Binayak Acharya College: Difference between revisions

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Binayak Acharya College is a college in Berhampur, a city in Orissa, India. It was established in the early 1980s to cater to the necessity of a government college in the old city segment of Berhampur. It was named after the late Chief Minister of Orissa, Mr. Binayak Acharya. Its first principal was Mr. Dayanidhi Panda, a professor of mathematics. The college mainly specializes in subjects pertaining to the arts and commerce. Courses in science were introduced in 1997, though only until intermediate level.

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-                             '''environment project'''
-     CHAPTER-01
-[[INTRODUCTION:-]]
-“Child is the father of the man.
-Child is the future of the Nation.
-Child is the future of the mankind.”
-All these are only lofty ideas, empty slogans, a travesty of truth and an eye wash, when we face the diverse problems concerning children in general and child labour in particular. A good child, a bad child or an indifferent child, all come to the same predicaments, sufferings, agonies and endless toiling when they are bracketed in the all pervading definition of “CHILD LABOUR”.
-What a magnificent irony of Fate that while we are observing Children’s Day when we are enshrining the rights of the child in our constitution & we are enunciating the lofty principles of providing protection against various forms of exploitation of children, millions of children are languishing in hazardous conditions in factories & establishments, toiling in myriad agricultural fields scattered around the world & gasping for breath on the footpaths & slums of metropolis & towns & even in individual households, where the tender hearts a mute child is being hardened by the insensitive & insensible battering by the tyrant master.
-	In the above premises, it is incumbent upon us to realize that the time has come to take stock of the plight of this FUTURE OF MANKIND & to delve deep into the mordant malaise eating into the core of this tender-most part of our society. It is high time we analyze the genesis, the problem & the fall out of this social evil & found out the solution so as to envision a better & healthy future.
-	The importance of the child has been brought into focus through various forums. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights adopted by the U.N.O. in 1948 emphasized that the child must be protected against every form of exploitation & provide with all requisite means for its normal development. This has been reiterated by the CHARACTER OF THE RIGHTS of the child. Our own constitution enshrines the lofty principle of the Child’s Right through Articles 24, 39 & 45, besides a number of legislations have been enacted to provide protection against various forms of exploitation of children.
-[[DEFINITION OF CHILD LABOUR:-]]
-“Child Labour” means the employment of child under a specified legal age. It is the employment of boys & girls when they are too young to work for hire or when they are employed at jobs unsuitable or unsafe for children of their ages and under the conditions injurious to their welfare. Through the term ‘Child Labour’ ordinarily implies the employment of a child in any gainful occupation which is most dangerous to his health and frustrates the opportunities of development. It is difficult to find a precise definition in the areas of labor legislation enacted in our country as confusion has already overclouded the definition because of the different labor laws in India.
-Children make up over 50% of the population of the world, yet they have little say even in the ordering of their own lives. More than 20 million children are exploited by unscrupulous gangsters are made to work or forced to take criminal activities such as pick-pocketing, smuggling and pimping. Some parents sell their female children who are forced into prostitution.
-The care for protection of children has always been a major preoccupation of human society. Therefore, there is the need for recognition of the rights of the children at international level in order to make the States to follow up the same.
-Child labor is a burning problem in India. The tendencies to exploit and obtain cheap labor among the employers have led to the acute problem of child labor both in the organized sector. The law relating to Child labor have either to force been quite openly disregarded and flouted. Configuring the relevant have only played the role of a paper tiger it becomes very different to enforce them. The estimated child labor in India is about 20 millions, out of which 4 lakhs children were engaged as prostitutes in India. (Statistics given by the honorable labor minister of India Mr. P.A.Sangama at the Rajya Sabha on 9th.May, 1995) The system of Child labor is economically unsound, ethically & morally wrong and is a stigma on the modern society. However there are no easy and shortcut solution to this problem.
-CHAPTER-02
-[[CAUSE OF CHILD LABOR:]]
-The cause of child labor is generally socio economic. The prime factors leading to this miserable situation are poverty, ignorance, illiteracy of parents and children, low family income i.e. low wage, adult unemployment, large family, low standard of living, bonded labour system among the tribal communities and backward classes etc. Quest for cheap labor is also another factor for child labor.
-ROLE OF N.G.O. ARE AS FOLLOWS:
-Area of information, education, communication &   research.
-Rehabilitation
-Regulation
-[[PROTECTION OF CHILD LABOR IN INDIA:]]
-The constitution of India provides in Article 24 which prohibits and stipulates that no child below the age of 14 shall be employed to work in any factory or in mines or in any hazardous employment.
-Article 39 states that at the tender age, the children are not abused and citizens are not forced by economic necessity to enter avocation unsuited to their age or strength. Government of India by rectifying conversion on the rights of the child, on 12th November, 1992 once again reaffirmed its commitment.
-Again various laws provide child labor such as;
-The plantation labour Act 1951 prohibits employment of children below age of 12 years.
-Mines Act 1952 prohibits employment of children who have not completed the age of 16 years.
-Factory’s Act 1954 prohibits employment of children below age of 14 years.
-Merchant shipping Act 1958 prohibits employment of children below age of 14 years.
-STRATAGIES TO BE ADOPTED TO FIGHT CHILD LABOUR:-
-The rights against the child labour should be carried on at both the Government & the Non-Government level.
-	There are certain areas where only the Government can take initiative.
-[[ROLES OF GOVERNMENT:-]]
-These are as follows
-Make arrangement for compulsory education of children.
-Adopt mobile child health program.
-Arrange child & woman welfare program.
-Initiate anti-poverty program.
-Undertake extensive adult education program.
-Opening of vocational training centers & institutes.
-Adequate & extensive social security provisions like providing free fooding, free clothing & depositing Rs.100/- per month as recurring deposit for each Child labour motivated and joined in the school for their study.
-Village committees, Ward committees, NGOs should be empowered to supervise the experimentation of laws.
-Take measures to ensure small families.
-Establish a single ministry or development to deal with the problem of Child Labour.
-INCIDENCE OF CHILD LABOUR IN INDIA:-
-In India 80% people live below the poverty line. The poor people consider that their children are not only have mouth to eat but also two hands to earn. So they instigate their children to work somewhere to earn something. Another reason is lack of proper education facilities in many remote places in India.
-Officially the data indicates that the number of Child Labour in India was 17.4 million in 1992. Then the national sample survey in March 1983 estimated that 15.7 million of children of age 10-14 years by the operations. Research group, Baroda, state that child laborers in India totaled 44 millions in 1983. But the planning commissions’ projection states that the size of Child Labour is likely to be 20.25 millions by 2000. This number excludes subsidiary child workers on the above survey over 86% of working children are engaged in plantations, mines, fireworks, glass, factories, bidi industries etc.
-CHAPTER-03
-CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISION FOR PREVENTATION
-OF CHILD LABOUR
-Article-24 states that no child below the age of 14 years shall be employed in any hazardous employment.
-Article-41 states that the state shall with in the limits of its economic capacity & development make effective provisions for searing the right to work.
-Article-45 states that the state shall endeavor to provide within a period of 10 hours from the commencement of this constitution free & compulsory education for all children until the completion of the age of 14 years.
-Article-39 states that the state shall in particular indirect its policy towards securing.
-Article-15 enables the state to make special provisions.
-TABLE OF CHILD LABOUR IN ORISSA
-DISTRICTS	MALE	FEMALE	TOTAL
-Angul	20198	5564	25762
-Bolangir	21013	14093	35106
-Balasore	34580	473	35053
-Baragarh	31940	5494	37434
-Bhadrak	14023	6602	20625
-CHAPTER-04
-SURVEY MADE IN LOCAL AREA:-
-As there is no industries in our local areas and as there is no such provisions to engage a ‘child’ as labour in the registered industries in our state, we found the children working in
-Motor Garages
-Hotels & Tea Stall
-Shops
-In the home of rich persons as a servant in our local areas.
-In these places the children have to work for more than 12 hours like from morning 8.30 am to 9.30 pm.
-Against their labour the children are getting very less amount i.e. Rs.300/- to Rs.500/- per month i.e. 10 to 17 rupees per day & the day they are in leave, their wages will cut down.
-The children working in these places are passing their lives in miserable condition. There is no safety for their life where they are working. Some of the children are engaged to collect the waste paper, polythene etc. from the road sides & to sell these things to ‘Kawadibala’ in a very less price for that they get the shelter to sleep at night & the meal to eat which is insufficient for them only. As such the question does not arise with regards to their day’s earnings to the persons, engaged them. In some areas cruel persons are there who engage the children for even begging.
-Besides the other reasons, the number of child labour is increasing day by day mainly due to the parents of the children and also the persons who engage the children in work.
-To eradicate the child labour, our Government has taken some major steps like;
-Compulsory education of children up to 14 years.
-Free education up to 14 years.
-Mid day meal in the schools up to upper primary level.
-Motivating the child laborers towards joining them in the schools by providing free fooding, free clothing, and an incentive of Rs.100/-per month for each child labour in shape of postal recurring deposit in their names.
-And also by implementing the ‘child labour act’ through which there is a punishment to those persons who engage the children of less than 14 years as laborer. To stop the child labour, the steps taken by the Government should be strictly followed with the co-operation of the public at large.
-Now the table given below as the survey done by me in my local areas regarding the child labour is as follows.
-AGE OF SURVEYED CHILD LABOURERES:-
-Age of Child Labours	Percentage	Number
-Child Below 8 years	13%	5327
-Child Between 8-10 years	18%	7376
-Child Between 10-12 years	31%	12702
-Child Between 12-14 years	38%	15572
-                 Total	100%	40977