Leptospira: Difference between revisions
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The leptospira are an extremaly varied (over 200 serovars known) group of helix-shaped motile [[gram-negative]] bacteria; if straightened, they'd measure 6-20 μm long and 0.1-0.15μm in diameter. The number of curls depends on the straightened length and varius up to as much as 20. The bacteria have a number of freedom degrees; when ready to proliferate via [[binary fision]], the bacterium noticably bends in the place of the future split. |
The leptospira are an extremaly varied (over 200 serovars known) group of helix-shaped motile [[gram-negative]] bacteria; if straightened, they'd measure 6-20 μm long and 0.1-0.15μm in diameter. The number of curls depends on the straightened length and varius up to as much as 20. The bacteria have a number of freedom degrees; when ready to proliferate via [[binary fision]], the bacterium noticably bends in the place of the future split. |
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Leptospira, both pathogenic and saprophytic, can occupy diverse environments, habitats and life cycles; it generally recognized these bacteria are virtually ubiquitous in terms of geographic distribution (present everywhere except [[Antarctica]]). Most of Leptospira, however, are hydrophilic - high humidity and neutral (6.9-7.4) [[pH]] are essential for their survival in the environment, with stagnant water reservoirs - shallow lakes, ponds, etc - being natural source of bacteria. Proliferation rate is typically slow; growth in an artificial nutrient environment (for ''L. interrogans'', one typicaly contains human blood [[serum]]) becomes noticable in around 5-7 days. Parasitic species' optimal growth temperature is 28-32 degrees [[Celsius]], while saprophytic one can grow at as low as 13 degrees [[Celsius]]. |
Leptospira, both pathogenic and saprophytic, can occupy diverse environments, habitats and life cycles; it generally recognized these bacteria are virtually ubiquitous in terms of geographic distribution (present everywhere except [[Antarctica]]). Most of Leptospira, however, are hydrophilic - high humidity and neutral (6.9-7.4) [[pH]] are essential for their survival in the environment, with stagnant water reservoirs - shallow lakes, ponds, etc - being natural source of bacteria. Proliferation rate is typically slow; growth in an artificial nutrient environment (for ''L. interrogans'', one typicaly contains human blood [[serum]]) becomes noticable in around 5-7 days. Parasitic species' optimal growth temperature is 28-32 degrees [[Celsius]], while saprophytic one can grow at as low as 13 degrees [[Celsius]]. |
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Due to high variance |
Due to high variance of the pathogens, leptospira-caused diseases leave immunity only to a particular serovar that actually caused the infection. This circumstance prevents creation of effective [[vaccine]]s agains [[Leptospirosis]] |
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Revision as of 17:37, 10 July 2005
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- Leptospira
- Leptonema
Taxonometry
The Leptospiraceae family (usually refered to by genus name Leptospira) groups a small number of both pathogenic and saprophytic microorganisms. The first Leptospira to become described - Leptospira interrogans (1907) as Spirochaeta Interrogans) was isolated from kidney tissue slices of a Leptospirosis victim. For quite a time, the genus only had two members - the pathogenic (L. interrogans) and saprophytic (L. biflexia).
The current (2004)classification of leptospira bacteria (family Leptospiraceae) is as follows:
- Genus Leptospira
Leptospira interrogans (aka Spirochaeta interrogans aka Spirochaeta icterohaemorrhagiae aka Spirochaeta icterogenes aka Leptospira icteroides)
Leptospira biflexa
Leptospira alexanderi
Leptospira borgpetersenii
Leptospira fainei
Leptospira inadai
Leptospira kirschneri
Leptospira meyeri
Leptospira noguchii
Leptospira parva
Leptospira santarosai
Leptospira weilii
Leptospira wolbachii
- Genus Leptonema
Leptonema illini
The IUMS (2002) confirmed nomenclature for leptospira is as follows: Genus species serovar Serovar_name : i.e. genus and species italicised, serovar name in plain text, genus and serovar capitalised and species lowercase. Examples include: Leptospira interrogans serovar Ballum Leptospira biflexa serovar Codice
Description
The leptospira are an extremaly varied (over 200 serovars known) group of helix-shaped motile gram-negative bacteria; if straightened, they'd measure 6-20 μm long and 0.1-0.15μm in diameter. The number of curls depends on the straightened length and varius up to as much as 20. The bacteria have a number of freedom degrees; when ready to proliferate via binary fision, the bacterium noticably bends in the place of the future split. Leptospira, both pathogenic and saprophytic, can occupy diverse environments, habitats and life cycles; it generally recognized these bacteria are virtually ubiquitous in terms of geographic distribution (present everywhere except Antarctica). Most of Leptospira, however, are hydrophilic - high humidity and neutral (6.9-7.4) pH are essential for their survival in the environment, with stagnant water reservoirs - shallow lakes, ponds, etc - being natural source of bacteria. Proliferation rate is typically slow; growth in an artificial nutrient environment (for L. interrogans, one typicaly contains human blood serum) becomes noticable in around 5-7 days. Parasitic species' optimal growth temperature is 28-32 degrees Celsius, while saprophytic one can grow at as low as 13 degrees Celsius. Due to high variance of the pathogens, leptospira-caused diseases leave immunity only to a particular serovar that actually caused the infection. This circumstance prevents creation of effective vaccines agains Leptospirosis