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<!-- Please do not add internal links to articles on His Dark Materials here. Characters and other elements of the film are different from those of the trilogy. The books do not "explain" the film. -->


Lyra Belacqua is a young orphan who lives in a [[parallel universe]] in which a person's [[spirit]] resides outside the body in the form of an [[animal]]. Her spirit, or ''dæmon,'' is named Pantalaimon. The story begins depicting Lyra's interactions with local gyptian children and her friend, Roger. When her uncle, Lord Asriel, visits the college of which she is a ward. Lyra saves him from assassination by a representative of the Magisterium. She learns that the motive was to prevent Asriel from presenting evidence that particles called Dust were flowing from a parallel universe into the far North. In spite of the Magisterium's official insistence that Dust does not exist, Asriel obtains funding from the college to mount an expedition to explore the phenomenon. In a subsequent meeting, it becomes clear that Magisterium officials do believe in Dust and fear its effects on people, such that they have scientists working on a means of inoculating children against its effects. Later, Mrs. Coulter explains to Lyra that Dust causes bad thoughts as children near maturity.
Lyra Belacqua is a young orphan who lives in a [[parallel universe]] in which a person's "[[soul]]", showing characteristics similar to the existing descriptions about the emotional nature of the [[desire body]], resides outside the body in the form of an [[animal]]. Her spirit, or ''dæmon,'' is named Pantalaimon. The story begins depicting Lyra's interactions with local gyptian children and her friend, Roger. When her uncle, Lord Asriel, visits the college of which she is a ward. Lyra saves him from assassination by a representative of the Magisterium. She learns that the motive was to prevent Asriel from presenting evidence that particles called Dust were flowing from a parallel universe into the far North. In spite of the Magisterium's official insistence that Dust does not exist, Asriel obtains funding from the college to mount an expedition to explore the phenomenon. In a subsequent meeting, it becomes clear that Magisterium officials do believe in Dust and fear its effects on people, such that they have scientists working on a means of inoculating children against its effects. Later, Mrs. Coulter explains to Lyra that Dust causes bad thoughts as children near maturity.


Shortly after Lord Asriel goes north, Jordan College receives a visit from a woman of great importance, Marisa Coulter, who offers to take Lyra north as her assistant. Lyra assents, but before she leaves is entrusted with a priceless object by the master of the college: an alethiometer. Resembling a golden compass, it is a device able to reveal the answer to any question asked by the user. Although initially unable to operate it, Lyra takes it with her to Mrs. Coulter's home.
Shortly after Lord Asriel goes north, Jordan College receives a visit from a woman of great importance, Marisa Coulter, who offers to take Lyra north as her assistant. Lyra assents, but before she leaves is entrusted with a priceless object by the master of the college: an alethiometer. Resembling a golden compass, it is a device able to reveal the answer to any question asked by the user. Although initially unable to operate it, Lyra takes it with her to Mrs. Coulter's home.

Revision as of 23:54, 15 December 2007

The Golden Compass
Theatrical release poster
Directed byChris Weitz
Written byPhilip Pullman (novel)
Chris Weitz
StarringDakota Blue Richards
Nicole Kidman
Daniel Craig
Jim Carter
Tom Courtenay
Eva Green
Sam Elliott
Edited byAnne V. Coates
Music byAlexandre Desplat
Distributed byNew Line Cinema
Release dates
UK December 5 2007
USADecember 7, 2007
IT December 14 2007 AUS December 26, 2007
Running time
114 min.
Countries United Kingdom
 United States
LanguageEnglish
Budget$180 million[1]

The Golden Compass is a fantasy film based upon Northern Lights (also known as The Golden Compass), the first novel in Philip Pullman's trilogy His Dark Materials, and was released on December 5 2007 by New Line Cinema. The project was announced in February 2002, following the success of other recent adaptations of fantasy epics, and at $180 million is one of New Line's biggest-budget projects ever after a series of box office disappointments preceding the release.[1][2]

The story concerns Lyra, an orphan living in a fantastical parallel universe in which the dogmatic dictatorship of the Magisterium threatens to dominate the world. When Lyra's friend is kidnapped, she travels to the far North in an attempt to rescue him and rejoin her uncle.

Before its release, the film received criticism from secular organizations and fans of His Dark Materials for the dilution of the religious elements from the novels, as well as from religious organizations for perceived anti-Catholic themes.

Plot

Lyra Belacqua is a young orphan who lives in a parallel universe in which a person's "soul", showing characteristics similar to the existing descriptions about the emotional nature of the desire body, resides outside the body in the form of an animal. Her spirit, or dæmon, is named Pantalaimon. The story begins depicting Lyra's interactions with local gyptian children and her friend, Roger. When her uncle, Lord Asriel, visits the college of which she is a ward. Lyra saves him from assassination by a representative of the Magisterium. She learns that the motive was to prevent Asriel from presenting evidence that particles called Dust were flowing from a parallel universe into the far North. In spite of the Magisterium's official insistence that Dust does not exist, Asriel obtains funding from the college to mount an expedition to explore the phenomenon. In a subsequent meeting, it becomes clear that Magisterium officials do believe in Dust and fear its effects on people, such that they have scientists working on a means of inoculating children against its effects. Later, Mrs. Coulter explains to Lyra that Dust causes bad thoughts as children near maturity.

Shortly after Lord Asriel goes north, Jordan College receives a visit from a woman of great importance, Marisa Coulter, who offers to take Lyra north as her assistant. Lyra assents, but before she leaves is entrusted with a priceless object by the master of the college: an alethiometer. Resembling a golden compass, it is a device able to reveal the answer to any question asked by the user. Although initially unable to operate it, Lyra takes it with her to Mrs. Coulter's home.

Mrs. Coulter arouses Lyra's suspicion when she delays in taking her north. Lyra explores a room she was forbidden to enter, and discovers that Mrs. Coulter is head of the General Oblation Board – the "Gobblers" who have been kidnapping children. She also learns that her friends Billy Costa and Roger have been taken by this group to the North. She then returns to her bedroom to find the alethiometer in the hands of Mrs. Coulter's dæmon. She manages to steal it back, and flees into the streets of the city.

The "Gobblers" pursue her, but she is saved by the gyptians, a nomadic boat-people. She learns that many gyptian children like Billy have disappeared, and that the gyptians will be taking her to the North on a rescue mission. A gyptian and Serafina Pekkala, the queen of a witch clan, help her understand how to use the alethiometer.

In a Norwegian port, Lyra befriends Lee Scoresby, an aeronaut, who advises her to hire him and Iorek Byrnison, an armoured bear. She visits Iorek, who is in fact an exiled prince of the armoured bears, and uses the alethiometer to learn where the townsfolk have hidden the armour they stole from him. In return, he pledges to serve her until she has a victory.

Later in the journey north, the alethiometer guides her to Billy Costa, who has escaped from the Magisterium. She finds him dazed, and without his dæmon. Soon after she returns him to the gyptians, the group is attacked. Lyra is captured and taken to the king of the armoured bears, Ragnar Sturlusson. She tricks Ragnar into fighting Iorek for the throne, and Iorek is victorious. After proclaiming himself king, Iorek accompanies Lyra to Bolvangar, where the abducted children are held. Along the way, they are separated when an ice bridge collapses. Iorek instructs Lyra to wait until he and Lee Scoresby return in the airship, but Lyra chooses to continue.

Lyra is warmly welcomed into Bolvangar. She immediately locates Roger and builds up a plan of escape. Lyra eavesdrops on a group of scientists talking with Mrs. Coulter about the experiments they do on the children, and is caught after Mrs. Coulter leaves the room. The method of preventing Dust from entering a child is to sever his or her bond to the dæmon. To silence Lyra, the scientists begin the procedure on her and Pantalaimon, but Mrs. Coulter intervenes at the last moment.

Mrs. Coulter explains that she is Lyra's mother, and that Lord Asriel is her father. When Mrs. Coulter asks for the alethiometer, Lyra deviously incapacitates her mother. Then she destroys the severing apparatus, and leads the other children out of the facility. The military guard tries to block the escape of the children, but gyptians, witches, Iorek Byrnison, and Lee Scoresby arrive to fight them. The guard loses the battle, and the children meet with the gyptians.

Lyra and Roger choose to travel onward with Lee Scoresby, Iorek Byrnison, and Serafina Pekkala to find Lord Asriel. Serafina foretells a great war. The film ends with Lyra stating that she and her group will make things right.

Cast

Development

On February 11 2002, following the success of New Line's The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring, the studio bought the rights to Philip Pullman's His Dark Materials trilogy. Directors Brett Ratner and Sam Mendes expressed interest, and in July 2003 Tom Stoppard was commissioned to write the screenplay.[5]

"Peter's operation was so impressive that, well, I realized the distance between me and Peter Jackson… At that moment, I realized the sheer scope of the endeavor. And I thought, 'You know what? I can't do this'."
— Director Chris Weitz on his initial departure from the project[4]

A year later, Chris Weitz was hired to direct after approaching the studio with an unsolicited 40-page treatment.[20] The studio rejected Stoppard's script, asking Weitz to start from scratch. A fan of Stoppard, he decided not to read the adaptation in case he "subconsciously poached things from him."[21] After delivering his script, Weitz cited Barry Lyndon and Star Wars as stylistic influences on the film.[5] In 2004, Weitz was invited by Lord of the Rings director Peter Jackson onto the set of King Kong in order to gather information on directing a blockbuster film, and to receive advice on dealing with New Line Cinema, who Jackson had worked for on Lord of the Rings. After a subsequent interview in which Weitz said the novel's attacks on organised religion would have to be softened, he was criticised by some fans,[4] and on December 15, 2004, Weitz announced his resignation as director of the trilogy, citing the enormous technical challenges of the epic.[5] He later indicated that he had envisioned the possibility of being denounced by both the book's fans and its detractors, as well as a studio hoping for another Lord of the Rings.[4]

On August 9, 2005, it was announced that British director Anand Tucker would take over from Weitz. Tucker felt the film would thematically be about Lyra "looking for a family",[5] and Pullman agreed: "He has plenty of very good ideas, and he isn't daunted by the technical challenges. But the best thing from the point of view of all who care about the story is his awareness that it isn't about computer graphics; it isn't about fantastic adventures in amazing-looking worlds; it's about Lyra."[22] Tucker resigned on May 8 2006, citing creative disagreements with New Line, and Weitz returned to direct.[5]. Weitz said "I'm both the first and third director on the film... But I did a lot of growing in the interim."[23] According to producer Deborah Forte, Tucker wanted to make a smaller, less exciting film than New Line wanted. New Line production president Toby Emmerich said of Weitz's return: "I think Chris realized that if he didn’t come back in and step up, maybe the movie wasn’t going to get made... We really didn’t have a Plan B at that point."[20] Weitz was attracted back to the project after receiving a letter from Pullman asking him to reconsider. Since his departure, blueprints, production design and visual effects strategies had been put into position, and while Weitz admitted that his fears didn't vanish, the project suddenly seemed feasible for the director.[4]

On October 9, 2007, Weitz revealed that the final three chapters from The Golden Compass have been moved to potential sequel The Subtle Knife to provide "the most promising conclusion to the first film and the best possible beginning to the second."[24] Author Pullman has publicly supported these changes saying that "every film has to make changes to the story that the original book tells - not to change the outcome, but to make it fit the dimensions and the medium of film."[25]

Title

For some time during the pre-publication process, the series of novels was known as The Golden Compasses. The word Compasses referred to a pair of compasses—the circle-drawing instrument—rather than a navigational compass. Pullman then settled on Northern Lights as the title for the first book, and continued to refer to the trilogy as The Golden Compasses.[26]

In the US, in their discussions over the publication of the first book, the publishers Alfred A. Knopf had been calling it The Golden Compass (omitting the plural), which they mistakenly believed referred to Lyra's alethiometer, because the device superficially resembles a navigational compass. Meanwhile, in the UK, Pullman had replaced The Golden Compasses with His Dark Materials (a title that Pullman had taken from a line in Paradise Lost) as the title of the trilogy. But according to Pullman, the publishers had become so attached to The Golden Compass that they insisted on publishing the US edition of the first book under that title, rather than Northern Lights, the title used in the UK.[26]

As the book was known as The Golden Compass in the US and Canada, with similar book titles in other languages such as in Germany where it is titled Der Goldene Kompass, New Line Cinema chose to use that title for the film adaptation.

Production

Filming began at Shepperton Studios on September 4 2006,[5] with additional sequences shot in Switzerland and Norway.[20] Filming also took place at the Old Royal Naval College at Greenwich in London;[27] and in Radcliffe Square, Oxford, on the 14th and 15th of June. Night filming took place in The Queen's College and Queen's Lane in Oxford on the 24th, 25th and 26th of June.

Production Designer Dennis Gassner says of his work on the film: “The whole project is about translation – translation from something you would understand into something that is in a different vernacular. So, it’s a new signature, looking into another world that seems familiar but is still unique. There’s a term I use – called 'cludging' – it’s taking one element and combining it with another element to make something new. It’s a hybrid or amalgamation, and that’s what this movie is about from a design perspective. It’s about amalgamating ideas and concepts and theoretical and physical environments.”[28]

Rhythm and Hues Studios created the main dæmons, and Framestore CFC created all the bears.[29] British company Cinesite created the secondary dæmons.[30]

Alexandre Desplat composed the soundtrack to the film. Kate Bush recorded the track Lyra which plays over the end credits.[31]

Controversies

Several key themes of the novels, such as the rejection of religion and the abuse of power in a fictionalized Catholic Church, were diluted in the adaptation. Director Weitz said "in the books the Magisterium is a version of the Catholic Church gone wildly astray from its roots" but that the organization portrayed in his film would not directly match that of Pullman's books. Instead, the Magisterium represents all dogmatic organizations.[32] Weitz said that New Line Cinema had feared the story's anti-religious themes would make the film financially unviable in the US, and so religion and God ("the Authority" in the books) will not be referenced directly.

Attempting to reassure fans of the novels, Weitz said that religion would instead appear in euphemistic terms, yet the decision has been attacked by some fans,[33] anti-censorship groups, and the National Secular Society (of which Pullman is an honorary associate), which said "they are taking the heart out of it, losing the point of it, castrating it",[34] "this is part of a long-term problem over freedom of speech." The Atlantic Monthly said also that "With $180 million at stake, the studio opted to kidnap the book’s body and leave behind its soul."[35] The changes from the novel have been present since Tom Stoppard's rejected version of the script,[20] and Pullman expected the film to be "faithful"[32] although he has also been quoted as saying "They do know where to put the theology and that’s off the film."[35]

On October 7 2007 the Catholic League called for a boycott of the film.[36] League president William A. Donohue said he would not ordinarily object to the film, but that while the religious elements are diluted from the source material, the film will encourage children to read the novels, which he says "denigrate Christianity" and promote "atheism for kids."[37] He cited Pullman telling the Washington Post in 2001 that he is "trying to undermine the basis of Christian belief."[38] The League hoped that "the film [would fail] to meet box office expectations and that [Pullman's] books attract few buyers,"[39] declaring the boycott campaign a success after a North American opening weekend which was lower than anticipated.[40] Other evangelical groups, such as The Christian Film and Television Commission, adopted a "wait-and-see" approach to the film before deciding upon any action,[41] as did the Roman Catholic Church in Britain.[42] In November 2007, a review of the film by the of the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops' Office for Film and Broadcasting appeared on the website of the Catholic News Service, and in Catholic newspapers across the country. The review suggested that instead of a boycott, it may be appropriate for Catholic parents to "talk through any thorny philosophical issues" with their children.[43] However, on December 10 2007 the review was removed from the website at the USCCB's request.[44]

Pullman has said of Donohue's call for a boycott, "Why don't we trust readers? Why don't we trust filmgoers? Oh, it causes me to shake my head with sorrow that such nitwits could be loose in the world."[42] In a discussion with Donohue on CBS's Early Show, Ellen Johnson, president of American Atheists, said that rather than promote atheism, the film would encourage children to question authority, saying that would not be a bad thing for children to learn.[45] Director Weitz says that he believes His Dark Materials is "not an atheistic work, but a highly spiritual and reverent piece of writing",[33] and Nicole Kidman has defended her decision to star in the film, saying that "the Catholic Church is part of my essence. I wouldn't be able to do this film if I thought it were at all anti-Catholic".[23] Some commentators have indicated they believe both sides' criticism will prove ultimately impotent and that the negative publicity will prove a boon for the film's box office.[46][47][42]

Reception

Reviews of the The Golden Compass have been mixed.[48] At review aggregate website Rotten Tomatoes, which divides the number of positive reviews a film has received by the total number, it has a 43% rating based on 159 reviews,[49] with a 51% rating from selected "notable" critics [50]. At the similar website Metacritic, which assigns a rating out of 100 to each review, the film has received an average score of 53, based on 29 reviews.[51]

Time rated it B and called it a "good, if familiar fantasy," adding, "The find is Dakota Blue Richards ... who's both grounded and magical." [52]

Peter Bradshaw of The Guardian rated it four stars out of five, praising Nicole Kidman's casting and saying it had "no other challengers as this year's big Christmas movie." [53]

James Christopher of The Times was disappointed, praising the "marvelous" special effects and casting, but saying that the "books weave a magic the film simply cannot match" and citing a "lack of genuine drama." [54]

Kirk Honeycutt of The Hollywood Reporter predicted a "substantial" box office for the film, praising the special effects and stunts, strong storyline, viable characters and the acting. [55]

Chicago Sun-Times critic Roger Ebert awarded the film four out of four stars and called it "a darker, deeper fantasy epic than the Rings trilogy, The Chronicles of Narnia or the Potter films. It springs from the same British world of quasi-philosophical magic, but creates more complex villains and poses more intriguing questions. As a visual experience, it is superb. As an escapist fantasy, it is challenging ... I think [it] is a wonderfully good-looking movie, with exciting passages and a captivating heroine." [56]

The North American opening weekend return of $25.6 million[57] was "a little disappointing" for New Line Cinema,[58] although international figures were "solid", with the film earning $81 million worldwide.[48] The movie has yet to premiere in Asia, Latin America and Australia.

Video game

Main article: The Golden Compass (video game)

The video game for this film was released December 4, 2007 for the PC, Wii, PlayStation 2, PlayStation 3, PlayStation Portable, Nintendo DS, and the Xbox 360. It was developed by Shiny Entertainment and published by Sega.[59]

Players take control of the characters Lyra Belacqua and Iorek Byrnison in Lyra's attempt to save her friend Roger from the General Oblation Board.

Sequels

New Line Cinema has commissioned screenwriter Hossein Amini to write a screenplay based on the second book in the trilogy, The Subtle Knife, potentially for release in late 2009; with the third book of the trilogy, The Amber Spyglass to follow. However, New Line president Toby Emmerich stresses that production of the second and third films is dependent on the financial success of The Golden Compass.[60]

References

  1. ^ a b McClintock, Pamela (2007-12-06). "Will 'Compass' find audiences?". Variety. Retrieved 2007-12-08. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  2. ^ McClintock, Pamela (2007-01-27). "The maverick mogul - big changes at Shaye's New Line". Variety. Retrieved 2007-12-08.
  3. ^ "New Line Cinema Greenlights The Golden Compass for a September 4 Start Date" (Press Release). New Line Cinema. June 28, 2006. Retrieved 2006-07-18. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  4. ^ a b c d e f g Devin Gordon (2007-11-27). "A Director Confronts Some Dark Material". Newsweek. Retrieved 2007-11-28. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  5. ^ a b c d e f g "Dark Material". Empire. 2006-09-29. pp. 56–7. {{cite news}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); Check date values in: |date= (help)
  6. ^ McNary, Dave (July 30, 2006). "Another 'Compass' point - new Kidman gig's 'Golden'". Variety. Retrieved 2007-03-25. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  7. ^ Erik Davis (2007-10-24). "Set Visit: 'The Golden Compass'". Cinematical.com. Retrieved 2007-11-13. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  8. ^ "Kidman Snubs 'villainous' Pullman Role". Contactmusic.com. 2007-11-02. Retrieved 2007-11-13. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  9. ^ "Daniel Craig Boards The Golden Compass". ComingSoon.net. August 18, 2006. Retrieved 2007-03-26. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  10. ^ a b c "Kristin Scott Thomas In Golden Compass". Empire. Retrieved 2007-11-10.
  11. ^ "The Voice of Iorek: Ian McShane". Bridge to the Stars. July 28, 2006. Retrieved 2006-08-03. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  12. ^ Erik Davis (2007-10-24). "Set Visit: 'The Golden Compass'". Cinematical.com. Retrieved 2007-11-19.
  13. ^ Schneider, Karl (August 2, 2006). "Eva Green joins The Golden Compass". Mania Movies. Retrieved 2006-08-02. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  14. ^ Horn, John (May 21, 2007). "New Line strategy has 'Ring' to it". LA Times. LA Times. Retrieved 2007-05-20. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  15. ^ "Roger". Bridge to the Stars. September 29, 2006. Retrieved 2007-03-29. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
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  18. ^ "Magda Szubanski". HisDarkMaterials.org. May 23, 2007. Retrieved 2007-07-31. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  19. ^ a b "The Golden Compass Production Notes". New Line Cinema Movie Publicity. 2007-11-26. Retrieved 2007-11-26. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  20. ^ a b c d Michael Cieply (2007-08-30). "Fate of the Cosmos (and of a Studio) Hangs in the Balance". The New York Times. Retrieved 2007-10-18. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  21. ^ "Pretender to the Throne". Empire. December 2007 issue. pp. 122–130. {{cite news}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); Check date values in: |date= (help)
  22. ^ Pullman, Philip (August, 2005). "The Film". Retrieved 2007-03-27. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  23. ^ a b "Movie Preview: The Golden Compass". Entertainment Weekly. August 2007. Retrieved 2007-10-11. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  24. ^ "A message from Chris Weitz to His Dark Materials fans". HisDarkMaterials.org. October 9, 2007. Retrieved 2007-10-09. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  25. ^ "A message from Philip Pullman to His Dark Materials fans". HisDarkMaterials.org. October 11, 2007. Retrieved 2007-10-11. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  26. ^ a b "Frequently Asked Questions". BridgeToTheStars.net. Retrieved 2007-08-20.
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  28. ^ "Production Notes". Retrieved 2007-11-15.
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  30. ^ "Cinesite to Handle His Dark Materials". His Dark Materials.org. July 27, 2006. Retrieved 2007-03-29. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  31. ^ "Kate Bush pens end credits song: "Lyra"". BridgeToTheStars.net. 2007-11-13. Retrieved 2007-11-13.
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  33. ^ a b "Chris Weitz Interview". Bridge to the Stars. 2004. Retrieved 2007-03-25. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  34. ^ Vanessa Thorpe (2007-10-14). "Religion row hits Pullman epic". The Observer. Retrieved 2007-10-18. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  35. ^ a b Hanna Rosin (2007-12-01). "How Hollywood Saved God". The Atlantic. Retrieved 2007-12-01. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  36. ^ "Film Sells Atheism To Kids; Major Protest Launched". CatholicLeague.org. October 9, 2007. Retrieved 2007-10-09. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  37. ^ Fox News (2007-10-10). "Some Catholic Leaders Upset Over New Nicole Kidman Movie". Fox News. Retrieved 2007-10-11. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  38. ^ Bill Donohue (November 26, 2007). ""GOLDEN COMPASS" SPIN DOCTORS". Catholic League. Retrieved 2007-11-28.
  39. ^ Mary McSweeney (2007-10-13). "Catholic League condemns 'The Golden Compass'". monstersandcritics.com. Retrieved 2007-10-18. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  40. ^ "Catholic League: "GOLDEN COMPASS" MISSES THE MARK". catholicleague.org. December 10 2007. Retrieved 2007-12-11. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  41. ^ Catherine Donaldson-Evans (2007-10-29). "Christian Groups Claim Pro-Atheist 'Stealth Campaign' in Nicole Kidman Fantasy Film 'The Golden Compass'". Fox News. Retrieved 2007-10-30.
  42. ^ a b c David Byers (2007-11-27). "Philip Pullman: Catholic boycotters are 'nitwits'". The Times. Retrieved 2007-11-28.
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  44. ^ "USCCB withdraws review of "The Golden Compass"". Catholic News Service. 2007-12-10. Retrieved 2007-12-14.
  45. ^ CBS Early Show (2007-11-28). "Is "Golden Compass" Anti-Catholic?". CBS Early Show. Retrieved 2007-11-28. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  46. ^ "Is 'The Golden Compass' Too Anti-Christian, or Not Anti-Christian Enough?". New York Magazine. 2007-10-16. Retrieved 2007-10-18.
  47. ^ Chris Kaltenbach (2007-10-24). "'Golden Compass' draws ire of the Catholic League". Baltimore Sun. Retrieved 2007-10-24.
  48. ^ a b Josh Friedman (2007-12-10). "'Golden Compass' points overseas". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2007-12-10. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  49. ^ "Golden Compass at Rotten Tomatoes". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 2007-12-07.
  50. ^ "Golden Compass at Rotten Tomatoes (cream of the crop)". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 2007-12-10.
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  52. ^ Time, December 17, 2007
  53. ^ Bradshaw, Peter (2007-11-26). "The Review: The Golden Compass". film.guardian.co.uk. Retrieved 2007-11-27. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  54. ^ James Christopher (2007-11-27). "The Golden Compass review". The Times. Retrieved 2007-11-28.
  55. ^ Kirk Honeycutt (2007-11-30). "Golden Compass review". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved 2007-12-01. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  56. ^ Roger Ebert in the Chicago Sun-Times, December 7, 2007
  57. ^ "Golden Compass at boxofficemojo.com". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved 2007-12-09.
  58. ^ Dean Goodman (2007-12-09). "'Golden Compass' loses its way at U.S. box office". Reuters. Retrieved 2007-12-09. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  59. ^ http://www.sega.com/corporate/corporate.php?item=pr_20070227a
  60. ^ McNary, Dave (January 5, 2007). "New Line pulls in pic scribe - Amini to pen second part of Pullman trilogy". Variety. Retrieved 2007-07-08. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)

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