Dodge Viper

Dodge Viper
Overview
Manufacturer	Chrysler (1992-1998) DaimlerChrysler (1998-2006) Chrysler LLC (2008-present)
Production	1991-2011(press release)
Assembly	Detroit, Michigan
Designer	Tom Gale
Body and chassis
Layout	FR layout
Powertrain
Engine	V10
Transmission	6-speed manual

The Dodge Viper is a V10-powered sports car manufactured by the Dodge division of Chrysler LLC. Production of the two seat sports car began at New Mack Assembly in 1992 and moved to its current home at Conner Avenue Assembly in October 1995. The car, as well as numerous variations of it, have made countless appearances in TV shows, videogames, movies, and music videos.

Production End?

Recent news has stated the car will end a complete production run as of 2011, and also closing the Connor Avenue Assembly Plant as well

Development

The Viper was conceived as a historical take on the classic American sports car. While there are some who insist that the iconic AC Cobra was a source of inspiration, the final version of the Viper was far too large and heavy to seriously claim any direct lineage with the compact and lightweight vehicle. Most saw claims to kinship with the Cobra as a marketing exercise, although Caroll Shelby was involved in the initial design of the Viper. Notably, the Viper took many design cues from the Shelby Cobra Daytona.

The Viper was initially conceived in late 1988 at Chrysler's Advanced Design Studios. The following February, Chrysler president Bob Lutz suggested to Tom Gale at Chrysler Design that the company should consider producing a modern Cobra, and a clay model was presented to Lutz a few months later. The car appeared as a concept at the North American International Auto Show in 1989. This concept vehicle was originally named Copperhead because of its low, wide appearance characteristic of reptiles. The name would later be changed to Viper. Public reaction was so enthusiastic, that chief engineer Roy Sjeoberg was directed to develop it as a standard production vehicle.

Sjoberg selected 85 engineers to be "Team Viper", with development beginning in March 1989. The team asked the then-Chrysler subsidiary Lamborghini to cast some prototype aluminum blocks based on Dodge's V10 truck engine for sports car use in May. The production body was completed in the fall, with a chassis prototype running in December. Though a V8 was first used in the test mule, the V10, which the production car was meant to use, was ready in February 1990.

Official approval from Chrysler chairman, Lee Iacocca, came in May 1990. One year later, Caroll Shelby piloted a pre-production car as the pace vehicle in the Indianapolis 500 race. In November 1991, the car was released to reviewers with first retail shipments beginning in January 1992.

First generation SR (1992–1995)

First Generation Viper RT/10
Overview
Production	1992–1995
Body and chassis
Body style	2-door roadster
Powertrain
Engine	Template:Auto L V10 Template:Auto lb ft
Transmission	6-speed manual
Dimensions
Wheelbase	Template:Auto in
Length	Template:Auto in
Width	Template:Auto in
Height	Template:Auto in
Curb weight	3400 lb (1542 kg)

The first prototype was tested in December 1989. It debuted in 1991 with two pre-production models as the pace car for the Indianapolis 500 when Dodge was forced to substitute it in place of the Japanese-built Stealth due to complaints from the UAW, and went on sale in January 1992 as the soft roofed RT/10 Roadster.

The centerpiece of the car was its engine. Originally designed for a truck platform and based on the Chrysler LA design, a division of the Chrysler Corporation revamped Dodge's cast-iron block V10 for the Viper by recasting the block and head in aluminum alloy. Some within Chrysler felt the pushrod two-valve design, while adequate for the truck application, was unsuitable for a performance car and suggested a more comprehensive redesign which would have included four valves per cylinder. Chrysler, however, was uncertain about the Viper's production costs and sales potential and so declined to provide the budget for the modification.

The engine weighed Template:Auto lb and produced 400 hp (298 kW) at 4600 rpm and 465 ft·lbf (630 N·m) of torque at 3600 rpm, and thanks to the long-gearing allowed by the torquey engine, provided surprising fuel economy at a claimed 21 mpg US (11.2 L/100 km) if driven sedately. The body was a tubular steel frame with resin transfer molding (RTM) fiberglass panels. Underneath, it was a crude and rude "kit car assembly" similar to what home builders had been building for years with Cobra replicas. Much of the suspension, following the manufacturer's "engine first" mantra, was sourced from the Dodge Dakota pickup. Typical of American performance car design, it had a front-mounted engine driving the rear wheels; it was also very light in comparison to modern Ferraris with a curb weight of 3,280 lb (1,488 kg) and lacked all modern driver aids such as traction control or anti-lock brakes. Car and Driver magazine referred to this generation as "the world's biggest Fat Boy Harley", and likened driving it to "playing ping pong with a Louisville Slugger baseball bat." Despite this, in straight line performance, it completed a quarter mile in 12.6 seconds and had a maximum speed of over 180 mph (290 km/h). Its large tires allowed the car to average close to 1 g in corners, which is comparable to modern sports cars. However, the car proved tricky to drive at high speeds. The brakes' lack of ABS resulted in stopping distances longer than that of the Dodge Neon.

The car was also devoid of any luxuries at all. Along with the absence of exterior door handles, the vehicle lacked windows and even a roof. Although a soft top cover was available, it was designed primarily for outdoor vehicle storage. In terms of interior space, the trunk was large enough for the rain cover and little else. Chrysler's purpose for the vehicle was clear in almost every aspect of its construction; from the unyielding bolstering of the seats to the side-exit exhaust that came with its own disclaimer against passenger injury. Performance came first, creature comforts last (if at all).

Performance

• 0-60: 4.5 sec
• 0-100: 10.0 sec
• quarter mile: 12.5 sec @ 120 mph (193 km/h)
• top speed: +Template:Auto mph (confirmed by Road and Track magazine / 1992)
• 700 ft (210 m) slalom: over 66 mph (106 km/h)
• skidpad average g: 0.96

Second generation SR (1996–2002)

Second Generation Viper RT/10, GTS
Overview
Production	1996–2002
Body and chassis
Body style	2-door roadster 2-door coupe
Powertrain
Engine	Template:Auto L V10 Template:Auto hp
Transmission	6-speed manual
Dimensions
Wheelbase	Template:Auto in
Length	Template:Auto in (1996-99 RT/10) Template:Auto in (2000-02 RT/10) Template:Auto in (GTS)
Width	Template:Auto in
Height	Template:Auto in (RT/10) Template:Auto in (GTS)

A coupe model called the GTS was also introduced in 1996. Dubbed "dubble bubble", the roof featured slightly raised sections above each seat to accommodate usage of helmets, a throwback to its intended purpose. Indeed, the Viper's performance has made the vehicle popular for both amateur and professional racers. Vipers can be seen participating often in drag racing, road racing and drifting. The GTS, like its predecessor, was chosen as the pace car for the 1996 Indianapolis 500.

Technically this was not a 'new' generation, but the same car with minor modifications such as increased engine power, stiffened and lightened chassis, an improved suspension, and reduced braking distances; the 1996 to 2002 Viper GTS had a lighter (approximately 650 lb) 450 bhp (336 kW) engine, which could complete the quarter mile 0.7 seconds faster and increased top speed by 35 km/h (22 mph) or so. The revised suspension, stiffer chassis, and aerodynamic body raised lateral grip to 0.98 g (9.6 m/s²), although other reports show the 1992 model with 1.0 g. Slalom runs could often reach or exceed 70 mph (110 km/h). Brakes once again lacked ABS, and as a result made the Viper appear deficient in braking capability when compared to ABS equipped cars.

Along with the updated performance came the inclusion of some of the "luxuries" the car did without before. Dual front airbags were added to the vehicle's safety equipment list in 1997 as mandated by the government. The car was also exported to Europe, where it was rebadged as a Chrysler, and sold under this marque from 1997 to 2003.

In the first six years of production almost 10,000 Vipers were sold. Minor evolutionary changes including new 18" diameter wheels were introduced in the 1999 model. Subsequent versions featured light-weight hypereutectic pistons and an improved exhaust system. 1999 saw the introduction of the Cognac Connolly interior package. Continuing the refinements, an ABS system was introduced in 2001. In 2002, the end of second generation production was celebrated with the release of 360 commemorative "Final Edition" models. These models were painted red with white stripes, paying tribute to the famous race-winning Oreca cars.

Performance (GTS)

• 0-60: 4.0 sec
• 0-100: 8.6 sec
• quarter mile: 12.2 sec @ 118 mph (190 km/h)
• top speed: +190 (Car & Driver 2001)
• slalom: Template:Auto mph
• skidpad average acceleration: 0.98 g (9.6 m/s²)

Third generation ZB (2003-2006)

Third Generation Viper SRT-10
Overview
Production	2003–2006
Body and chassis
Body style	2-door roadster 2-door coupe
Powertrain
Engine	Template:Auto L V10 Template:Auto bhp @ 5600 rpm Template:Auto ft.lbf @ 4200 rpm
Transmission	T56 Tremec 6-speed manual
Dimensions
Wheelbase	Template:Auto in
Length	Template:Auto in
Width	Template:Auto in
Height	Template:Auto in (coupe) Template:Auto in (SRT-10) Template:Auto in (convertible)
Curb weight	Template:Auto lb

The Dodge Viper underwent a major redesign in 2003, courtesy of DaimlerChrysler's Street and Racing Technology group. The new Viper SRT-10 was heavily restyled with sharp, angled bodywork. The engine was enlarged to 8.3 L (505 cid/8,285 cc) which, with other upgrades, combined to increased output to Template:Auto hp (373 kW) and Template:Auto ft.lbf of torque. The chassis was also improved. It became more rigid and weighed approximately 80 pounds less than the previous model. An even lighter and stronger chassis was planned, but was abandoned because of cost. It is unlikely that the cost increase would have reduced the car's performance value, as it was already one of the fastest cars under $300,000. Parts from the planned suspension were used in the Hennessey Viper Venom 1000 Twin Turbo, however. The initial model was a convertible. In 2004, Dodge introduced a limited edition Mamba package. Mamba edition cars featured black interiors, with red stitching and trim and saw their MSRP price rise by roughly $3000. 200 Mambas were produced.

The new Viper SRT-10 Coupe was introduced in 2005, at the Detroit Auto Show, as a 2006 model. It shares many of its body panels with the convertible but takes its side and rear styling cues from the Competition Coupe. The new coupe looks much like the previous Viper GTS and retains the "double-bubble" roof shape of the original, along with the original GTS's taillights as well offering the original Viper Blue paint scheme with white stripes (referred to as GTS Blue) for an added homage to the original Viper coupe. The engine was also certified by the SAE to produce Template:Auto hp and Template:Auto ft.lbf of torque. It is important to note that the engine makes the same power as before, only the numerical value of the power was changed. Unlike the original coupe, the chassis was not modified. This made the new coupe heavier than the convertible, and thus slightly slower in low speed acceleration. Handling and high speed performance were improved by the coupe's stiffer frame, reduced drag, and increased downforce.

No 2007 model Vipers were produced. Instead, Chrysler chose to give the 2006 model an extended run while preparing the updated 2008 model.

Performance

• 0-60: 3.9 sec
• 0-100: 8.3 sec
• quarter mile: 11.7 sec @ 123 mph (198 km/h)
• top speed: 195 mph (314 km/h)
• slalom: Template:Auto mph+
• skidpad average acceleration: 1.05 g (10.3 m/s²)
• 100-0: 274 ft (84 m)

Fourth generation ZB (2008–present)

Fourth Generation Viper SRT-10
2008 Dodge Viper SRT-10 roadster
Overview
Production	2008-Present
Body and chassis
Body style	2-door roadster 2-door coupe
Powertrain
Engine	Template:Auto L V10 Template:Auto bhp @ 6000 rpm Template:Auto ft.lbf @ 5600 rpm
Transmission	TR6060 6-speed manual
Dimensions
Wheelbase	Template:Auto in
Length	Template:Auto in
Width	Template:Auto in
Height	Template:Auto in (coupe) Template:Auto in (SRT-10) Template:Auto in (convertible)
Curb weight	Template:Auto lb (Base) Template:Auto lb (ACR)

2008 Dodge Viper from the Montreal Auto Show

For 2008, the Viper received a Template:Auto hp bump up to Template:Auto hp, a Template:Auto ft.lbf torque bump up to Template:Auto ft.lbf and the engine displacement increased up to 8.4 liters (512 ci/8354 cc) from 8.3, also receiving better flowing heads with larger valves, Mechadyne variable valve timing on the exhaust cam lobes, and dual electronic throttle bodies. The rev limit was able to be increased by 300 rpm due to the improved valve-train stability from both the new camshaft profiles and valve-springs. The development of the engine was done with some external assistance from McLaren Automotive and Ricardo Consulting Engineers.

Changes outside of the engine were less extreme, but still influential. The Tremec T56 transmission has been replaced with a new Tremec TR6060 which now has triple first gear synchronizers and doubles for higher gears. Shifts are claimed to be 18% quicker than the 2007 Chevrolet Corvette Z06. The Dana M44-4 rear axle from the 2003-2006 model now has a GKN ViscoLok speed-sensing limited-slip differential that greatly helps the tires in getting grip under acceleration. Another performance upgrade was the removal of run-flat tires; the new Michelin Pilot Sport 2 tires have increased driver feedback as well as grip and, along with revised suspension (springs, anti-roll bars, and shock valving), has made the Viper more neutral in cornering.

The modifications made to the 2008 model year car were enough for Chrysler to make it distinct from the first SRT-10, and the 2008 model became known as Gen IV, just in time for release with Chevrolet's Corvette. Another notable change is the reworking of the exhaust system, previous third generation Vipers had their exhaust crossover under the seats which resulted in a large amount of heat going into the cockpit, this was done initially to help improve the cars exhaust note, since the first 2 generations of Viper, which had no crossover, were criticized for their lackluster exhaust notes. For 2008, the Viper exhaust will utilize a new exhaust system with no crossover, reducing the heat that enters the cockpit, but allowing the Viper to still produce an exotic sound.

The electrical system has been completely revised for 2008. Changes include a 180-amp alternator, twin electric cooling fans, electronic throttles, and completely new VENOM engine management system. CAN bus architecture has been intertwined with pre-existing systems to allow for regulatory compliance. The fuel system was upgraded to include a higher capacity fuel pump and filtration system.

Car and Driver recently tested the car and got a 0-60 mph time of 3.5 seconds, a 0-100 mph time of 7.6 seconds and a Quarter Mile-time of 11.6 seconds at 126 mph (203 km/h). Dodge's claims for top speed are 197 mph (317 km/h) and 202 mph (325 km/h), for the Roadster and Coupe respectively. Car and Driver also tested the Viper's track performance, and managed a fast sub 3 minute lap time around Virginia International Raceway. The Viper's time, despite hot weather, was faster than the Corvette Z06, Ford GT, Porsche 911 Turbo and 911 GT3, Audi R8, and other such cars. According to Car and Driver and Motortrend, the car's slightly adjusted suspension setup and new differential gave it cornering ability as sharp as before with even better control, feedback, and response.

Performance (2008 base model):

• 0-60: 3.5 sec
• 0-100: 7.6 sec
• quarter mile: 11.6 sec @ 128 mph (206 km/h)
• top speed: 202 mph (325 km/h)
• slalom: Template:Auto mph+
• skidpad average acceleration: 1.06 g (10.4 m/s²)
• 100-0: 270 ft (82 m)

The new ACR

The 2008 model also sees the return of the Viper ACR. The Viper SRT-10 ACR features track based upgrades, such as functional aerodynamic additions, adjustable suspension, racing brakes, and Michelin Pilot Sport Cup tires. Weight is also decreased by as much as Template:Auto lb by way of the "Hardcore Package" which deletes radio, speakers, amplifier, trunk carpet, hood pad and tire inflater. The weight loss is not a lot considering the base Viper's Template:Auto lb weight, but it is enough to make a difference in performance. The ACR should be one of the fastest street cars available upon its 2008 release. Its aerodynamic upgrades produce 1000 lbf (4.4 kN) of down-force at 150 mph (240 km/h) which will greatly effect cornering along with the new tires and modified suspension. Braking distance should be just as impressive thanks to slotted two piece StopTech rotors, for comparison the 03 Viper was capable of stopping from 100 mph (160 km/h) in 274 ft (84 m) on run flat tires. Although the Viper ACR is street legal, it is clearly meant for track use. No upgrades were given to the interior except for the addition of a professional beacon-tripped lap timer.

Europe

The second generation Vipers were exported to Europe, where they were sold as Chryslers.

The third generation Viper was being sold in Europe during 2005-2006, the first model to be sold as a Dodge, as part of Chrysler's new sales strategy for the European market. In The United Kingdom it is referred to as a Viper, but it is actually sold as the Dodge SRT-10, as the Viper name is a registered trademark in the UK. Prodrive currently handles the importation and modification of Vipers to meet European laws.

Variants

Viper GT2

In order to meet FIA homologation requirements as well as to celebrate Chrysler winning the 1997 FIA GT2 class championship, 100 modified Viper GT2 Championship Edition street legal cars were sold. These upgraded GTS cars were rated at 460 hp (343 kW) and 500 ft·lbf (678 N·m) of torque. It featured bodywork aesthetically similar to the GTS-R with its paint job, aerodynamics package, and visual options in order to publicize the Viper's achievement in the FIA GT Championship.

Viper ACR

The American Club Racing (ACR) model was introduced in 1999. This model featured suspension and engine enhancements focused on maximizing performance in road racing and autocross environments. Horsepower was bumped to 460 hp (343 kW) in these models, while torque went to 500 ft·lbf (678 N·m). Along with engine and handling mods, these models are distinguished by an "ACR" badge, along with 20 spoke BBS wheels.

A new ACR was added to the Viper line up after the 2008 model year. Its upgrades are more drastic than the original, including racing tires, new brakes, adjustable suspension, and significant aerodynamic revision. No engine modifications were made, so figures remain at 600 hp (448 kW) and 560 ft·lbf (760 N·m) as in the base car. The ACR gives an advantage of being street legal. The ACR is similar to the MOPAR Viper that Dodge displayed at various auto shows.

Mopar Performance Viper

File:DSCN4314.JPG

"Mopar Performance" Viper at the 2007 Chicago Auto Show

A prototype 2008 Mopar Viper Coupe appeared at the 2007 North American International Auto Show. There are currently no plans for production, but parts from this car may eventually be available for sale through Mopar.

Firepower

Main article: Chrysler Firepower

The Chrysler Firepower was a grand touring concept based off the Viper chassis that would have been equipped with the Hemi V-8. The pricing would have targeted a slightly less affluent buyer, or one desiring an automatic transmission.

Copperhead

Main article: Dodge Copperhead

The Dodge Copperhead was a concept car based on the Viper platform that was intended as a cheaper, more nimble car. It was powered by a V6 engine instead of the Viper's V10. It never reached production.

Awards

• John Lingenfelter Memorial Trophy
• 2004 World Speed Record - Dodge SRT-10 Ram - 154.587 mph (248.784 km/h) flying kilometer
• Best Night Club Car of 2007, Gaywheels.com

Motorsports

Following the release of the Viper in 1992, several North American and European teams attempted to race Viper RT/10s. Based on production cars and using an added roof for rigidity, the cars were not able to perform as hoped. Although they were never officially backed by Dodge, they got the company interested in developing a fully-backed race car by time the second generation Viper was under development.

Viper GTS-R

Main article: Chrysler Viper GTS-R

Based on the Viper GTS, the GTS-R was launched in late 1995 as an attempt to prove the capabilities of the Viper design worldwide, although the racing programs would mostly concentrate on Europe. Using such production engine components as the block, cylinder heads, and crankshaft, Dodge engineers were able to extract up to Template:Auto hp from the normally Template:Auto hp second generation 8.0 L V10 engine. The chassis was re-engineered from the ground up by British sports manufacturer Reynard Motorsport's Special Projects Division under chief engineer Paul Brown, while Oreca would assemble and maintain the racing cars.

The car made its competition debut in the 1996 24 Hours of Daytona with Canaska Racing, followed by Oreca in the BPR Global GT Series. Oreca would go on to take most of the success with the Viper, winning the FIA GT Championship three times, 24 Hours of Le Mans class wins three times, and an overall win at the 24 Hours of Daytona in 2000.

Following the end of official factory support for the program in 2001, Vipers have been used by privateer teams with much success. Viper GTS-Rs continued to be used competitively even into 2007.

Viper Competition Coupe

A Viper Competition Coupe competing in the FIA GT3 European Championship.

As of 2003, a special, non-street legal Viper SRT-10 Competition Coupe is available from Dodge for race car drivers, picking up where the GTS-R racing variant left off. The power and torque ratings have been improved, along with the vehicle being stripped of anything not essential for racing, such as the interior body panels, carpet, instrumentation, air conditioning, and stereo systems which lightened the car by 380 lb (170 kg). The Competition Coupe comes equipped with a full roll cage, a racing fuel cell, and other racing-related equipment. It is not sold through dealers and is purchased from Dodge directly as, essentially, a very expensive race car component. Pricing is approximately US$139,000. The Viper Competition Coupe sees action in the highly competitive SCCA Speed GT World Challenge.

In 2004 Samuel Hubinette used a Competition Coupe with a modified rear axle for the Formula D, in which he won the title before the car was barred by the end of the season (due to the fact FD would adopt D1 Grand Prix regulations from the following year which had already prohibited the car from competing) and was replaced by an SRT-10 the following season.

After a few one-off entries in the Spa 24 Hours, from 2006, the Viper Competition Coupe raced in Europe fulltime for the first time, joining the new FIA GT3 European Championship with the Italian team Racing Box. At the end of the year, Oreca announced the development of a package transforming the car to GT2 regulations in national championships.

Achievements

• 2006 Australian GT Championship, won by Greg Crick
• 2006 Formula D - Championship, won by Samuel Hubinette
• 2004 Formula D - Championship, won by Samuel Hubinette
• 2004 SCCA Speed GT - Drivers Championship
• 2002 FIA GT Championship – GT1 Drivers, won by Christophe Bouchut
• 2002 FIA GT Championship – GT1 Teams, won by Larbre Competition
• 2001 FIA GT Championship – GT1 Drivers, won by Christophe Bouchut & Jean-Philippe Belloc
• 2001 FIA GT Championship – GT1 Teams, won by Larbre Competition
• 2000 Grand-Am - Overall victory and GT2 victor Rolex 24 Hours of Daytona, American Le Mans Series - GT2 Manufacturer's Championship, 24 Hours of Le Mans GT2 class winner
• 1999 FIA GT Championship – Drivers, won by Olivier Beretta & Karl Wendlinger
• 1999 FIA GT Championship – Teams, won by Viper Team Oreca
• 1999 24 Hours of Le Mans GT2 class winner, American Le Mans Series - GT2 Manufacturer's Championship
• 1998 FIA GT2 - First and Second Place 24 Hours of Le Mans, first American car to win at Le Mans in three decades, and very first "production American car"
• 1998 FIA GT Championship – GT2 Drivers, won by Olivier Beretta & Pedro Lamy
• 1998 FIA GT Championship – GT2 Teams, won by Viper Team Oreca
• 1997 FIA GT Championship – GT2 Drivers, won by Justin Bell
• 1997 FIA GT Championship – GT2 Teams, won by Viper Team Oreca

References

• Kevin Smith. "Preview Test: Dodge Viper RT/10". Car and Driver (March 1992): 38–43.
• "The Closest Thing To Having A Lola Champ Car In Your Garage" duPont Registry (June 2006) pg. 119

External links

• Dodge Viper Website - Dodge Brand Site
• Viperclub.org - Viper Club of America Official Website
• Viper Magazine - Official print magazine for Viper owners and enthusiasts
• Internet Movie Cars Database Entry - Dodge Viper in IMCDB