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{{Taxobox
{{Taxobox
| color = lightgreen
| color = lightgreen
| name = Narrow-leafed Ash
| name = ''Fraxinus angustifolia''
| image = Fraxinus angustifolia foliage.jpg
| image = Fraxinus angustifolia foliage.jpg
| image_width = 240px
| image_width = 240px
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| ordo = [[Lamiales]]
| ordo = [[Lamiales]]
| familia = [[Oleaceae]]
| familia = [[Oleaceae]]
| genus = ''[[Ash tree|Fraxinus]]''
| genus = ''[[Fraxinus]]''
| species = '''''F. angustifolia'''''
| species = '''''F. angustifolia'''''
| binomial = ''Fraxinus angustifolia''
| binomial = ''Fraxinus angustifolia''
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}}
}}


The '''Narrow-leafed Ash''' (''Fraxinus angustifolia'') is a species of [[Ash tree|ash]] native to central and southern [[Europe]], northwest [[Africa]], and southwest [[Asia]].
'''''Fraxinus angustifolia''''' ('''Narrow-leafed Ash''') is a species of ''[[Fraxinus]]'' native to central and southern [[Europe]], northwest [[Africa]], and southwest [[Asia]].<ref name=fe>Flora Europaea: [http://rbg-web2.rbge.org.uk/cgi-bin/nph-readbtree.pl/feout?FAMILY_XREF=&GENUS_XREF=Fraxinus&SPECIES_XREF=angustifolia&TAXON_NAME_XREF=&RANK= ]</ref><ref name=rushforth>Rushforth, K. (1999). ''Trees of Britain and Europe''. Collins ISBN 0-00-220013-9.</ref>


It is a medium-sized [[deciduous]] [[tree]] growing to 20-30 m tall. The [[bud]]s are pale brown, which readily distinguishes it from the related [[European Ash]] (black buds) even in winter. The [[leaf|leaves]] are in opposite pairs or whorls of three, pinnate, 15-25 cm long, with 7-13 leaflets; the leaflets being distinctively slender, 3-8 cm long and 1-1.5 cm broad. Inflorescences can be male, hermaphrodite or mixed male and hermaphrodite. The male and hermaphrodite flowers occur on all individuals, i.e. all trees are functionally hermaphrodite. Flowering occurs in early spring. The fruit when fully formed is a [[samara (fruit)|samara]] 3-4 cm long, the seed 1.5-2 cm long with a pale brown wing 1.5-2 cm long.
It is a medium-sized [[deciduous]] [[tree]] growing to 20-30 m tall with a trunk up to 1.5 m diameter. The [[bark]] is smooth and pale grey on young trees, becoming square-cracked and knobbly on old trees. The [[bud]]s are pale brown, which readily distinguishes it from the related ''[[Fraxinus excelsior]]'' (black buds) even in winter. The [[leaf|leaves]] are in opposite pairs or whorls of three, pinnate, 15-25 cm long, with 3-13 leaflets; the leaflets being distinctively slender, 3-8 cm long and 1-1.5 cm broad. The [[flower]]s are produced in [[inflorescence]]s which can be male, hermaphrodite or mixed male and hermaphrodite. The male and hermaphrodite flowers occur on all individuals, i.e. all trees are functionally hermaphrodite. Flowering occurs in early spring. The [[fruit]] when fully formed is a [[samara (fruit)|samara]] 3-4 cm long, the seed 1.5-2 cm long with a pale brown wing 1.5-2 cm long.<ref name=rushforth/><ref name=afm>Mitchell, A. F. (1974). ''A Field Guide to the Trees of Britain and Northern Europe''. Collins ISBN 0-00-212035-6</ref><ref name=afm1>Mitchell, A. F. (1982). ''The Trees of Britain and Northern Europe''. Collins ISBN 0-00-219037-0</ref><ref name=bean2>Bean, W. J. (1978). ''Trees and Shrubs Hardy in the British Isles'' 8th ed., vol. 2. John Murray ISBN 0-7195-2256-0.</ref>


There are two [[subspecies]], treated as distinct species by some authors:
There are two [[subspecies]], treated as distinct species by some authors:<ref name=fe/><ref name=rushforth/>
*'''''Fraxinus angustifolia'' subsp. ''angustifolia'''''. Western Europe north to France, northwest Africa.
*'''''Fraxinus angustifolia'' subsp. ''angustifolia'''''. Western Europe north to France, northwest Africa. Leaves with 7–13 leaflets; leaflets hairless beneath.
*'''''Fraxinus angustifolia'' subsp. ''oxycarpa''''' (syn. ''F. oxycarpa''). Eastern Europe north to the Czech Republic, southwest Asia east to northern Iran.
*'''''Fraxinus angustifolia'' subsp. ''oxycarpa''''' (M.Bieb. ex Willd.) Franco & Rocha Afonso (syn. ''F. oxycarpa'' M.Bieb. ex Willd.). '''Caucasian Ash'''. Eastern Europe north to the Czech Republic, southwest Asia east to northern Iran. Leaves with 3–9 leaflets; leaflets with white hairs on the lower half of the midribs.


The [[cultivar]] [[Claret Ash|'Raywood']], derived from subsp. ''oxycarpa'', is very commonly planted as an [[ornamental tree]] in temperate regions; it has notable autumn colour, but has the major drawback of very brittle branches.
The [[cultivar]] [[Claret Ash|'Raywood']], derived from subsp. ''oxycarpa'', is very commonly planted as an [[ornamental tree]] in temperate regions; it has notable autumn colour, but has the major drawback of very brittle branches.


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
*[http://rbg-web2.rbge.org.uk/cgi-bin/nph-readbtree.pl/feout?FAMILY_XREF=&GENUS_XREF=Fraxinus&SPECIES_XREF=angustifolia&TAXON_NAME_XREF=&RANK= Flora Europaea: ''Fraxinus angustifolia'']
*Bean, W. J. (1976). Trees and shrubs hardy in the British Isles 8th ed., revised. John Murray.
*Rushforth, K. (1999). Trees of Britain and Europe. HarperCollins ISBN 0-00-220013-9.


<gallery>
<gallery>
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</gallery>
</gallery>


[[Category:Oleaceae|Ash, Narrow-leafed]]
[[Category:Oleaceae]]


[[bg:Полски ясен]]
[[bg:Полски ясен]]

Revision as of 01:52, 14 November 2007

Fraxinus angustifolia
Foliage of subsp. oxycarpa
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Plantae
Division:
Magnoliophyta
Class:
Magnoliopsida
Order:
Lamiales
Family:
Oleaceae
Genus:
Fraxinus
Species:
F. angustifolia
Binomial name
Fraxinus angustifolia

Fraxinus angustifolia (Narrow-leafed Ash) is a species of Fraxinus native to central and southern Europe, northwest Africa, and southwest Asia.[1][2]

It is a medium-sized deciduous tree growing to 20-30 m tall with a trunk up to 1.5 m diameter. The bark is smooth and pale grey on young trees, becoming square-cracked and knobbly on old trees. The buds are pale brown, which readily distinguishes it from the related Fraxinus excelsior (black buds) even in winter. The leaves are in opposite pairs or whorls of three, pinnate, 15-25 cm long, with 3-13 leaflets; the leaflets being distinctively slender, 3-8 cm long and 1-1.5 cm broad. The flowers are produced in inflorescences which can be male, hermaphrodite or mixed male and hermaphrodite. The male and hermaphrodite flowers occur on all individuals, i.e. all trees are functionally hermaphrodite. Flowering occurs in early spring. The fruit when fully formed is a samara 3-4 cm long, the seed 1.5-2 cm long with a pale brown wing 1.5-2 cm long.[2][3][4][5]

There are two subspecies, treated as distinct species by some authors:[1][2]

  • Fraxinus angustifolia subsp. angustifolia. Western Europe north to France, northwest Africa. Leaves with 7–13 leaflets; leaflets hairless beneath.
  • Fraxinus angustifolia subsp. oxycarpa (M.Bieb. ex Willd.) Franco & Rocha Afonso (syn. F. oxycarpa M.Bieb. ex Willd.). Caucasian Ash. Eastern Europe north to the Czech Republic, southwest Asia east to northern Iran. Leaves with 3–9 leaflets; leaflets with white hairs on the lower half of the midribs.

The cultivar 'Raywood', derived from subsp. oxycarpa, is very commonly planted as an ornamental tree in temperate regions; it has notable autumn colour, but has the major drawback of very brittle branches.

References

  1. ^ a b Flora Europaea: [1]
  2. ^ a b c Rushforth, K. (1999). Trees of Britain and Europe. Collins ISBN 0-00-220013-9.
  3. ^ Mitchell, A. F. (1974). A Field Guide to the Trees of Britain and Northern Europe. Collins ISBN 0-00-212035-6
  4. ^ Mitchell, A. F. (1982). The Trees of Britain and Northern Europe. Collins ISBN 0-00-219037-0
  5. ^ Bean, W. J. (1978). Trees and Shrubs Hardy in the British Isles 8th ed., vol. 2. John Murray ISBN 0-7195-2256-0.
  • Leaves of subsp. oxycarpa
    Leaves of subsp. oxycarpa
  • Specimen of 'Raywood', typically showing several broken branches
    Specimen of 'Raywood', typically showing several broken branches
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