Intel x86, AMD64, ARM, SPARC 32 and 64, PowerPC, MIPS Windows, Linux, Mac OS X, Solaris, FreeBSD, OpenBSD, BeOS Changes regularly [2] GPL/LGPL
QEMU w/ kqemu module Fabrice Bellard Intel x86, AMD64 Same as host Linux, FreeBSD, Solaris, Windows Changes regularly [3] GPL/LGPL
QEMU w/ qvm86 module Paul Brook x86 x86 Linux, NetBSD, Windows Changes regularly GPL
QuickTransit Transitive Corp. AMD64, Intel x86, IA-64, Power MIPS, PowerPC, SPARC, Intel x86 Linux, OSX, Irix Linux, OSX, Irix, Solaris Proprietary
SimNow AMD AMD64 AMD64 Linux (64bit), Windows (64bit) Linux, Windows (32bit and 64bit) AMD proprietary
Name Creator Host CPU Guest CPU Host OS(s) Guest OS(s) License
Simics Virtutech Intel x86, x86-64, Sparc v9 Alpha, ARM, IA-64, MIPS32, MIPS64, MSP430, PPC32, PPC64, POWER, SPARC v8, SPARC v9, x86, x86-64, TI TMS320C64xx. Windows, Linux, Solaris Depends on target machine, VxWorks, OSE, QNX, Linux, Solaris, Windows, FreeBSD, RTEMS, TinyOS, and many others have been run. Proprietary
SVISTA 2004 Serenity Systems International Intel x86 Intel x86 Windows, OS/2, Linux ? Proprietary
TRANGO TRANGO Systems, Grenoble, France ARM, XScale, MIPS, PowerPC Paravirtualized ARM, MIPS, PowerPC none: bare metal execution, Linux or Windows as dev. hosts Linux, eCos, µC/OS-II, WindowsCE, Nucleus, VxWorks Proprietary
User Mode Linux Jeff Dike helped by other developers Intel x86, PowerPC (Same as parent) Linux Linux GPL version 2
View-OS Renzo Davoli helped by other developers [4] Intel x86, PowerPC, AMD64 (in progress) (Same as parent) Linux 2.6+ Linux executables GPL version 2
VDSmanager ISPsystem LLC Intel x86 (Same as host) FreeBSD FreeBSD Proprietary
VirtualBox InnoTek Intel x86, x86-64 Intel x86 Windows, Linux, Mac OS X DOS, Windows, Linux, OS/2, OpenBSD, FreeBSD GPL V2; full version with extra enterprise features is proprietary (free for personal and educational use and evaluation)
Virtual Iron Virtual Iron 3.1 Virtual Iron Software, Inc. Intel x86 VT-x, AMD64 AMD-V Intel x86, AMD64 none: bare metal execution Windows, Red Hat, SuSE Complete product carries a proprietary license [5]; a few components are GPL2 [6]
Virtual PC 2007 Microsoft Intel x86, x64 Intel x86 Windows Vista (Business, Enterprise, Ultimate), XP Pro, XP Tablet PC Edition DOS, Windows, OS/2 Proprietary (free from Jul 2006)
Virtual PC 7 for Mac Microsoft PowerPC Intel x86 Mac OS X Windows, OS/2, Linux Proprietary
VirtualLogix VLX VirtualLogix ARM, DSP C6000, Intel x86, Intel VT-x Same as parent none: bare metal installation Linux, C5, VxWorks, Nucleus, DSP/BIOS and proprietary OS Proprietary
Virtual Server 2005 R2 Microsoft Intel x86, AMD64 Intel x86 Windows 2003, XP Windows NT, 2000, 2003, Linux (Red Hat and SUSE) Proprietary (Free)
Virtuozzo SWsoft Intel x86, IA-64, AMD64 Intel x86, IA-64, AMD64 Linux & Windows Various Linux distributions; Windows Proprietary
VMware ESX Server 3.0 VMware Intel x86, AMD64 Intel x86, AMD64 none (bare metal install) Windows, Red Hat, SuSE, Netware, Solaris Proprietary
VMware ESX Server 2.5.3 VMware Intel x86, AMD64 Intel x86 none (bare metal install) Windows, Red Hat, SuSE, FreeBSD, Netware Proprietary
Name Creator Host CPU Guest CPU Host OS Officially supported guest OS License
VMware Fusion VMware Intel x86, Intel VT-x Intel x86 Mac OS X (Intel) Windows, Linux, Netware, Solaris, others Proprietary
VMware Server VMware Intel x86, AMD64 Intel x86, AMD64 Windows, Linux DOS, Windows, Linux, FreeBSD, Netware, Solaris, Virtual appliances Proprietary (Free)
VMware Workstation 6.0 VMware Intel x86, AMD64 Intel x86, AMD64 Windows, Linux DOS, Windows, Linux, FreeBSD, Netware, Solaris, Virtual appliances Proprietary
VMware Player 2.0 VMware Intel x86, AMD64 Intel x86, AMD64 Windows, Linux DOS, Windows, Linux, FreeBSD, Netware, Solaris, Virtual appliances Proprietary (free)
Xen University of Cambridge, Intel, AMD Intel x86, AMD64, (PowerPC and IA-64 ports in progress) (Same as host) NetBSD, Linux, Solaris Linux, NetBSD, FreeBSD, OpenBSD, Solaris, Windows XP & 2003 Server (needs vers. 3.0 and a Vanderpool or Pacifica-capable CPU), Plan 9 GPL
z/VM IBM z/Architecture z/Architecture (z/VM does not run on predecessor mainframes) None or itself, single or multiple levels/versions deep, e.g. VM/ESA running inside z/VM 4.4 inside z/VM 5.2 inside z/VM 5.1. Linux on zSeries, z/OS, z/VSE, z/TPF, z/VM, VM/CMS, MUSIC/SP, and predecessors Proprietary, one-time charge plus maintenance/support
Name Creator Host CPU Guest CPU Host OS(s) Guest OS(s) License
Name Guest OS SMP available? Runs arbitrary OS? Drivers for supported guest OS available? Method of operation Typical use Guest OS speed relative to Host OS Commercial support available?
Advanced Power Virtualization Yes Yes
max 10 / CPU 		Yes native or
(micro lpars) hypercalls to
firmware-
hypervisor 		any use, up to 64-way native,
POWER5 and later
have no raw-iron mode 		?
Bochs Yes Yes ? Emulation Hobbyist, Developer Very slow ?
Containers Yes, over 100-way No N/A Operating system-level virtualization Business, Development, Enterprise Server Consolidation, Hosting, Service separation, Security, Isolation Native [7] Yes
Cooperative Linux ? No some are supported Porting used as a separate machine for a server or with X11 networking Native[8] ?
Denali No No ? Paravirtualization and Porting Research Slow ?
DOSBox No No Yes Emulation using Dynamic Translation or interpretation. execution of DOS applications, especially games Slow (10% native), much slower on non-x86 systems. ?
DOSEMU No Yes Yes Hardware virtualization Legacy application support Native[9] ?
FreeVPS Yes No n/a Operating system-level virtualization Hosting, Service separation, Security Native[10] ?
Integrity Virtual Machines Yes (4-way) Yes Unnecessary Virtualization Server consolidation and Security Near native (no guest additions necessary) ?
Jail Yes No N/A Operating system-level virtualization Hosting, Service separation, Security Native[11] ?
JPC (Virtual Machine) ? ? ? ? Research 10% ?
Linux KVM Yes Yes N/A In-kernel Virtualization ? Near native ?
Name Guest OS SMP available? Runs arbitrary OS? Drivers for supported guest OS available? Method of operation Typical use Guest OS speed relative to Host OS Commercial support available?
Linux- VServer Yes No N/A Operating system-level virtualization Hosting, Service separation, Security Native[12] ?
Logical Domains Yes No ? Paravirtualization Server consolidation, Hosting, Service separation, and Security Near native ?
Mac-on-Linux ? ? ? Virtualization Native[13] ?
Mac-on-Mac ? ? ? Virtualization Native[14] ?
OKL4 ? No Yes Para-virtualization embedded systems Native[15] ?
OpenVZ Yes No Compatible Operating system-level virtualization Virtualized Server Isolation Native[16] ?
Padded Cell for x86 No Yes Yes Virtualization, Lightweight Hypervisor Developer, Business workstation, Security Near native ?
Padded Cell for PowerPC No No Yes Paravirtualization, Lightweight Hypervisor Developer, Business workstation, Security Near native ?
Parallels Desktop for Mac No Yes Yes Virtualization, Lightweight Hypervisor Hobbyist, Developer, Tester, Business workstation Near native Yes
Parallels Workstation No Yes Yes Virtualization, Lightweight Hypervisor Hobbyist, Developer, Tester, Business workstation Near native Yes
PearPC No Yes Yes Emulation using Dynamic Translation Hobbyist, Developer, Business workstation 10% host CPU speed ?
QEMU Yes Yes ? Dynamic Recompilation Hobbyist, Developer, Business workstation, Server 10 to 20% host CPU speed ?
QEMU w/ kqemu module No Yes ? Virtualization Hobbyist, Developer, Business workstation, Server Near native [17] ?
QEMU w/ qvm86 module No Yes ? Virtualization Hobbyist, Developer, Business workstation, Server Near native ?
QuickTransit Yes Yes No Dynamic binary translation Various Varies depending on host/guest processor combination ?
SimNow Yes Yes Yes Code caching, Virtualization Developer, Server about 10x slower ?
Name Guest OS SMP available? Runs arbitrary OS? Drivers for supported guest OS available? Method of operation Typical use Guest OS speed relative to Host OS Commercial support available?
Simics Yes Yes Yes, but most of time unmodified is the point Full-system simulation Early software development, embedded software development, advanced debug, computer architecture research depends on target nature Yes
SVISTA 2004 No ? ? ? Hobbyist, Developer, Business workstation ? ?
TRANGO Yes Yes[18] Yes Paravirtualization and Porting or Hardware Virtualization Mob. phone, STB, routers, etc. Native[19] ?
User Mode Linux ??? No ??? Porting used as a separate machine for a server or with X11 networking Native [20] (Runs slow as all calls are proxied) ?
View-OS Yes No N/A Partial Virtualization through syscall trapping security, isolation, testing, mobility Near native (better with ptrace kernel patch[21]) ?
VDSmanager Yes No N/A Operating system-level virtualization Hosting, Service separation, Security, Isolation Native [22] Yes
VirtualBox No Yes Yes Virtualization Business workstation, Enterprise Server Consolidation, Business Continuity, Hobbyist, Developer Near native Yes (with commercial license)
Virtual Iron Virtual Iron 3.1 Yes

(up to 8 way)

Yes Yes Native Virtualization Enterprise Server Consolidation, Business Continuity, Dev/Test Near Native Yes
Virtual PC 2007 No Yes Yes Virtualization (guest calls trapping where supported) Hobbyist, Developer, Business workstation Near native with Virtual Machine additions ?
Virtual PC 7 for Mac No Yes Yes Dynamic Recompilation (guest calls trapping where supported) Hobbyist, Developer, Business workstation Slow ?
VirtualLogix VLX Yes Yes Yes Paravirtualization and Porting or Hardware Virtualization Embedded real-time systems: Mobile phone, STB, Softswitch, etc Near Native[23] ?
Virtual Server 2005 R2 No Yes Yes Virtualization (guest calls trapping where supported) Server, Server Farm Near native with Virtual Machine additions ?
Virtuozzo Yes No Compatible Operating system-level virtualization Server Consolidation, Business Continuity, Disaster Recover, Service Providers Native [24] Yes
VMware ESX Server 3.0 Yes

(Add-on) (up to 4 way)

Yes Yes Virtualization Enterprise Server Consolidation, Business Continuity, Dev/Test Up to near native Yes
VMware ESX Server 2.5.3 Yes

(Add-on) (2 way)

Yes Yes Virtualization Enterprise Server Consolidation, Business Continuity, Dev/Test Up to near native Yes
Name Guest OS SMP available? Runs Arbitrary OS Drivers for supported guest OS available? Method of operation Typical use Guest OS speed relative to Host OS Commercial support available?
VMware Fusion Yes Yes Yes Virtualization Hobbyist, Developer, Tester, Business workstation Near native Yes
VMware Server Yes Yes Yes Virtualization Server/Desktop Consolidation, Dev/Test Up to near native, substantial performance loss on some workload (network and disk intensive especially)[citation needed] Yes
VMware Workstation 6.0 Yes Yes Yes Paravirtualization (VMI) and Virtualization Technical Professional, Advanced Dev/Test, Trainer Up to near native Yes
VMware Player 2.0 No Yes Yes Virtualization Technical Professional, Advanced Dev/Test, Trainer, End User (Prebuild Machines) Up to near native, substantial performance loss on some workload (network and disk intensive especially)[citation needed] Yes
Xen Yes Yes Not required with the exception of the networking drivers where a NAT is required. A modified guest kernel or special hardware level abstraction is required for guest OSs. Paravirtualization and Porting or Hardware Virtualization ? Up to near native[25] speed substantial performance loss on some workload (network and disk intensive especially) Yes
z/VM Yes, both real and virtual (guest perceives more CPUs than installed), incl. dynamic CPU provisioning and reassignment Yes Yes, but not required Virtualization (among first systems to provide hardware assists) Enterprise servers Variable[26] ?
Name Guest OS SMP available? Runs arbitrary OS? Supported guest OS drivers? Method of operation Typical use Speed relative to Host OS Commercial support available?


  • ^ Providing any virtual environment usually requires some overhead of some type or another. Native usually means that the virtualization technique does not do any CPU level virtualization (like Bochs), which executes code more slowly than when it is directly executed by a CPU. Some other products such as VMWare and Virtual PC use similar approaches to Bochs and QEMU, however they use a number of advanced techniques to shortcut most of the calls directly to the CPU (similar to the process that JIT compiler uses) to bring the speed to near native in most cases. However, some products such as coLinux, Xen, z/VM (in real mode) do not suffer the cost of cpu level slow downs as the cpu level instructions are not proxied or executing against an emulated architecture since the guest OS or hardware is providing the environment for the applications to run under. However access to many of the other resources on the system, such as devices and memory may be proxied or emulated in order to broker those shared services out to all the guests, which may cause some slow downs as compared to running outside of virtualization.
  • ^ OS-level virtualization is described as "native" speed, however some groups have found overhead as high as 3% for some operations, but generally figures come under 1%, so long as secondary effects do not appear.
  • ^ See [27] for a paper comparing performance of paravirtualization approaches (eg Xen) with OS-level virtualization
  • ^ Requires patches/recompiling.
  • ^ Very good for light-weight, paravirtualized single-user VM/CMS interactive shell: largest customers ran several thousand users on single system. Highly variable for multiprogramming OSes like Linux on zSeries, z/OS that make heavy use of native supervisor state intructions, depending on nature of workload.

Features

The table below compares features of virtual machine packages.

Name Can boot an OS on another disk partition as guest USB GUI Live memory allocation 3D acceleration Live migration
Bochs partially partially Yes No
Cooperative Linux
Denali
DOSBox No Yes No No
DOSEMU No No No
FreeVPS
Integrity Virtual Machines
Jail
KVM Yes [1] Supported with VMGL [2]
Linux- VServer
Mac-on-Linux Yes Yes No No
Mac-on-Mac No No
Microsoft Virtual PC 7 for Mac Yes Yes Yes Yes
OpenVZ
Padded Cell for x86 (Green Hills Software) Yes Yes Yes
Padded Cell for PowerPC (Green Hills Software) Yes Yes Yes No
Parallels Desktop for Mac Yes, if Boot Camp is installed Yes Yes No Support for DirectX 8
Parallels Workstation No Yes Yes No partially
PearPC
POWER Hypervisor (PHYP)
QEMU Yes Yes Yes [3] Some code done [4]; Also supported with VMGL [5]
QEMU w/ kqemu module Yes Yes Some code done [6]; Also supported with VMGL [7]
QEMU w/ qvm86 module Yes Yes Supported with VMGL [8]
QuickTransit
SimNow No No
SVISTA 2004
TRANGO
View-OS
User Mode Linux
VirtualBox Yes (since version 1.4) Yes Yes Yes some code done [9]
Virtual Iron Virtual Iron 3.1
Virtual PC 2004 No
VirtualPC 7 for Mac
VirtualLogix VLX
Virtual Server 2005 R2 No
Virtuozzo Yes Yes Yes Yes
VMware ESX Server 3.0 Yes No Yes
VMware ESX Server 2.5.3 Yes No
VMware Fusion 1.0 Yes Yes Yes No Support for DirectX 8; experimental support for DirectX 9 in 1.1 beta
VMware Server Yes Yes Yes Yes No
VMware Workstation 5.5 Yes Yes Yes Yes Experimental support for DirectX 8; Also supported with VMGL [10]
VMware Workstation 6.0 Yes Yes Yes Yes Experimental support for DirectX 8; Also supported with VMGL [11]
VMware Player No Yes Yes Yes Supported with VMGL [12]
Xen Yes Enomalism Yes Supported with VMGL [13] Yes
z/VM No
Zones Yes Yes Yes Yes No
Name Can boot an OS on another disk partition as guest USB GUI Live memory allocation 3D acceleration Live migration

Other emulators

Other (free, maintained) emulators not mentioned above:

SkyEye 1.2.1

SkyEye is an Open Source Simulator, which simulates series ARM architecture based microprocessors and Blackfin DSP Processor. Users can run Operating Systems such as Linux, uCLinux, uC/OS-II for ARM and can analyze or debug in source level.
http://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=85554

PearColator
PearColator is a development Open Source binary translator that can take x86, PowerPC and ARM machine codes and compile them using a high performance JVM's JIT compiler to run on PowerPC and Intel architectures. It is novel in being written in Java using the same compiler to optimize itself as the emulated architectures.

References

  1. ^ "Virtual Machine Manager". Retrieved 2007-10-04.
  2. ^ http://www.cs.toronto.edu/~andreslc/xen-gl/. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  3. ^ "Virtual Machine Manager". Retrieved 2007-10-04.
  4. ^ "QEMU-Forum". Retrieved 2007-10-04.
  5. ^ http://www.cs.toronto.edu/~andreslc/xen-gl/. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  6. ^ "QEMU-Forum". Retrieved 2007-10-04.
  7. ^ http://www.cs.toronto.edu/~andreslc/xen-gl/. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  8. ^ http://www.cs.toronto.edu/~andreslc/xen-gl/. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  9. ^ "VirtualBox Bugtracking Ticket #475". Retrieved 2007-10-04.
  10. ^ http://www.cs.toronto.edu/~andreslc/xen-gl/. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  11. ^ http://www.cs.toronto.edu/~andreslc/xen-gl/. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  12. ^ http://www.cs.toronto.edu/~andreslc/xen-gl/. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  13. ^ http://www.cs.toronto.edu/~andreslc/xen-gl/. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
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